@article{GelmanRubin92,
  title={{Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences}},
  author={Gelman, Andrew and Rubin, Donald B},
  journal={Statistical science},
  pages={457--472},
  year={1992},
  publisher={JSTOR}
}

@book{Lindley65,
  title={{Introduction to Probability and Statistics from Bayesian Viewpoint. Part 2: inference}},
  author={Lindley, Dennis Victor},
  year={1965},
  publisher={CUP Archive}
}

@ARTICLE{MatzkeWagenmakers09,
  author = {Matzke, D and Wagenmakers, EJ},
  title = {{Psychological interpretation of the ex-Gaussian and shifted Wald parameters: A diffusion model analysis}},
  journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
  year = {2009}
}

@ARTICLE{AbeggSharmaBarton11,
  author = {Abegg, Mathias and Sharma, Nishant and Barton, Jason J S},
  title = {{Antisaccades generate two types of saccadic inhibition.}},
  journal = {Biological psychology},
  year = {2011},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {To make an antisaccade away from a stimulus, one must also suppress
	the more reflexive prosaccade to the stimulus. Whether this inhibition
	is diffuse or specific for saccade direction is not known. We used
	a paradigm examining inter-trial carry-over effects. Twelve subjects
	performed sequences of four identical antisaccades followed by sequences
	of four prosaccades randomly directed at the location of the antisaccade
	stimulus, the location of the antisaccade goal, or neutral locations.
	We found two types of persistent antisaccade-related inhibition.
	First, prosaccades in any direction were delayed only in the first
	trial after the antisaccades. Second, prosaccades to the location
	of the antisaccade stimulus were delayed more than all other prosaccades,
	and this persisted from the first to the fourth subsequent trial.
	These findings are consistent with both a transient global inhibition
	and a more sustained focal inhibition specific for the location of
	the antisaccade stimulus.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.10.007},
  issn = {1873-6246},
  pmid = {22020136},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020136}
}

@ARTICLE{Acun10,
  author = {Acun, Daniel E},
  title = {{Structure Learning in Human Sequential}},
  journal = {Learning},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {6},
  number = {12},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Structure Learning in Human Sequential - Acun,
	Daniel E )




	 },
  doi = {10.1371/Citation},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Acun - 2010 - Structure Learning in Human Sequential.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Aeyels,
  author = {Aeyels, Dirk},
  title = {{Optimization of discontinuous functions and application to optimal
	control}},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {0--3},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Aeyels - Unknown - Optimization of discontinuous functions and application to optimal control.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {an approximate gradient for,arbitrary functions,bounded lebesgue measurable,nonsmooth
	analysis,optimal control,optimization}
}

@ARTICLE{AhmedRaviSmola,
  author = {Ahmed, Amr and Ravi, Sujith and Smola, Alexander J},
  title = {{FastEx : Hash Clustering with Exponential Families}},
  pages = {1--9},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( FastEx : Hash Clustering with Exponential Families
	- Ahmed, Amr; Ravi, Sujith; Smola, Alexander J )




	 },
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ahmed, Ravi, Smola - Unknown - FastEx Hash Clustering with Exponential Families.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Ahn12,
  author = {Ahn, Sungjin},
  title = {{Bayesian Posterior Sampling via Stochastic Gradient Fisher Scoring}},
  journal = {Arxiv preprint arXiv:1206.6380},
  year = {2012},
  annote = {Stochastic optimization: Mini-batch gradient descent Langevin dynamics:
	Gradient descent + Noise (-> samples from posteriors rather than
	directly moving to MAP) Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics: Combine
	both ideas (Maxwell, Teh 2010) This paper: tuning of noise term so
	that SGLD creates samples from the Normal approximation (2)},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ahn - 2012 - Bayesian Posterior Sampling via Stochastic Gradient Fisher Scoring.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6380}
}

@ARTICLE{AichertWostmannCostaEtAl12,
  author = {Aichert, D\'{e}sir\'{e}e S and W\"{o}stmann, Nicola M and Costa,
	Anna and Macare, Christine and Wenig, Johanna R and M\"{o}ller, Hans-J\"{u}rgen
	and Rubia, Katya and Ettinger, Ulrich},
  title = {{Associations between trait impulsivity and prepotent response inhibition.}},
  journal = {Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {00},
  number = {00},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {This study addresses the relationship between trait impulsivity and
	inhibitory control, two features known to be impaired in a number
	of psychiatric conditions. While impulsivity is often measured using
	psychometric self-report questionnaires, the inhibition of inappropriate,
	impulsive motor responses is typically measured using experimental
	laboratory tasks. It remains unclear, however, whether psychometrically
	assessed impulsivity and experimentally operationalized inhibitory
	performance are related to each other. Therefore, we investigated
	the relationship between these two traits in a large sample using
	correlative and latent variable analysis. A total of 504 healthy
	individuals completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and
	a battery of four prepotent response inhibition paradigms: the antisaccade,
	Stroop, stop-signal, and go/no-go tasks. We found significant associations
	of BIS impulsivity with commission errors on the go/no-go task and
	directional errors on the antisaccade task, over and above effects
	of age, gender, and intelligence. Latent variable analysis (a) supported
	the idea that all four inhibitory measures load on the same underlying
	construct termed "prepotent response inhibition" and (b) revealed
	that 12\% of variance of the prepotent response inhibition construct
	could be explained by BIS impulsivity. Overall, the magnitude of
	associations observed was small, indicating that while a portion
	of variance in prepotent response inhibition can be explained by
	psychometric trait impulsivity, the majority of variance remains
	unexplained. Thus, these findings suggest that prepotent response
	inhibition paradigms can account for psychometric trait impulsivity
	only to a limited extent. Implications for studies of patient populations
	with symptoms of impulsivity are discussed.},
  doi = {10.1080/13803395.2012.706261},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Aichert et al. - 2012 - Associations between trait impulsivity and prepotent response inhibition.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1744-411X},
  keywords = {cognitive control,impulsivity,individual differences,prepotent response
	inhibition},
  pmid = {22888795},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22888795}
}

@ARTICLE{AkamKullmann10,
  author = {Akam, Thomas and Kullmann, Dimitri M.},
  title = {{Oscillations and Filtering Networks Support Flexible Routing of
	Information}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {308--320},
  number = {2},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.019},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Akam, Kullmann - 2010 - Oscillations and Filtering Networks Support Flexible Routing of Information.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {08966273},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627310004770}
}

@ARTICLE{AlexanderBrown11,
  author = {Alexander, William H and Brown, Joshua W},
  title = {{Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor}},
  journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  number = {September},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2921},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Alexander, Brown - 2011 - Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Alexander, Brown - 2011 - Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor(3).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Alexander, Brown - 2011 - Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor(2).pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nn.2921}
}

@ARTICLE{AmadorSchlag-ReySchlag04,
  author = {Amador, Nelly and Schlag-Rey, Madeleine and Schlag, John},
  title = {{Primate antisaccade. II. Supplementary eye field neuronal activity
	predicts correct performance.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {1672--89},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Neuronal activities were recorded in the supplementary eye field (SEF)
	of 3 macaque monkeys trained to perform antisaccades pseudorandomly
	interleaved with prosaccades, as instructed by the shape of a central
	fixation point. The prosaccade goal was indicated by a peripheral
	stimulus flashed anywhere on the screen, whereas the antisaccade
	goal was an unmarked site diametrically opposite the flashed stimulus.
	The visual cue was given immediately after the instruction cue disappeared
	in the immediate-saccade task, or during the instruction period in
	the delayed-saccade task. The instruction cue offset was the saccade
	gosignal. Here we focus on 92 task-related neurons: visual, eye-movement,
	and instruction/fixation neurons. We found that 73\% of SEF eye-movement-related
	neurons fired significantly more before anti-saccades than prosaccades.
	This finding was analyzed at 3 levels: population, single neuron,
	and individual trial. On individual antisaccade trials, 40 ms before
	saccade, the firing rate of eye-movement-related neurons was highly
	predictive of successful performance. A similar analysis of visual
	responses (40 ms astride the peak) gave less-coherent results. Fixation
	neurons, activated during the initial instruction period (i.e., after
	the instruction cue but before the stimulus) always fired more on
	antisaccade than on prosaccade trials. This trend, however, was statistically
	significant for only half of these neurons. We conclude that the
	SEF is critically involved in the production of antisaccades.},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00138.2003},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Amador, Schlag-Rey, Schlag - 2004 - Primate antisaccade. II. Supplementary eye field neuronal activity predicts correct performance.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0022-3077},
  keywords = {Animals,Eye Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,Female,Fixation,Macaca,Movement,Movement:
	physiology,Neurons,Neurons: classification,Neurons: physiology,Ocular,Ocular:
	physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Primates,Primates:
	physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reward,SEF,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Time Factors,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: cytology,Visual
	Cortex: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,Visual
	Perception,Visual Perception: physiology,ephys},
  mendeley-tags = {SEF,ephys},
  pmid = {14645374},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645374}
}

@ARTICLE{AmadorSchlag-ReySchlag98,
  author = {Amador, N and Schlag-Rey, M and Schlag, J},
  title = {{Primate antisaccades. I. Behavioral characteristics.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {80},
  pages = {1775--86},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {The antisaccade task requires a subject to make a saccade to an unmarked
	location opposite to a flashed stimulus. This task was originally
	designed to study saccades made to a goal specified by instructions.
	Interest for this paradigm surged after the discovery that frontal
	lobe lesions specifically and severely affect human performance of
	antisaccades while prosaccades (i.e., saccades directed to the visual
	stimulus) are facilitated. Training monkeys to perform antisaccades
	was rarely attempted in the past, and this study is the first one
	that describes in detail the properties of such antisaccades compared
	with randomly intermingled prosaccades of varying amplitude in all
	directions. Such randomization was found essential to force the monkeys
	to use the instruction cue (pro- or anti-) and the location cue (peripheral
	stimulus) provided within a trial rather than to direct their saccades
	to the location of past rewards. Each trial began with the onset
	of a central fixation target that conveyed by its shape the instruction
	to make a pro- or an antisaccade to a subsequent peripheral stimulus.
	In one version of the task, the monkey was allowed to make an immediate
	saccade to the goal; in a second version, the saccade had to wait
	for a go signal. Analyses of the accuracy, velocity, and latency
	of antisaccades compared with prosaccades were performed on a sample
	of 7,430 pro-/antisaccades in the "immediate saccade" task (delayed
	saccades suffering from known distortions). Error rates fluctuated
	approximately 25\%. Results were the same for the two monkeys with
	respect to accuracy and velocity, but they differed in terms of reaction
	time. Both monkeys generated antisaccades to stimuli in all directions,
	at various eccentricities, but antisaccades were significantly less
	accurate and slower than prosaccades elicited by the same stimuli.
	Interestingly, saccades to the stimulus could be followed by appropriate
	antisaccades with no intersaccadic interval. Such instances are here
	referred to as "turnaround saccades." Because they occurred sometimes
	with a long latency, turnaround saccades did not simply reflect the
	cancellation of an early foveation reflex. Consistent with human
	data, latencies of one monkey were longer for antisaccades than for
	prosaccades, but the reverse was true for the other monkey who was
	trained differently. In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility
	of providing a subhuman primate model of antisaccade performance,
	but at the same time it suggests some irreducible differences between
	human and monkey performance.},
  issn = {0022-3077},
  keywords = {Animals,Behavior, Animal,Behavior, Animal: physiology,Macaca mulatta,Macaca
	nemestrina,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Primates,Primates:
	physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,antisaccade,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade,response inhibition},
  pmid = {9772238},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9772238}
}

@ARTICLE{AmemoriGibbGraybiel11,
  author = {Amemori, Ken-Ichi and Gibb, Leif G and Graybiel, Ann M},
  title = {{Shifting responsibly: the importance of striatal modularity to reinforcement
	learning in uncertain environments.}},
  journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {47},
  number = {May},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {We propose here that the modular organization of the striatum reflects
	a context-sensitive modular learning architecture in which clustered
	striosome-matrisome domains participate in modular reinforcement
	learning (RL). Based on anatomical and physiological evidence, it
	has been suggested that the modular organization of the striatum
	could represent a learning architecture. There is not, however, a
	coherent view of how such a learning architecture could relate to
	the organization of striatal outputs into the direct and indirect
	pathways of the basal ganglia, nor a clear formulation of how such
	a modular architecture relates to the RL functions attributed to
	the striatum. Here, we hypothesize that striosome-matrisome modules
	not only learn to bias behavior toward specific actions, as in standard
	RL, but also learn to assess their own relevance to the environmental
	context and modulate their own learning and activity on this basis.
	We further hypothesize that the contextual relevance or "responsibility"
	of modules is determined by errors in predictions of environmental
	features and that such responsibility is assigned by striosomes and
	conveyed to matrisomes via local circuit interneurons. To examine
	these hypotheses and to identify the general requirements for realizing
	this architecture in the nervous system, we developed a simple modular
	RL model. We then constructed a network model of basal ganglia circuitry
	that includes these modules and the direct and indirect pathways.
	Based on simple assumptions, this model suggests that while the direct
	pathway may promote actions based on striatal action values, the
	indirect pathway may act as a gating network that facilitates or
	suppresses behavioral modules on the basis of striatal responsibility
	signals. Our modeling functionally unites the modular compartmental
	organization of the striatum with the direct-indirect pathway divisions
	of the basal ganglia, a step that we suggest will have important
	clinical implications.},
  doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2011.00047},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Amemori, Gibb, Graybiel - 2011 - Shifting responsibly the importance of striatal modularity to reinforcement learning in uncertain environments.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1662-5161},
  keywords = {acetylcholine,basal ganglia,basal ganglia, striatum, striosome and
	matrix comp,direct and indirect pathways,mixture of experts,modular
	reinforcement learning,responsibility signal,striatum,striosome and
	matrix compartments},
  pmid = {21660099},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3105240\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{America,
  author = {America, Bank},
  title = {{Customer Service Information www.bankofamerica.com}},
  journal = {Banking},
  pages = {2--5},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/America - Unknown - Customer Service Information www.bankofamerica.com.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Ampk09,
  author = {Ampk, Although},
  title = {{How Good Are Neuron Models?}},
  journal = {October},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {326},
  pages = {379--380},
  number = {October},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ampk - 2009 - How Good Are Neuron Models.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Andreasen07,
  author = {Andreasen, NC},
  title = {{DSM and the death of phenomenology in America: an example of unintended
	consequences}},
  journal = {Schizophrenia Bulletin},
  year = {2007},
  url = {http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/1/108.short}
}

@ARTICLE{AndrieuFreitasDoucetEtAl03,
  author = {Andrieu, C and Freitas, N De and Doucet, A and Jordan, MI},
  title = {{An introduction to MCMC for machine learning}},
  journal = {Machine learning},
  year = {2003},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/xh62794161k70540.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Antoniak74,
  author = {Antoniak, CE},
  title = {{Mixtures of Dirichlet processes with applications to Bayesian nonparametric
	problems}},
  journal = {The annals of statistics},
  year = {1974},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2958336}
}

@ARTICLE{Aragona09,
  author = {Aragona, Massimiliano},
  title = {{The Role of Comorbidity in the Crisis of the Current Psychiatric
	Classification System}},
  journal = {Philosophy, Psychiatry, \& Psychology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {1--11},
  number = {1},
  doi = {10.1353/ppp.0.0211},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Aragona - 2009 - The Role of Comorbidity in the Crisis of the Current Psychiatric Classification System.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1086-3303},
  keywords = {classification,co-occurrence,diagnosis,multiple,nosography,nosology,taxonomy},
  url = {http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/philosophy\_psychiatry\_and\_psychology/v016/16.1.aragona.html}
}

@ARTICLE{Aron11,
  author = {Aron, Adam R},
  title = {{From reactive to proactive and selective control: developing a richer
	model for stopping inappropriate responses.}},
  journal = {Biological psychiatry},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {e55--68},
  number = {12},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {A better understanding of the neural systems underlying impulse control
	is important for psychiatry. Although most impulses are motivational
	or emotional rather than motoric per se, it is research into the
	neural architecture of motor response control that has made the greatest
	strides. This article reviews recent developments in the cognitive
	neuroscience of stopping responses. Most research of this kind has
	focused on reactive control-that is, how subjects stop a response
	outright when instructed by a signal. It is argued that reactive
	paradigms are limited as models of control relevant to psychiatry.
	Instead, a set of paradigms is advocated that begins to model proactive
	inhibitory control-that is, how a subject prepares to stop an upcoming
	response tendency. Proactive inhibitory control is generated according
	to the goals of the subject rather than by an external signal, and
	it can be selectively targeted at a particular response tendency.
	This may have wider validity than reactive control as an experimental
	model for stopping inappropriate responses.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( From reactive to proactive and selective control:
	developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses. -
	Aron, Adam R )




	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.024},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Aron - 2011 - From reactive to proactive and selective control developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Aron - 2011 - From reactive to proactive and selective control developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses(2).pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-2402},
  keywords = {basal ganglia,cognitive control,executive function,impulse control,prefrontal
	cortex,response inhibition,working},
  pmid = {20932513},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20932513 http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3039712\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{AronBehrensSmithEtAl07,
  author = {Aron, Adam R and Behrens, Tim E and Smith, Steve and Frank, Michael
	J and Poldrack, Russell a},
  title = {{Triangulating a cognitive control network using diffusion-weighted
	magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {3743--52},
  number = {14},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {The ability to stop motor responses depends critically on the right
	inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and also engages a midbrain region
	consistent with the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Here we used diffusion-weighted
	imaging (DWI) tractography to show that the IFC and the STN region
	are connected via a white matter tract, which could underlie a "hyperdirect"
	pathway for basal ganglia control. Using a novel method of "triangulation"
	analysis of tractography data, we also found that both the IFC and
	the STN region are connected with the presupplementary motor area
	(preSMA). We hypothesized that the preSMA could play a conflict detection/resolution
	role within a network between the preSMA, the IFC, and the STN region.
	A second experiment tested this idea with functional magnetic resonance
	imaging (fMRI) using a conditional stop-signal paradigm, enabling
	examination of behavioral and neural signatures of conflict-induced
	slowing. The preSMA, IFC, and STN region were significantly activated
	the greater the conflict-induced slowing. Activation corresponded
	strongly with spatial foci predicted by the DWI tract analysis, as
	well as with foci activated by complete response inhibition. The
	results illustrate how tractography can reveal connections that are
	verifiable with fMRI. The results also demonstrate a three-way functional-anatomical
	network in the right hemisphere that could either brake or completely
	stop responses.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0519-07.2007},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Aron et al. - 2007 - Triangulating a cognitive control network using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping: methods,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Diffusion
	Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging:
	methods,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Magnetic Resonance
	Imaging: methods,Male,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic
	Stimulation: methods,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance:
	physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology},
  pmid = {17409238},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17409238}
}

@ARTICLE{Article10,
  author = {Article, Original},
  title = {{r P Fo r R ev ie w On Fo r R iew On ly}},
  journal = {Electrical Engineering},
  year = {2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Article - 2010 - r P Fo r R ev ie w On Fo r R iew On ly.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {ccos,com,http,manuscriptcentral,mc,url}
}

@ARTICLE{Articles11,
  author = {Articles, Original},
  title = {{r Fo Pe er Re vi ew Fo r P ee r R}},
  journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
  year = {2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Articles - 2011 - r Fo Pe er Re vi ew Fo r P ee r R.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{AvellanedaLee08,
  author = {Avellaneda, Marco and Lee, Jeong-Hyun},
  title = {{Statistical Arbitrage in the U.S. Equities Market}},
  journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {49--51},
  number = {i},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1153505},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Avellaneda, Lee - 2008 - Statistical Arbitrage in the U.S. Equities Market.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  url = {http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=1153505}
}

@ARTICLE{Azevedo-filhoShachter94,
  author = {Azevedo-filho, Adriano and Shachter, Ross D},
  title = {{Laplace ’ s Method Approximations for Probabilistic Inference
	in Belief Networks with Continuous Variables}},
  year = {1994},
  pages = {28--36},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Azevedo-filho, Shachter - 1994 - Laplace ’ s Method Approximations for Probabilistic Inference in Belief Networks with Continuous Variables.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{BadcockMichieJohnson02,
  author = {Badcock, JC and Michie, PT and Johnson, L},
  title = {{Acts of control in schizophrenia: dissociating the components of
	inhibition}},
  journal = {Psychological \ldots},
  year = {2002},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=99890}
}

@ARTICLE{Baddeley96,
  author = {Baddeley, A},
  title = {{Exploring the central executive}},
  journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: \ldots},
  year = {1996},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713755608}
}

@ARTICLE{Badre11,
  author = {Badre, David},
  title = {{Defining an ontology of cognitive control requires attention to
	component interactions.}},
  journal = {Topics in cognitive science},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {217--221},
  number = {2},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Cognitive control is not only componential, but those components may
	interact in complicated ways in the service of cognitive control
	tasks. This complexity poses a challenge for developing an ontological
	description, as the mapping may not be direct between our task descriptions
	and true component differences reflected in indicators. To illustrate
	this point, I discuss two examples: (i) the relationship between
	adaptive gating and working memory and (ii) the recent evidence for
	a control hierarchy. From these examples, I argue that an ontological
	program must simultaneously seek to identify component processes
	and their interactions within a broader processing architecture.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( Defining an ontology of cognitive control requires
	attention to component interactions. - Badre, David )




	 },
  doi = {10.1111/j.1756-8765.2011.01141.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Badre - 2011 - Defining an ontology of cognitive control requires attention to component interactions.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1756-8765},
  keywords = {a strength of cognitive,among psychological constructs are,and conversely
	whether constructs,are actually componential,cognitive control,distinctions,executive
	function,in the brain,in this,neuroscience is its ability,prefrontal
	cortex,supported by corresponding distinctions,thought to be unitary,to
	test whether proposed,working memory},
  pmid = {21666845},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3110702\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{BadryMimaAsoEtAl09,
  author = {Badry, Reda and Mima, Tatsuya and Aso, Toshihiko and Nakatsuka, Masahiro
	and Abe, Mitsunari and Fathi, Dina and Foly, Nageh and Nagiub, Hamdy
	and Nagamine, Takashi and Fukuyama, Hidenao},
  title = {{Suppression of human cortico-motoneuronal excitability during the
	Stop-signal task.}},
  journal = {Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International
	Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {120},
  pages = {1717--23},
  number = {9},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {To investigate whether motor suppression is an active process, and
	to clarify its somatotopic organization, we investigated cortico-motoneuronal
	excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during
	the Stop-signal task.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2009.06.027},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Badry et al. - 2009 - Suppression of human cortico-motoneuronal excitability during the Stop-signal task.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1872-8952},
  keywords = {Adult,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: physiology,Cues,Data Interpretation,
	Statistical,Electromyography,Electrophysiology,Evoked Potentials,
	Motor,Evoked Potentials, Motor: physiology,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional
	Laterality: physiology,Humans,Male,Motor Neurons,Motor Neurons: physiology,Muscle,
	Skeletal,Muscle, Skeletal: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Transcranial
	Magnetic Stimulation},
  pmid = {19683959},
  publisher = {International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19683959}
}

@ARTICLE{BallangerEimerenMoroEtAl09,
  author = {Ballanger, Benedicte and van Eimeren, Thilo and Moro, Elena and Lozano,
	Andres M and Hamani, Clement and Boulinguez, Philippe and Pellecchia,
	Giovanna and Houle, Sylvain and Poon, Yu Yan and Lang, Anthony E
	and Strafella, Antonio P},
  title = {{Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: release
	your horses.}},
  journal = {Annals of neurology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {817--24},
  number = {6},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {In Parkinson disease (PD) patients, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of
	the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may contribute to certain impulsive
	behavior during high-conflict decisions. A neurocomputational model
	of the basal ganglia has recently been proposed that suggests this
	behavioral aspect may be related to the role played by the STN in
	relaying a "hold your horses" signal intended to allow more time
	to settle on the best option. The aim of the present study was 2-fold:
	1) to extend these observations by providing evidence that the STN
	may influence and prevent the execution of any response even during
	low-conflict decisions; and 2) to identify the neural correlates
	of this effect.},
  doi = {10.1002/ana.21795},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ballanger et al. - 2009 - Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity release your horses.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1531-8249},
  keywords = {Aged,Brain Mapping,Cerebrovascular Circulation,Cerebrovascular Circulation:
	physiology,Choice Behavior,Choice Behavior: physiology,Deep Brain
	Stimulation,Deep Brain Stimulation: methods,Female,Humans,Impulsive
	Behavior,Impulsive Behavior: etiology,Impulsive Behavior: radionuclide
	imaging,Impulsive Behavior: therapy,Inhibition (Psychology),Male,Middle
	Aged,Neuropsychological Tests,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease:
	complications,Parkinson Disease: radionuclide imaging,Parkinson Disease:
	therapy,Positron-Emission Tomography,Positron-Emission Tomography:
	methods,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Severity of Illness
	Index,Statistics as Topic,Subthalamic Nucleus,Subthalamic Nucleus:
	physiology},
  pmid = {20035509},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2972250\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{Banasikowski,
  author = {{Banasikowski Tomek; Beninger}, Richard},
  title = {{Dopamine D1-Like Receptors are Critical for Haloperidol Conditioned
	Catalepsy in Rats}},
  journal = {International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Banasikowski Tomek Beninger - Unknown - Dopamine D1-Like Receptors are Critical for Haloperidol Conditioned Catalepsy in Rats.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {best reflect the research,enter up to 5,keywords that,minimum 3,reported
	in your paper}
}

@ARTICLE{BandMolenLogan03,
  author = {Band, G and van der Molen, M and Logan, G},
  title = {{Horse-race model simulations of the stop-signal procedure}},
  journal = {Acta Psychologica},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {112},
  pages = {105--142},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {In the stop-signal paradigm, subjects perform a standard two-choice
	reaction task in which, occasionally and unpredictably, a stop-signal
	is presented requiring the inhibition of the response to the choice
	signal. The stop-signal paradigm has been successfully applied to
	assess the ability to inhibit under a wide range of experimental
	conditions and in various populations. The current study presents
	a set of evidence-based guidelines for using the stop-signal paradigm.
	The evidence was derived from a series of simulations aimed at (a)
	examining the effects of experimental design features on inhibition
	indices, and (b) testing the assumptions of the horse-race model
	that underlies the stop-signal paradigm. The simulations indicate
	that, under most conditions, the latency, but not variability, of
	response inhibition can be reliably estimated.},
  doi = {10.1016/S0001-6918(02)00079-3},
  issn = {00016918},
  keywords = {response inhibition,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition,stop-signal},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(02)00079-3 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0001691802000793}
}

@ARTICLE{BansalStaibLaineEtAl12,
  author = {Bansal, Ravi and Staib, Lawrence H. and Laine, Andrew F. and Hao,
	Xuejun and Xu, Dongrong and Liu, Jun and Weissman, Myrna and Peterson,
	Bradley S.},
  title = {{Anatomical Brain Images Alone Can Accurately Diagnose Chronic Neuropsychiatric
	Illnesses}},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {e50698},
  number = {12},
  month = dec,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0050698},
  editor = {Zhan, Wang},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050698}
}

@ARTICLE{BarceloEsceraCorralEtAl06,
  author = {Barcelo, Francisco and Escera, Carles and Corral, Maria J and Peri\'{a}\~{n}ez,
	Jose A},
  title = {{Task switching and novelty processing activate a common neural network
	for cognitive control.}},
  journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {1734--48},
  number = {10},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {The abrupt onset of a novel event captures attention away from, and
	disrupts, ongoing task performance. Less obvious is that intentional
	task switching compares with novelty-induced behavioral distraction.
	Here we explore the hypothesis that intentional task switching and
	attentional capture by a novel distracter both activate a common
	neural network involved in processing contextual novelty [Barcelo,
	F., Peri\'{a}\~{n}ez, J. A., \& Knight, R. T. Think differently:
	A brain orienting response to task novelty. NeuroReport, 13, 1887-1892,
	2002.]. Event-related potentials were recorded in two task-cueing
	paradigms while 16 subjects sorted cards following either two (color
	or shape; two-task condition) or three (color, shape, or number;
	three-task condition) rules of action. Each card was preceded by
	a familiar tone cueing the subject either to switch or to repeat
	the previous rule. Novel sound distracters were interspersed in one
	of two blocks of trials in each condition. Both novel sounds and
	task-switch cues impaired responses to the following visual target.
	Novel sounds elicited novelty P3 potentials with their usual peak
	latency and frontal-central scalp distribution. Familiar tonal switch
	cues in the three- and two-task conditions elicited brain potentials
	with a similar latency and morphology as the novelty P3, but with
	relatively smaller amplitudes over frontal scalp regions. Covariance
	and principal component analyses revealed a sustained frontal negative
	potential that was distorting concurrent novelty P3 activity to the
	tonal switch cues. When this frontal negativity was statistically
	removed, P3 potentials to novel sounds and task-switch cues showed
	similar scalp topographies. The degree of activation in the novelty
	P3 network seemed to be a function of the information (entropy) conveyed
	by the eliciting stimulus for response selection, over and above
	its relative novelty, probability of occurrence, task relevance,
	or feedback value. We conclude that novelty P3 reflects transient
	activation in a neural network involved in updating task set information
	for goal-directed action selection and might thus constitute one
	key element in a central bottleneck for attentional control.},
  doi = {10.1162/jocn.2006.18.10.1734},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Barcelo et al. - 2006 - Task switching and novelty processing activate a common neural network for cognitive control.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0898-929X},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Adult,Attention,Attention: physiology,Cognition,Cognition:
	physiology,Cues,Data Interpretation, Statistical,Electroencephalography,Event-Related
	Potentials, P300,Event-Related Potentials, P300: physiology,Evoked
	Potentials,Evoked Potentials: physiology,Female,Humans,Male,Nerve
	Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Neuropsychological Tests,Principal Component
	Analysis,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,oddball,slowing},
  language = {en},
  mendeley-tags = {oddball,slowing},
  pmid = {17014377},
  publisher = {MIT Press 238 Main St., Suite 500, Cambridge, MA 02142-1046USA journals-info@mit.edu},
  url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.10.1734}
}

@ARTICLE{BarchCeaser11,
  author = {Barch, Deanna M. and Ceaser, Alan},
  title = {{Cognition in schizophrenia: core psychological and neural mechanisms}},
  journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {27--34},
  number = {1},
  month = dec,
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.015},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Barch, Ceaser - 2011 - Cognition in schizophrenia core psychological and neural mechanisms.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {13646613},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364661311002488}
}

@ARTICLE{BarnesKubotaHuEtAl05,
  author = {Barnes, Terra D and Kubota, Yasuo and Hu, Dan and Jin, Dezhe Z and
	Graybiel, Ann M},
  title = {{Activity of striatal neurons reflects dynamic encoding and recoding
	of procedural memories.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {437},
  pages = {1158--61},
  number = {7062},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Learning to perform a behavioural procedure as a well-ingrained habit
	requires extensive repetition of the behavioural sequence, and learning
	not to perform such behaviours is notoriously difficult. Yet regaining
	a habit can occur quickly, with even one or a few exposures to cues
	previously triggering the behaviour. To identify neural mechanisms
	that might underlie such learning dynamics, we made long-term recordings
	from multiple neurons in the sensorimotor striatum, a basal ganglia
	structure implicated in habit formation, in rats successively trained
	on a reward-based procedural task, given extinction training and
	then given reacquisition training. The spike activity of striatal
	output neurons, nodal points in cortico-basal ganglia circuits, changed
	markedly across multiple dimensions during each of these phases of
	learning. First, new patterns of task-related ensemble firing successively
	formed, reversed and then re-emerged. Second, task-irrelevant firing
	was suppressed, then rebounded, and then was suppressed again. These
	changing spike activity patterns were highly correlated with changes
	in behavioural performance. We propose that these changes in task
	representation in cortico-basal ganglia circuits represent neural
	equivalents of the explore-exploit behaviour characteristic of habit
	learning.},
  annote = {Early in learning, striatal neurons fire throughout (exploration).
	After acquisition, expert neurons fire at the beginning and end (exploitation,
	chunking?). During extinction exploration seems to reoccur.},
  doi = {10.1038/nature04053},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Barnes et al. - 2005 - Activity of striatal neurons reflects dynamic encoding and recoding of procedural memories.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Basal
	Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: cytology,Basal Ganglia: physiology,Behavior,
	Animal,Behavior, Animal: physiology,Cues,Extinction, Psychological,Extinction,
	Psychological: physiology,Habits,Maze Learning,Maze Learning: physiology,Memory,Memory:
	physiology,Neuronal Plasticity,Neuronal Plasticity: physiology,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Rats,Reward},
  pmid = {16237445},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16237445}
}

@ARTICLE{BarthelmeChopin11,
  author = {Barthelm\'{e}, Simon and Chopin, N.},
  title = {{ABC-EP: Expectation Propagation for Likelihood-free Bayesian Computation}},
  journal = {Machine Learning},
  year = {2011},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.icml-2011.org/papers/217\_icmlpaper.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{BaumgartnerKnochHotzEtAl11,
  author = {Baumgartner, Thomas and Knoch, Daria and Hotz, Philine and Eisenegger,
	Christoph and Fehr, Ernst},
  title = {{Dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex orchestrate normative
	choice}},
  journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1468--1474},
  number = {11},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2933},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited.
	All Rights Reserved.},
  shorttitle = {Nat Neurosci},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2933}
}

@ARTICLE{BeckerRinck04,
  author = {Becker, E and Rinck, M},
  title = {{Sensitivity and response bias in fear of spiders}},
  journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
  year = {2004},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02699930341000329}
}

@ARTICLE{BehnelBradshawCitroEtAl11,
  author = {Behnel, Stefan and Bradshaw, Robert and Citro, Craig and Dalcin,
	Lisandro and Seljebotn, Dag Sverre and Smith, Kurt},
  title = {{Cython: The Best of Both Worlds}},
  journal = {Computing in Science \& Engineering},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {31--39},
  number = {2},
  month = mar,
  doi = {10.1109/MCSE.2010.118},
  issn = {1521-9615},
  keywords = {C language,Cython,Cython language,Fortran code,Python,Python language
	extension,numerical analysis,numerical loops,numerics,programming
	language,scientific computing},
  language = {English},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=5582062\&contentType=Journals+\&+Magazines}
}

@ARTICLE{BellgroveChambersVance06,
  author = {Bellgrove, MA and Chambers, CD and Vance, A},
  title = {{Lateralized deficit of response inhibition in early-onset schizophrenia}},
  journal = {Psychological \ldots},
  year = {2006},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=361109}
}

@ARTICLE{BensonBeedieShephardEtAl12,
  author = {Benson, Philip J and Beedie, Sara a and Shephard, Elizabeth and Giegling,
	Ina and Rujescu, Dan and {St Clair}, David},
  title = {{Simple Viewing Tests Can Detect Eye Movement Abnormalities That
	Distinguish Schizophrenia Cases from Controls with Exceptional Accuracy.}},
  journal = {Biological psychiatry},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {716--724},
  number = {9},
  month = may,
  abstract = {BACKGROUND: We have investigated which eye-movement tests alone and
	combined can best discriminate schizophrenia cases from control subjects
	and their predictive validity. METHODS: A training set of 88 schizophrenia
	cases and 88 controls had a range of eye movements recorded; the
	predictive validity of the tests was then examined on eye-movement
	data from 34 9-month retest cases and controls, and from 36 novel
	schizophrenia cases and 52 control subjects. Eye movements were recorded
	during smooth pursuit, fixation stability, and free-viewing tasks.
	Group differences on performance measures were examined by univariate
	and multivariate analyses. Model fitting was used to compare regression,
	boosted tree, and probabilistic neural network approaches. RESULTS:
	As a group, schizophrenia cases differed from control subjects on
	almost all eye-movement tests, including horizontal and Lissajous
	pursuit, visual scanpath, and fixation stability; fixation dispersal
	during free viewing was the best single discriminator. Effects were
	stable over time, and independent of sex, medication, or cigarette
	smoking. A boosted tree model achieved perfect separation of the
	88 training cases from 88 control subjects; its predictive validity
	on retest assessments and novel cases and control subjects was 87.8\%.
	However, when we examined the whole data set of 298 assessments,
	a cross-validated probabilistic neural network model was superior
	and could discriminate all cases from controls with near perfect
	accuracy at 98.3\%. CONCLUSIONS: Simple viewing patterns can detect
	eye-movement abnormalities that can discriminate schizophrenia cases
	from control subjects with exceptional accuracy.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.019},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Benson et al. - 2012 - Simple Viewing Tests Can Detect Eye Movement Abnormalities That Distinguish Schizophrenia Cases from Controls with Exceptional Accuracy.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-2402},
  keywords = {1,abnormal eye movements were,classification,eye-movement phenotype,in
	1908,lthough diefendorf and dodge,neural net-,of,predictive model,present
	in a proportion,reported that,risk marker,schizophrenia,work},
  pmid = {22621999},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22621999}
}

@ARTICLE{BernheimerBirkmayerHornykiewiczEtAl73,
  author = {Bernheimer, H and Birkmayer, W and Hornykiewicz, O and Jellinger,
	K and Seitelberger, F},
  title = {{Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington Clinical,
	morphological and neurochemical correlations☆}},
  journal = {Journal of the Neurological Sciences},
  year = {1973},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {415--455},
  number = {4},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {A clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlative study in patients
	with Parkinson's syndrome and Huntington's chorea is reported. In
	the former group of patients, 69 brains were examined morphologically
	and 28 biochemically; in the latter group, 4 brains were examined
	morphologically and 14 biochemically. The results were as follows:
	(1) The main morphological alteration common to all forms of Parkinsonism
	was damage to the substantia nigra with a loss of the melanin-containing
	nerve cells in the zona compacta; the degree and pattern of this
	cell loss varied in a manner characteristic of the different forms
	of Parkinsonism. (2) Neurochemically, Parkinson's syndrome was characterized
	by a decrease in the concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite
	homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)
	and pallidum. (3) A satisfactory positive correlation could be established
	between the degree of cell loss in the zona compacta of the substantia
	nigra and the disturbance of DA metabolism in the nuclei of the basal
	ganglia. (4) The nosological classification of Parkinson's syndrome
	(based on clinical and morphological criteria) into 3 main groups,
	viz. postencephalitic, idiopathic and “arteriosclerotic”-senile,
	was supported by distinct, though not in all cases statistically
	significant, differences in the degree of disturbance of striatal
	DA metabolism. (5) In general, mild Parkinsonism, just manifest clinically,
	was associated with a disproportionately high degree of striatal
	DA deficiency. From this it was concluded that: (a) clinically manifest
	Parkinsonism represents the late, “decompensated”, stage of a
	disease characterized by a progressive striatal DA deficiency; and
	(b) the striatum can compensate functionally for lower degrees of
	DA deficiency. (6) Positive correlations could be established, within
	a certain range, between the severity of individual Parkinsonian
	symptoms (especially akinesia and tremor) and (a) the degree, and
	also the site, of the disturbance of DA metabolism within the nuclei
	of the basal ganglia; and (b) the sensitivity of the patients to
	levodopa's acute anti-akinesia effect. The latter observation was
	interpreted as suggesting that in Parkinsonism there exists a supersensitivity
	(probably of the “denervation type”) of striatal receptors to
	DA. (7) Based on the correlations, levodopa therapy can be regarded
	as a specific, though probably predominantly symptomatic, treatment
	of the main extrapyramidal symptoms of Parkinson's syndrome. (8)
	In Huntington's chorea the concentrations of DA and HVA in the putamen,
	pallidum and substantia nigra showed no significant deviation from
	control values; however in the caudate nucleus there was a small
	but statistically significant reduction in the levels of these compounds
	(9). The possible functional significance of the observed correlations
	for the pathophysiology of disorders of the basal ganglia such as
	the diseases of Parkinson and Huntington is discussed.},
  doi = {10.1016/0022-510X(73)90175-5},
  issn = {0022510X},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(73)90175-5}
}

@ARTICLE{BertoluzzoCorazza,
  author = {Bertoluzzo, Francesco and Corazza, Marco},
  title = {{Making Financial Trading by Recurrent Reinforcement Learning}},
  pages = {1--8},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bertoluzzo, Corazza - Unknown - Making Financial Trading by Recurrent Reinforcement Learning.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{BestBerghmansHuntEtAl08,
  author = {Best, Jonathan D and Berghmans, St\'{e}phane and Hunt, Julia J F
	G and Clarke, Samantha C and Fleming, Angeleen and Goldsmith, Paul
	and Roach, Alan G},
  title = {{Non-associative learning in larval zebrafish.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College
	of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {1206--15},
  number = {5},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Habituation, where a response is reduced when exposed to a continuous
	stimulus is one of the simplest forms of non-associative learning
	and has been shown in a number of organisms from sea slugs to rodents.
	However, very little has been reported in the zebrafish, a model
	that is gaining popularity for high-throughput compound screens.
	Furthermore, since most of the studies involving learning and memory
	in zebrafish have been conducted in adults, we sought to determine
	if zebrafish larvae could display non-associative learning and whether
	it could be modulated by compounds identified in previous rodent
	studies. We demonstrated that zebrafish larvae (7 days post fertilization)
	exhibit iterative reduction in a startle response to a series of
	acoustic stimuli. Furthermore, this reduction satisfied criteria
	for habituation: spontaneous recovery, more rapid reductions in startle
	to shorter intertrial intervals and dishabituation. We then investigated
	the pathways mediating this behavior using established compounds
	in learning and memory. Administration of rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor),
	donepezil (acetylcholinesterase inhibitor), and memantine (N-methyl-D-aspartic
	acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist) all increased the acoustic startle
	response and decreased habituation in the larvae, similar to previous
	rodent studies. Further studies demonstrated that NMDA blocked the
	memantine response and the effect of donepezil was blocked by mecamylamine
	but not atropine suggesting that the donepezil response was mediated
	by nicotinic rather than muscarinic receptors. Zebrafish larvae possess
	numerous advantages for medium to high-throughput screening; the
	model described herein therefore offers the potential to screen for
	additional compounds for further study on cognition function.},
  doi = {10.1038/sj.npp.1301489},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Best et al. - 2008 - Non-associative learning in larval zebrafish.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0893-133X},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Acoustic Stimulation: methods,Age Factors,Analysis
	of Variance,Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Area Under Curve,Behavior,Dose-Response
	Relationship,Drug,Enzyme Inhibitors,Enzyme Inhibitors: administration
	\& dosage,Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists,Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists:
	pharmacology,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists,Excitatory Amino Acid
	Antagonists: pharmacology,Habituation,Inhibition (Psychology),Larva,Larva:
	physiology,Memantine,Memantine: pharmacology,N-Methylaspartate,N-Methylaspartate:
	pharmacology,Psychophysiologic,Radiation,Startle Reaction,Startle
	Reaction: drug effects,Startle Reaction: physiology,Zebrafish},
  pmid = {17581529},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17581529}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{BethgeWieckiWichmann07,
  author = {Bethge, Matthias and Wiecki, T.V. and Wichmann, F.A.},
  title = {{The independent components of natural images are perceptually dependent}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SPIE},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {6492},
  pages = {A1--A12},
  publisher = {Citeseer},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bethge, Wiecki, Wichmann - 2007 - The independent components of natural images are perceptually dependent.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.71.7019\&amp;rep=rep1\&amp;type=pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{BissettLogan11,
  author = {Bissett, Patrick G and Logan, Gordon D},
  title = {{Post-stop-signal slowing: Strategies dominate reflexes and implicit
	learning.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance},
  year = {2011},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {Control adjustments are necessary to balance competing cognitive demands.
	One task that is well-suited to explore control adjustments is the
	stop-signal paradigm, in which subjects must balance initiation and
	inhibition. One common adjustment in the stop-signal paradigm is
	post-stop-signal slowing. Existing models of sequential adjustments
	in the stop-signal paradigm suggest that post-stop-signal slowing
	may be based solely on the events of the previous trial, suggesting
	that post-stop-signal slowing is a reflexive byproduct of a stop
	signal. Alternatively, post-stop-signal slowing could be the result
	of implicit learning or strategic adjustment. The authors report
	three experiments that manipulated the probability of stop trial
	repetition and found that these contingencies eliminate, reverse,
	or greatly increase post-stop-signal slowing. When the contingency
	was not instructed or cued, modest adjustments of post-stop-signal
	slowing occurred, suggesting implicit learning. When the contingency
	was cued, performance adjustments occurred on the next trial, suggesting
	that strategies dominated post-stop-signal slowing. These results
	show that post-stop-signal slowing is not a reflexive byproduct of
	the stop signal. The large changes in strategy accompany large changes
	in task factors, suggesting that the modest post-stop-signal slowing
	usually observed may be a result of the relatively static task environment
	that does not encourage large strategic changes. (PsycINFO Database
	Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved).},
  doi = {10.1037/a0025429},
  issn = {1939-1277},
  pmid = {21895385},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21895385}
}

@ARTICLE{BleiJordan06,
  author = {Blei, David M. and Jordan, Michael I},
  title = {{Variational Inference for Dirichlet Process Mixtures}},
  journal = {Bayesian Analysis},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {121--144},
  number = {1},
  doi = {10.1214/06-BA104},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Blei, Jordan - 2006 - Variational Inference for Dirichlet Process Mixtures.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1931-6690},
  keywords = {bayesian computation,dirichlet processes,hierarchical models,image,processing,variational
	inference},
  url = {http://ba.stat.cmu.edu/journal/2006/vol01/issue01/blei.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{BlurtonKesselmeierGondan12,
  author = {Blurton, Steven P. and Kesselmeier, Miriam and Gondan, Matthias},
  title = {{Fast and accurate calculations for cumulative first-passage time
	distributions in Wiener diffusion models}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2012},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2012.09.002},
  file = {::},
  issn = {00222496},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022249612001009}
}

@ARTICLE{BoehlerAppelbaumKrebsEtAl11,
  author = {Boehler, Carsten N and Appelbaum, Lawrence G and Krebs, Ruth M and
	Chen, Ling-Chia and Woldorff, Marty G},
  title = {{The role of stimulus salience and attentional capture across the
	neural hierarchy in a stop-signal task.}},
  journal = {PloS one},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {e26386},
  number = {10},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Inhibitory motor control is a core function of cognitive control.
	Evidence from diverse experimental approaches has linked this function
	to a mostly right-lateralized network of cortical and subcortical
	areas, wherein a signal from the frontal cortex to the basal ganglia
	is believed to trigger motor-response cancellation. Recently, however,
	it has been recognized that in the context of typical motor-control
	paradigms those processes related to actual response inhibition and
	those related to the attentional processing of the relevant stimuli
	are highly interrelated and thus difficult to distinguish. Here,
	we used fMRI and a modified Stop-signal task to specifically examine
	the role of perceptual and attentional processes triggered by the
	different stimuli in such tasks, thus seeking to further distinguish
	other cognitive processes that may precede or otherwise accompany
	the implementation of response inhibition. In order to establish
	which brain areas respond to sensory stimulation differences by rare
	Stop-stimuli, as well as to the associated attentional capture that
	these may trigger irrespective of their task-relevance, we compared
	brain activity evoked by Stop-trials to that evoked by Go-trials
	in task blocks where Stop-stimuli were to be ignored. In addition,
	region-of-interest analyses comparing the responses to these task-irrelevant
	Stop-trials, with those to typical relevant Stop-trials, identified
	separable activity profiles as a function of the task-relevance of
	the Stop-signal. While occipital areas were mostly blind to the task-relevance
	of Stop-stimuli, activity in temporo-parietal areas dissociated between
	task-irrelevant and task-relevant ones. Activity profiles in frontal
	areas, in turn, were activated mainly by task-relevant Stop-trials,
	presumably reflecting a combination of triggered top-down attentional
	influences and inhibitory motor-control processes.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0026386},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Boehler et al. - 2011 - The role of stimulus salience and attentional capture across the neural hierarchy in a stop-signal task.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  pmid = {22022611},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022611}
}

@ARTICLE{BogaczBrownMoehlisEtAl06,
  author = {Bogacz, Rafal and Brown, Eric and Moehlis, Jeff and Holmes, Philip
	and Cohen, Jonathan D},
  title = {{The physics of optimal decision making: a formal analysis of models
	of performance in two-alternative forced-choice tasks.}},
  journal = {Psychological review},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {113},
  pages = {700--65},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {In this article, the authors consider optimal decision making in two-alternative
	forced-choice (TAFC) tasks. They begin by analyzing 6 models of TAFC
	decision making and show that all but one can be reduced to the drift
	diffusion model, implementing the statistically optimal algorithm
	(most accurate for a given speed or fastest for a given accuracy).
	They prove further that there is always an optimal trade-off between
	speed and accuracy that maximizes various reward functions, including
	reward rate (percentage of correct responses per unit time), as well
	as several other objective functions, including ones weighted for
	accuracy. They use these findings to address empirical data and make
	novel predictions about performance under optimality.},
  doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.113.4.700},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0033-295X},
  keywords = {Choice Behavior,Coercion,DDM,Decision Making,Humans,Models,Physics,Physics:
	statistics \& numerical data,Psychological},
  mendeley-tags = {DDM},
  pmid = {17014301},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17014301}
}

@ARTICLE{BogaczMcClureLiEtAl07,
  author = {Bogacz, Rafal and McClure, Samuel M and Li, Jian and Cohen, Jonathan
	D and Montague, P Read},
  title = {{Short-term memory traces for action bias in human reinforcement
	learning.}},
  journal = {Brain research},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {1153},
  pages = {111--21},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Recent experimental and theoretical work on reinforcement learning
	has shed light on the neural bases of learning from rewards and punishments.
	One fundamental problem in reinforcement learning is the credit assignment
	problem, or how to properly assign credit to actions that lead to
	reward or punishment following a delay. Temporal difference learning
	solves this problem, but its efficiency can be significantly improved
	by the addition of eligibility traces (ET). In essence, ETs function
	as decaying memories of previous choices that are used to scale synaptic
	weight changes. It has been shown in theoretical studies that ETs
	spanning a number of actions may improve the performance of reinforcement
	learning. However, it remains an open question whether including
	ETs that persist over sequences of actions allows reinforcement learning
	models to better fit empirical data regarding the behaviors of humans
	and other animals. Here, we report an experiment in which human subjects
	performed a sequential economic decision game in which the long-term
	optimal strategy differed from the strategy that leads to the greatest
	short-term return. We demonstrate that human subjects' performance
	in the task is significantly affected by the time between choices
	in a surprising and seemingly counterintuitive way. However, this
	behavior is naturally explained by a temporal difference learning
	model which includes ETs persisting across actions. Furthermore,
	we review recent findings that suggest that short-term synaptic plasticity
	in dopamine neurons may provide a realistic biophysical mechanism
	for producing ETs that persist on a timescale consistent with behavioral
	observations.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.057},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bogacz et al. - 2007 - Short-term memory traces for action bias in human reinforcement learning.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0006-8993},
  keywords = {Bias (Epidemiology),DDM,Humans,Memory,Models,Neurological,Psychological,RL,Reinforcement
	(Psychology),Short-Term,Short-Term: physiology},
  mendeley-tags = {DDM,RL},
  pmid = {17459346},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17459346}
}

@ARTICLE{BompasSumner11,
  author = {Bompas, a. and Sumner, P.},
  title = {{Saccadic Inhibition Reveals the Timing of Automatic and Voluntary
	Signals in the Human Brain}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {12501--12512},
  number = {35},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2234-11.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bompas, Sumner - 2011 - Saccadic Inhibition Reveals the Timing of Automatic and Voluntary Signals in the Human Brain.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  keywords = {antisaccade,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade,response inhibition},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2234-11.2011}
}

@ARTICLE{BorsboomCramerSchmittmannEtAl11,
  author = {Borsboom, Denny and Cramer, Ang\'{e}lique O J and Schmittmann, Verena
	D and Epskamp, Sacha and Waldorp, Lourens J},
  title = {{The small world of psychopathology.}},
  journal = {PloS one},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {e27407},
  number = {11},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Mental disorders are highly comorbid: people having one disorder are
	likely to have another as well. We explain empirical comorbidity
	patterns based on a network model of psychiatric symptoms, derived
	from an analysis of symptom overlap in the Diagnostic and Statistical
	Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV).},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0027407},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Borsboom et al. - 2011 - The small world of psychopathology.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  keywords = {Computer Simulation,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disord,Humans,Information
	Services,Mental Disorders,Mental Disorders: diagnosis,Mental Disorders:
	psychology,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales,Psychopathology},
  pmid = {22114671},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3219664\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{BoucherPalmeriLoganEtAl07,
  author = {Boucher, Leanne and Palmeri, Thomas J and Logan, Gordon D and Schall,
	Jeffrey D},
  title = {{Inhibitory control in mind and brain: an interactive race model
	of countermanding saccades.}},
  journal = {Psychological review},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {114},
  pages = {376--97},
  number = {2},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {The stop-signal task has been used to study normal cognitive control
	and clinical dysfunction. Its utility is derived from a race model
	that accounts for performance and provides an estimate of the time
	it takes to stop a movement. This model posits a race between go
	and stop processes with stochastically independent finish times.
	However, neurophysiological studies demonstrate that the neural correlates
	of the go and stop processes produce movements through a network
	of interacting neurons. The juxtaposition of the computational model
	with the neural data exposes a paradox-how can a network of interacting
	units produce behavior that appears to be the outcome of an independent
	race? The authors report how a simple, competitive network can solve
	this paradox and provide an account of what is measured by stop-signal
	reaction time.},
  doi = {10.1037/0033-295X.114.2.376},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Boucher et al. - 2007 - Inhibitory control in mind and brain an interactive race model of countermanding saccades.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0033-295X},
  keywords = {Brain,Brain: physiology,Cognition,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Psychological,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Signal Detection,Stochastic Processes},
  pmid = {17500631},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17500631}
}

@ARTICLE{BoucherStuphornLoganEtAl07,
  author = {Boucher, Leanne and Stuphorn, Veit and Logan, Gordon D and Schall,
	Jeffrey D and Palmeri, Thomas J},
  title = {{Stopping eye and hand movements: are the processes independent?}},
  journal = {Perception \& psychophysics},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {785--801},
  number = {5},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {To explore how eye and hand movements are controlled in a stop task,
	we introduced effector uncertainty by instructing subjects to initiate
	and occasionally inhibit eye, hand, or eye + hand movements in response
	to a color-coded foveal or tone-coded auditory stop signal. Regardless
	of stop signal modality, stop signal reaction time was shorter for
	eye movements than for hand movements, but notably did not vary with
	knowledge about which movement to cancel. Most errors on eye + hand
	stopping trials were combined eye + hand movements. The probability
	and latency of signal respond eye and hand movements corresponded
	to predictions of Logan and Cowan's (1984) race model applied to
	each effector independently.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Boucher et al. - 2007 - Stopping eye and hand movements are the processes independent.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0031-5117},
  keywords = {Eye Movements,Hand,Hand: physiology,Humans,Movement,Movement: physiology,Reaction
	Time},
  pmid = {17929700},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17929700}
}

@ARTICLE{Bousquet,
  author = {Bousquet, Olivier},
  title = {{The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bousquet - Unknown - The Tradeoffs of Large Scale Learning.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{BoutonToddVurbicEtAl11,
  author = {Bouton, Mark E and Todd, Travis P and Vurbic, Drina and Winterbauer,
	Neil E},
  title = {{Renewal after the extinction of free operant behavior.}},
  journal = {Learning \& behavior},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {57--67},
  number = {1},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Four experiments were performed to explore the role of context in
	operant extinction. In all experiments, leverpressing in rats was
	first reinforced with food pellets on a variable interval 30-s schedule,
	then extinguished, and finally tested in the same and a different
	physical context. The experiments demonstrated a clear ABA renewal
	effect, a recovery of extinguished responding when conditioning,
	extinction, and testing occurred in contexts A, B, and A, respectively.
	They also demonstrated ABC renewal (where conditioning extinction
	and testing occurred in contexts A, B, and C) and, for the first
	time in operant conditioning, AAB renewal (where conditioning, extinction,
	and testing occurred in contexts A, A, and B). The latter two phenomena
	indicate that tests outside the extinction context are sufficient
	to cause a recovery of extinguished operant behavior and, thus, that
	operant extinction, like Pavlovian extinction, is relatively specific
	to the context in which it is learned. AAB renewal was not weakened
	by tripling the amount of extinction training. ABA renewal was stronger
	than AAB, but not merely because of context A's direct association
	with the reinforcer.},
  doi = {10.3758/s13420-011-0018-6},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bouton et al. - 2011 - Renewal after the extinction of free operant behavior.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {1543-4494},
  keywords = {Analysis of Variance,Animals,Conditioning, Operant,Conditioning, Operant:
	physiology,Extinction, Psychological,Extinction, Psychological: physiology,Female,Rats,Rats,
	Wistar,Reinforcement Schedule},
  pmid = {21279496},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3059840\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{BowlingHindmanDonnelly11,
  author = {Bowling, Alison C and Hindman, Emily a and Donnelly, James F},
  title = {{Prosaccade errors in the antisaccade task: differences between corrected
	and uncorrected errors and links to neuropsychological tests.}},
  journal = {Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation
	cerebrale},
  year = {2011},
  number = {Hallett 1978},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {The relations among spatial memory, Stroop-like colour-word subtests,
	and errors on antisaccade and memory-guided saccadic eye-movement
	trials for older and younger adults were tested. Two types of errors
	in the antisaccade task were identified: short latency prosaccade
	errors that were immediately corrected and longer latency uncorrected
	prosaccade errors. The age groups did not differ on percentages of
	either corrected or uncorrected errors, but the latency and time
	to correct prosaccade errors were shorter for younger than older
	adults. Uncorrected prosaccade errors correlated significantly with
	spatial memory accuracy and errors on the colour-word subtests, but
	neither of these neuropsychological indices correlated with corrected
	prosaccade errors. These findings suggest that uncorrected prosaccade
	errors may be a result of cognitive factors involving a failure to
	maintain the goal of the antisaccade task in working memory. In contrast,
	corrected errors may be a consequence of a fixation system involving
	an initial failure to inhibit a reflexive prosaccade but with active
	goal maintenance enabling correction to take place.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00221-011-2921-7},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bowling, Hindman, Donnelly - 2011 - Prosaccade errors in the antisaccade task differences between corrected and uncorrected errors and links to neuropsychological tests.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1432-1106},
  keywords = {ageing \'{a} antisaccades \'{a},goal-neglect,inhibition \'{a} memory-guided,prosaccade
	errors \'{a},saccades \'{a} stroop \'{a},spatial working memory \'{a}},
  pmid = {22057780},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22057780}
}

@ARTICLE{BrazdilDobsikMiklEtAl05,
  author = {Br\'{a}zdil, Milan and Dobs\'{\i}k, Martin and Mikl, Michal and Hlust\'{\i}k,
	Petr and Daniel, Pavel and Pazourkov\'{a}, Marta and Krupa, Petr
	and Rektor, Ivan},
  title = {{Combined event-related fMRI and intracerebral ERP study of an auditory
	oddball task.}},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {285--93},
  number = {1},
  month = may,
  abstract = {Event-related fMRI (efMRI) has been repeatedly used to seek the neural
	sources of endogenous event-related potentials (ERP). However, significant
	discrepancies exist between the efMRI data and the results of previously
	published intracranial ERP studies of oddball task. To evaluate the
	capacity of efMRI to define the sources of the P3 component of ERP
	within the human brain, both efMRI and intracerebral ERP recordings
	were performed in eight patients with intractable epilepsy (five
	males and three females) during their preoperative invasive video-EEG
	monitoring. An identical auditory oddball task with frequent and
	target stimuli was completed in two sessions. A total of 606 intracerebral
	sites were electrophysiologically investigated by means of depth
	electrodes. In accordance with the finding of multiple intracerebral
	generators of P3 potential, the target stimuli evoked MRI signal
	increase in multiple brain regions. However, regions with evident
	hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses overlapped only partially.
	P3 generators were always found within hemodynamic-active sites,
	if these sites were investigated by means of depth electrodes. On
	the other hand, unequivocal local sources of P3 potential were apparently
	also located outside the regions with a significant hemodynamic response
	(typically in mesiotemporal regions). Both methods should thus be
	viewed as mutually complementary in investigations of the spatial
	distribution of cortical and subcortical activation during oddball
	task.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.051},
  issn = {1053-8119},
  keywords = {Adult,Auditory Cortex,Auditory Cortex: physiology,Auditory Perception,Auditory
	Perception: physiology,Brain,Brain: physiology,Cerebrovascular Circulation,Cerebrovascular
	Circulation: physiology,Electrodes, Implanted,Electroencephalography,Electrophysiology,Epilepsy,Epilepsy:
	physiopathology,Evoked Potentials, Auditory,Evoked Potentials, Auditory:
	physiology,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Oxygen,Oxygen:
	blood},
  pmid = {15862229},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15862229}
}

@ARTICLE{BracegirdleBarber,
  author = {Bracegirdle, Chris and Barber, David},
  title = {{Bayesian Conditional Cointegration}},
  number = {d},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bracegirdle, Barber - Unknown - Bayesian Conditional Cointegration.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{BradshawCitroSeljebotn10,
  author = {Bradshaw, R and Citro, C and Seljebotn, DS},
  title = {{Cython: the best of both worlds}},
  journal = {CiSE 2011 Special Python Issue},
  year = {2010},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://wstein.org/tmp/stein-cise-comments-may22.pdf\#page=29}
}

@ARTICLE{BrittainWatkinsJoundiEtAl12,
  author = {Brittain, John-Stuart and Watkins, Kate E and Joundi, Raed A and
	Ray, Nicola J and Holland, Peter and Green, Alexander L and Aziz,
	Tipu Z and Jenkinson, Ned},
  title = {{A Role for the Subthalamic Nucleus in Response Inhibition during
	Conflict.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {13396--13401},
  number = {39},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key node in the network that supports
	response inhibition. It is suggested that the STN rapidly inhibits
	basal ganglia activity, to pause motor output during conflict until
	an appropriate motor plan is ready. Here, we recorded neural activity
	during a Stroop task from deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted
	in the human STN. We intended to determine whether cognitive psychological
	phenomena such as the Stroop effect can be explained via mechanisms
	of response inhibition involving the STN, or whether higher cognitive
	centers are alone responsible. We show stimulus-driven desychronization
	in the beta band (15-35 Hz) that lasts throughout the verbal response,
	in keeping with the idea that beta-band synchrony decreases to allow
	motor output to occur. During incongruent trials-in which response
	times were elongated due to the Stroop effect-a resynchronization
	was seen in the beta band before response. Crucially, in the incongruent
	trials during which the participant was unable to withhold the prepotent
	response, this resynchronization occurred after response onset. We
	suggest that this beta-band resynchronization pauses the motor system
	until conflict can be resolved.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2259-12.2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Brittain et al. - 2012 - A Role for the Subthalamic Nucleus in Response Inhibition during Conflict.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  pmid = {23015430},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23015430}
}

@ARTICLE{Bromberg-MartinHikosaka11,
  author = {Bromberg-Martin, Ethan S and Hikosaka, Okihide},
  title = {{Lateral habenula neurons signal errors in the prediction of reward
	information.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  number = {August},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Humans and animals have the ability to predict future events, which
	they cultivate by continuously searching their environment for sources
	of predictive information. However, little is known about the neural
	systems that motivate this behavior. We hypothesized that information-seeking
	is assigned value by the same circuits that support reward-seeking,
	such that neural signals encoding reward prediction errors (RPEs)
	include analogous information prediction errors (IPEs). To test this,
	we recorded from neurons in the lateral habenula, a nucleus that
	encodes RPEs, while monkeys chose between cues that provided different
	chances to view information about upcoming rewards. We found that
	a subpopulation of lateral habenula neurons transmitted signals resembling
	IPEs, responding when reward information was unexpectedly cued, delivered
	or denied. These signals evaluated information sources reliably,
	even when the monkey's decisions did not. These neurons could provide
	a common instructive signal for reward-seeking and information-seeking
	behavior.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2902},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bromberg-Martin, Hikosaka - 2011 - Lateral habenula neurons signal errors in the prediction of reward information.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1546-1726},
  pmid = {21857659},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21857659}
}

@ARTICLE{Bromberg-MartinMatsumotoHikosaka10,
  author = {Bromberg-Martin, Ethan S and Matsumoto, Masayuki and Hikosaka, Okihide},
  title = {{Distinct tonic and phasic anticipatory activity in lateral habenula
	and dopamine neurons.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {144--55},
  number = {1},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Dopamine has a crucial role in anticipation of motivational events.
	To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this process, we analyzed
	the activity of dopamine neurons and one of their major sources of
	input, neurons in the lateral habenula, while animals anticipated
	upcoming behavioral tasks. We found that lateral habenula and dopamine
	neurons anticipated tasks in two distinct manners. First, neurons
	encoded the timing distribution of upcoming tasks through gradual
	changes in their tonic activity. This tonic signal encoded rewarding
	tasks in preference to punishing tasks and was correlated with classic
	phasic coding of motivational value. Second, neurons transmitted
	a phasic signal marking the time when a task began. This phasic signal
	encoded rewarding and punishing tasks in similar manners, as though
	reflecting motivational salience. Our data suggest that the habenula-dopamine
	pathway motivates anticipation through a combination of tonic reward-related
	and phasic salience-related signals.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.016},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Bromberg-Martin, Matsumoto, Hikosaka - 2010 - Distinct tonic and phasic anticipatory activity in lateral habenula and dopamine neurons.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  pmid = {20624598},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2905384\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@BOOK{BrownBullockGrossberg04,
  title = {{How laminar frontal cortex and basal ganglia circuits interact to
	control planned and reactive saccades.}},
  year = {2004},
  author = {Brown, Joshua W and Bullock, Daniel and Grossberg, Stephen},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {471--510},
  month = may,
  abstract = {How does the brain learn to balance between reactive and planned behaviors?
	The basal ganglia (BG) and frontal cortex together allow animals
	to learn planned behaviors that acquire rewards when prepotent reactive
	behaviors are insufficient. This paper proposes a new model, called
	TELOS, to explain how laminar circuitry of the frontal cortex, exemplified
	by the frontal eye fields, interacts with the BG, thalamus, superior
	colliculus, and inferotemporal and parietal cortices to learn and
	perform reactive and planned eye movements. The model is formulated
	as fourteen computational hypotheses. These specify how strategy
	priming and action planning (in cortical layers III, Va and VI) are
	dissociated from movement execution (in layer Vb), how the BG help
	to choose among and gate competing plans, and how a visual stimulus
	may serve either as a movement target or as a discriminative cue
	to move elsewhere. The direct, indirect and hyperdirect pathways
	through the BG are shown to enable complex gating functions, including
	deferred execution of selected plans, and switching among alternative
	sensory-motor mappings. Notably, the model can learn and gate the
	use of a What-to-Where transformation that enables spatially invariant
	object representations to selectively excite spatially coded movement
	plans. Model simulations show how dopaminergic reward and non-reward
	signals guide monkeys to learn and perform saccadic eye movements
	in the fixation, single saccade, overlap, gap, and delay (memory-guided)
	saccade tasks. Model cell activation dynamics quantitatively simulate
	seventeen established types of dynamics exhibited by corresponding
	real cells during performance of these tasks.},
  booktitle = {Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural
	Network Society},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2003.08.006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Brown, Bullock, Grossberg - 2004 - How laminar frontal cortex and basal ganglia circuits interact to control planned and reactive saccades.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {0001401106},
  issn = {0893-6080},
  keywords = {Animals,Basal Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: physiology,Brain Mapping,Eye
	Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,Feedback,Frontal Lobe,Frontal
	Lobe: physiology,Learning,Learning: physiology,Models,Neural Networks
	(Computer),Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurological,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology},
  pmid = {15109680},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15109680}
}

@ARTICLE{BrownHeathcote08,
  author = {Brown, Scott D and Heathcote, Andrew},
  title = {{The simplest complete model of choice response time: linear ballistic
	accumulation.}},
  journal = {Cognitive psychology},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {153--78},
  number = {3},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {We propose a linear ballistic accumulator (LBA) model of decision
	making and reaction time. The LBA is simpler than other models of
	choice response time, with independent accumulators that race towards
	a common response threshold. Activity in the accumulators increases
	in a linear and deterministic manner. The simplicity of the model
	allows complete analytic solutions for choices between any number
	of alternatives. These solutions (and freely-available computer code)
	make the model easy to apply to both binary and multiple choice situations.
	Using data from five previously published experiments, we demonstrate
	that the LBA model successfully accommodates empirical phenomena
	from binary and multiple choice tasks that have proven difficult
	for other theoretical accounts. Our results are encouraging in a
	field beset by the tradeoff between complexity and completeness.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2007.12.002},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Brown, Heathcote - 2008 - The simplest complete model of choice response time linear ballistic accumulation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-5623},
  keywords = {Choice Behavior,Decision Making,Empirical Research,Humans,Linear Models,Models,
	Psychological,Reaction Time},
  pmid = {18243170},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18243170}
}

@ARTICLE{BrownRatcliffSmith06,
  author = {Brown, Scott D and Ratcliff, Roger and Smith, Philip L},
  title = {{Evaluating methods for approximating stochastic differential equations.}},
  journal = {Journal of mathematical psychology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {402--410},
  number = {4},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Models of decision making and response time (RT) are often formulated
	using stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Researchers often
	investigate these models using a simple Monte Carlo method based
	on Euler's method for solving ordinary differential equations. The
	accuracy of Euler's method is investigated and compared to the performance
	of more complex simulation methods. The more complex methods for
	solving SDEs yielded no improvement in accuracy over the Euler method.
	However, the matrix method proposed by Diederich and Busemeyer (2003)
	yielded significant improvements. The accuracy of all methods depended
	critically on the size of the approximating time step. The large
	( approximately 10 ms) step sizes often used by psychological researchers
	resulted in large and systematic errors in evaluating RT distributions.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2006.03.004},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Brown, Ratcliff, Smith - 2006 - Evaluating methods for approximating stochastic differential equations.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0022-2496},
  pmid = {18574521},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2435510\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{BuckholtzMeyer-Lindenberg12,
  author = {Buckholtz, Joshua W. and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas},
  title = {{Psychopathology and the Human Connectome: Toward a Transdiagnostic
	Model of Risk For Mental Illness}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {990--1004},
  number = {6},
  month = jun,
  annote = {This is the most relevant paper yet. Heavy focus on fMRI techniques
	but interspersed with extremely insightful and well written descriptions
	of the situation. Great references too.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.002},
  file = {::},
  issn = {08966273},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627312005144}
}

@ARTICLE{BuesingBillNesslerEtAl11,
  author = {Buesing, Lars and Bill, Johannes and Nessler, Bernhard and Maass,
	Wolfgang},
  title = {{Neural Dynamics as Sampling: A Model for Stochastic Computation
	in Recurrent Networks of Spiking Neurons}},
  journal = {PLoS Computational Biology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {e1002211},
  number = {11},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002211},
  editor = {Sporns, Olaf},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Buesing et al. - 2011 - Neural Dynamics as Sampling A Model for Stochastic Computation in Recurrent Networks of Spiking Neurons.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1553-7358},
  url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002211}
}

@ARTICLE{Burgess97,
  author = {Burgess, PW},
  title = {{Theory and methodology in executive function research}},
  journal = {Methodology of frontal and executive function},
  year = {1997},
  url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=L-q3q0XoOeEC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA79\&dq=Theory+and+methodology+in+executive+function+research\&ots=x16CN9B8wY\&sig=JYOOHw0IaSkBLhdrcMhsnVVFejU}
}

@ARTICLE{BurlePossamaiVidalEtAl02,
  author = {Burle, Bor\'{\i}s and Possama\"{\i}, Camille-Aim\'{e} and Vidal,
	Franck and Bonnet, Michel and Hasbroucq, Thierry},
  title = {{Executive control in the Simon effect: an electromyographic and
	distributional analysis.}},
  journal = {Psychological research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {324--36},
  number = {4},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Manual responses to lateralized stimuli are faster for spatially congruent
	stimulus-response associations than for incongruent associations,
	even if the stimulus location is irrelevant. This effect, however,
	decreases as reaction time increases. Recent data suggest that such
	a decrease reflects online, within-trial executive control. The present
	study was aimed at testing this hypothesis by analyzing the electromyographic
	activity of muscles involved in response execution. We focused on
	the particular trials in which an activation of the muscle involved
	to the incorrect response preceded the execution of the correct response.
	A sequential effect analysis, along with an analysis of the reaction
	time distributions, revealed that after such dual-activation trials,
	executive control was reinforced. In addition, a distribution analysis
	of the reaction times associated with such trials compared to the
	trials without incorrect activation, revealed online, within-trial
	changes in executive control. Arguments against a late motor locus
	of the effect of the irrelevant stimulus location are also provided.
	These results are discussed in terms of current models of cognitive
	control.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00426-002-0105-6},
  issn = {0340-0727},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Analysis of Variance,Choice Behavior,Choice Behavior:
	physiology,Electromyography,Female,Functional Laterality,Hand,Humans,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Male,Middle Aged,Muscle,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Skeletal,Skeletal:
	physiology},
  pmid = {12466929},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12466929}
}

@ARTICLE{BurleWildenbergRidderinkhof05,
  author = {Burle, Boris and Wildenberg, Wery Van Den and Ridderinkhof, K Richard},
  title = {{Dynamics of facilitation and interference in cue-priming and Simon
	tasks}},
  journal = {European Journal of Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {619--641},
  number = {5},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1080/09541440540000121},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Burle, Wildenberg, Ridderinkhof - 2005 - Dynamics of facilitation and interference in cue-priming and Simon tasks.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0954-1446},
  url = {http://www.informaworld.com/openurl?genre=article\&doi=10.1080/09541440540000121\&magic=crossref||D404A21C5BB053405B1A640AFFD44AE3}
}

@ARTICLE{CabelArmstrongReingoldEtAl00,
  author = {Cabel, D. W. J. and Armstrong, I. T. and Reingold, E. and Munoz,
	D. P.},
  title = {{[Without Title]}},
  journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {133},
  pages = {431 -- 441},
  number = {4},
  abstract = {; We examined inhibitory control in an oculomotor countermanding task,
	where the primary task required a saccadic eye movement be made to
	a target and a less-frequent secondary task required that the movement
	be halted. Previous studies have used a visual stimulus presented
	centrally on the fovea as the signal to stop or countermand a saccade.
	In these previous studies, there are at least two possible sources
	of saccadic inhibition: (1) sensory stimulation at the fovea can
	elicit a bottom-up mechanism, where a visual transient signal can
	delay or inhibit the developing saccade command; and (2) information
	based on the task instruction can be used to initiate a top-down
	mechanism to halt the movement. In the present study, we used both
	visual and auditory stop signals to test the hypothesis that the
	bottom-up mechanism is activated only after presentation of a foveal
	visual stop signal. Subjects were instructed first to look at a central
	spot and then to look to an eccentric visual target that appeared
	randomly to the left or right of center. On about one-third of the
	trials, a stop signal was presented. Three types of stop signals
	were used with equal probability: a broad-band noise burst (auditory),
	a central fixation spot (visual), and a combination of the auditory
	and visual stimuli (combined). Saccadic reaction time and stop-signal
	accuracy were used to calculate stop signal reaction time (SSRT),
	an estimate of the time required to inhibit the eye movement. Mean
	SSRT was longer for the auditory stop signals (201\&nbsp;ms) than
	for the signals with a foveal visual component (visual 113\&nbsp;ms;
	combined 91\&nbsp;ms). We conclude that a foveal visual stop signal
	in an oculomotor countermanding task changes the measure of inhibitory
	control to reflect not only inhibitory processes but also the sensory
	information afforded by stimulation at the fovea.},
  doi = {10.1007/s002210000440},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Cabel et al. - 2000 - Without Title.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/content/47tyu7n5wxpl6aec}
}

@ARTICLE{CaiOldenkampAron11,
  author = {Cai, Weidong and Oldenkamp, Caitlin L and Aron, Adam R},
  title = {{A proactive mechanism for selective suppression of response tendencies.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {5965--9},
  number = {16},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {While most research on stopping action examines how an initiated response
	is stopped when a signal occurs (i.e., reactively), everyday life
	also calls for a mechanism to prepare to stop a particular response
	tendency (i.e., proactively and selectively). We hypothesized that
	human subjects can prepare to stop a particular response by proactively
	suppressing that response representation in the brain. We tested
	this by using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and
	concurrent electromyography. This allowed us to interrogate the corticomotor
	excitability of specific response representations even before action
	ensued. We found that the motor evoked potential of the effector
	that might need to be stopped in the future was significantly reduced
	compared with when that effector was at rest. Further, this neural
	index of proactive and selective suppression predicted the subsequent
	selectivity with which the behavioral response was stopped. These
	results go further than earlier reports of reduced motor excitability
	when responses are stopped. They show that the control can be applied
	in advance (proactively) and also targeted at a particular response
	channel (selectively). This provides novel evidence for an active
	mechanism of suppression in the brain that is setup according to
	the subject's goals and even before action ensues.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6292-10.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Cai, Oldenkamp, Aron - 2011 - A proactive mechanism for selective suppression of response tendencies.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  pmid = {21508221},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3111595\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{Caldeira,
  author = {Caldeira, Jo\~{a}o F},
  title = {{Selection of a Portfolio of Pairs Based on Cointegration : The Brazilian
	Case}},
  pages = {1--11},
  number = {January 2005},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Caldeira - Unknown - Selection of a Portfolio of Pairs Based on Cointegration The Brazilian Case.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {cointegration,market neutral strategy,pairs trading,statistical arbitrage}
}

@ARTICLE{CarlinCreecyFengEtAl10,
  author = {Carlin, John and Creecy, Rob and Feng, Xin and Guo, Lei and Lu, Yi
	and Mohammadi, Pejman and Shi, Fei and Williams, Ken},
  title = {{Solutions to some exercises from Bayesian Data Analysis , second
	edition , by Gelman , Carlin , Stern , and Rubin}},
  journal = {Solutions},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {1--35},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Carlin et al. - 2010 - Solutions to some exercises from Bayesian Data Analysis , second edition , by Gelman , Carlin , Stern , and Rubin.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{CavanaghWieckiCohenEtAl,
  author = {Cavanagh, James F and Wiecki, Thomas V and Cohen, Michael X and Figueroa,
	Christina M and Samanta, Johan and Sherman, Scott J and Frank, Michael
	J},
  title = {{No Title}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Cavanagh et al. - Unknown - No Title.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{CavanaghWieckiCohenEtAl11,
  author = {Cavanagh, James F and Wiecki, Thomas V and Cohen, Michael X and Figueroa,
	Christina M and Samanta, Johan and Sherman, Scott J and Frank, Michael
	J},
  title = {{Subthalamic nucleus stimulation reverses mediofrontal influence
	over decision threshold}},
  journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2925},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Cavanagh et al. - 2011 - Subthalamic nucleus stimulation reverses mediofrontal influence over decision threshold.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nn.2925}
}

@ARTICLE{CavanaghZambrano-VazquezAllen12,
  author = {Cavanagh, James F and Zambrano-Vazquez, Laura and Allen, John J B},
  title = {{Theta lingua franca: a common mid-frontal substrate for action monitoring
	processes.}},
  journal = {Psychophysiology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {220--38},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {We present evidence that a multitude of mid-frontal event-related
	potential (ERP) components partially reflect a common theta band
	oscillatory process. Specifically, mid-frontal ERP components in
	the N2 time range and error-related negativity time range are parsimoniously
	characterized as reflections of theta band activities. Forty participants
	completed three different tasks with varying stimulus-response demands.
	Permutation tests were used to identify the dominant time-frequency
	responses of stimulus- and response-locked conditions as well as
	the enhanced responses to novelty, conflict, punishment, and error.
	A dominant theta band feature was found in all conditions, and both
	ERP component amplitudes and theta power measures were similarly
	modulated by novelty, conflict, punishment, and error. The findings
	support the hypothesis that generic and reactive medial prefrontal
	cortex processes are parsimoniously reflected by theta band activities.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01293.x},
  issn = {1540-5958},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Electroencephalography,Evoked Potentials,Evoked Potentials:
	physiology,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,Male,Probability
	Learning,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Reinforcement (Psychology),Theta Rhythm,Theta
	Rhythm: physiology,Young Adult},
  pmid = {22091878},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22091878}
}

@ARTICLE{Centre12,
  author = {Centre, Clinical Hospital},
  title = {{Dialogues in Philosophy , Mental and Neuro Sciences}},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1--13},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Dialogues in Philosophy , Mental and Neuro Sciences
	- Centre, Clinical Hospital )




	 },
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Centre - 2012 - Dialogues in Philosophy , Mental and Neuro Sciences.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {1,1-13,5,comorbidity,d ial p hil,epistemology,false diagnosis,m ent
	n euro,multimorbidity,s ci 2012,transdisciplinary integrative psychiatry}
}

@ARTICLE{ChamberlainFinebergBlackwell06,
  author = {Chamberlain, S and Fineberg, N and Blackwell, A},
  title = {{Motor inhibition and cognitive flexibility in obsessive-compulsive
	disorder and trichotillomania}},
  journal = {American Journal of \ldots},
  year = {2006},
  url = {http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?volume=163\&page=1282}
}

@ARTICLE{ChaoLuoChangEtAl09,
  author = {Chao, Herta H a and Luo, Xi and Chang, Jeremy L K and Li, Chiang-Shan
	R},
  title = {{Activation of the pre-supplementary motor area but not inferior
	prefrontal cortex in association with short stop signal reaction
	time--an intra-subject analysis.}},
  journal = {BMC neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {75},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {BACKGROUND: Our previous work described the neural processes of motor
	response inhibition during a stop signal task (SST). Employing the
	race model, we computed the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) to index
	individuals' ability in inhibitory control. The pre-supplementary
	motor area (preSMA), which shows greater activity in individuals
	with short as compared to those with long SSRT, plays a role in mediating
	response inhibition. In contrast, the right inferior prefrontal cortex
	(rIFC) showed greater activity during stop success as compared to
	stop error. Here we further pursued this functional differentiation
	of preSMA and rIFC on the basis of an intra-subject approach. RESULTS:
	Of 65 subjects who participated in four sessions of the SST, we identified
	30 individuals who showed a difference in SSRT but were identical
	in other aspects of stop signal performance between the first ("early")
	and last two ("late") sessions. By comparing regional brain activation
	between the two sessions, we confirmed greater preSMA but not rIFC
	activity during short as compared to long SSRT session within individuals.
	Furthermore, putamen, anterior cerebellum and middle/posterior cingulate
	cortex also showed greater activity in association with short SSRT.
	CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with a role of medial prefrontal
	cortex in controlled action and inferior frontal cortex in orienting
	attention. We discussed these findings with respect to the process
	of attentional monitoring and inhibitory motor control during stop
	signal inhibition.},
  doi = {10.1186/1471-2202-10-75},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Chao et al. - 2009 - Activation of the pre-supplementary motor area but not inferior prefrontal cortex in association with short stop signal reaction time--an intra-subject analysis.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1471-2202},
  keywords = {Adult,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Motor
	Cortex,Motor Cortex: physiology,Neuropsychological Tests,Prefrontal
	Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time:
	physiology},
  pmid = {19602259},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2719646\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{ChathamClausKimEtAl,
  author = {Chatham, C.H. and Claus, E.C. and Kim, A. and Curran, C. and Banich,
	M.T. and Munakata, Y},
  title = {{Cognitive control reflects context monitoring, not stopping, in
	response inhibition.}},
  journal = {PloS one}
}

@ARTICLE{ChathamClausKimEtAl12,
  author = {Chatham, Christopher H and Claus, Eric D and Kim, Albert and Curran,
	Tim and Banich, Marie T and Munakata, Yuko},
  title = {{Cognitive control reflects context monitoring, not motoric stopping,
	in response inhibition.}},
  journal = {PloS one},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {e31546},
  number = {2},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {The inhibition of unwanted behaviors is considered an effortful and
	controlled ability. However, inhibition also requires the detection
	of contexts indicating that old behaviors may be inappropriate -
	in other words, inhibition requires the ability to monitor context
	in the service of goals, which we refer to as context-monitoring.
	Using behavioral, neuroimaging, electrophysiological and computational
	approaches, we tested whether motoric stopping per se is the cognitively-controlled
	process supporting response inhibition, or whether context-monitoring
	may fill this role. Our results demonstrate that inhibition does
	not require control mechanisms beyond those involved in context-monitoring,
	and that such control mechanisms are the same regardless of stopping
	demands. These results challenge dominant accounts of inhibitory
	control, which posit that motoric stopping is the cognitively-controlled
	process of response inhibition, and clarify emerging debates on the
	frontal substrates of response inhibition by replacing the centrality
	of controlled mechanisms for motoric stopping with context-monitoring.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0031546},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Chatham et al. - 2012 - Cognitive control reflects context monitoring, not motoric stopping, in response inhibition.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  pmid = {22384038},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384038}
}

@ARTICLE{ChenScangosStuphorn10,
  author = {Chen, Xiaomo and Scangos, Katherine Wilson and Stuphorn, Veit},
  title = {{Supplementary motor area exerts proactive and reactive control of
	arm movements.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {14657--75},
  number = {44},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Adaptive behavior requires the ability to flexibly control actions.
	This can occur either proactively to anticipate task requirements,
	or reactively in response to sudden changes. Here we report neuronal
	activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA) that is correlated
	with both forms of behavioral control. Single-unit and multiunit
	activity and intracranial local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded
	in macaque monkeys during a stop-signal task, which elicits both
	proactive and reactive behavioral control. The LFP power in high-
	(60-150 Hz) and low- (25-40 Hz) frequency bands was significantly
	correlated with arm movement reaction time, starting before target
	onset. Multiunit and single-unit activity also showed a significant
	regression with reaction time. In addition, LFPs and multiunit and
	single-unit activity changed their activity level depending on the
	trial history, mirroring adjustments on the behavioral level. Together,
	these findings indicate that neuronal activity in the SMA exerts
	proactive control of arm movements by adjusting the level of motor
	readiness. On trials when the monkeys successfully canceled arm movements
	in response to an unforeseen stop signal, the LFP power, particularly
	in a low (10-50 Hz) frequency range, increased early enough to be
	causally related to the inhibition of the arm movement on those trials.
	This indicated that neuronal activity in the SMA is also involved
	in response inhibition in reaction to sudden task changes. Our findings
	indicate, therefore, that SMA plays a role in the proactive control
	of motor readiness and the reactive inhibition of unwanted movements.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( Supplementary motor area exerts proactive and
	reactive control of arm movements. - Chen, Xiaomo; Scangos, Katherine
	Wilson; Stuphorn, Veit ) From Duplicate 1 ( Supplementary motor area
	exerts proactive and reactive control of arm movements. - Chen, Xiaomo;
	Scangos, Katherine Wilson; Stuphorn, Veit ) And Duplicate 2 ( Supplementary
	motor area exerts proactive and reactive control of arm movements.
	- Chen, Xiaomo; Scangos, Katherine Wilson; Stuphorn, Veit ) },
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2669-10.2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Chen, Scangos, Stuphorn - 2010 - Supplementary motor area exerts proactive and reactive control of arm movements.pdf:pdf;::},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Arm,Arm: innervation,Arm: physiology,Behavior,Electrophysiology,Electrophysiology:
	methods,Executive Function,Executive Function: physiology,Female,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: anatomy \& histology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Macaca
	mulatta,Male,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Motor
	Cortex: physiology,Movement,Movement: physiology,Nerve Net,Nerve
	Net: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology},
  pmid = {21048123},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2990193\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/30/44/14657}
}

@ARTICLE{ChibGreenberg95,
  author = {Chib, S and Greenberg, E},
  title = {{Understanding the metropolis-hastings algorithm}},
  journal = {The American Statistician},
  year = {1995},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://amstat.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00031305.1995.10476177}
}

@ARTICLE{ChikazoeJimuraAsariEtAl09,
  author = {Chikazoe, Junichi and Jimura, Koji and Asari, Tomoki and Yamashita,
	Ken-ichiro and Morimoto, Hiroki and Hirose, Satoshi and Miyashita,
	Yasushi and Konishi, Seiki},
  title = {{Functional dissociation in right inferior frontal cortex during
	performance of go/no-go task.}},
  journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {146--52},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {The contribution of the right inferior frontal cortex to response
	inhibition has been demonstrated by previous studies of neuropsychology,
	electrophysiology, and neuroimaging. The inferior frontal cortex
	is also known to be activated during processing of infrequent stimuli
	such as stimulus-driven attention. Response inhibition has most often
	been investigated using the go/no-go task, and the no-go trials are
	usually given infrequently to enhance prepotent response tendency.
	Thus, it has not been clarified whether the inferior frontal activation
	during the go/no-go task is associated with response inhibition or
	processing of infrequent stimuli. In the present functional magnetic
	resonance imaging study, we employed not only frequent-go trials
	but also infrequent-go trials that were presented as infrequently
	as the no-go trials. The imaging results demonstrated that the posterior
	inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) was activated during response inhibition
	as revealed by the no-go vs. infrequent-go trials, whereas the inferior
	frontal junction (IFJ) region was activated primarily during processing
	of infrequent stimuli as revealed by the infrequent-go versus frequent-go
	trials. These results indicate that the pIFG and IFJ within the inferior
	frontal cortex are spatially close but are associated with different
	cognitive control processes in the go/no-go paradigm.},
  doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhn065},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Chikazoe et al. - 2009 - Functional dissociation in right inferior frontal cortex during performance of gono-go task.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-2199},
  keywords = {Adult,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Dominance, Cerebral,Dominance,
	Cerebral: physiology,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Magnetic Resonance Imaging:
	methods,Male,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Signal Detection, Psychological,Signal
	Detection, Psychological: physiology,Task Performance and Analysis,Visual
	Perception,Visual Perception: physiology},
  pmid = {18445602},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18445602}
}

@ARTICLE{ClemensDeSelenEtAl11,
  author = {Clemens, Ivar A H and {De Vrijer}, Maaike and Selen, Luc P J and
	{Van Gisbergen}, Jan A M and Medendorp, W Pieter},
  title = {{Multisensory processing in spatial orientation: an inverse probabilistic
	approach.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {5365--77},
  number = {14},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Most evidence that the brain uses Bayesian inference to integrate
	noisy sensory signals optimally has been obtained by showing that
	the noise levels in each modality separately can predict performance
	in combined conditions. Such a forward approach is difficult to implement
	when the various signals cannot be measured in isolation, as in spatial
	orientation, which involves the processing of visual, somatosensory,
	and vestibular cues. Instead, we applied an inverse probabilistic
	approach, based on optimal observer theory. Our goal was to investigate
	whether the perceptual differences found when probing two different
	states--body-in-space and head-in-space orientation--can be reconciled
	by a shared scheme using all available sensory signals. Using a psychometric
	approach, seven human subjects were tested on two orientation estimates
	at tilts < 120°: perception of body tilt [subjective body tilt (SBT)]
	and perception of visual vertical [subjective visual vertical (SVV)].
	In all subjects, the SBT was more accurate than the SVV, which showed
	substantial systematic errors for tilt angles beyond 60°. Variability
	increased with tilt angle in both tasks, but was consistently lower
	in the SVV. The sensory integration model fitted both datasets very
	nicely. A further experiment, in which supine subjects judged their
	head orientation relative to the body, independently confirmed the
	predicted head-on-body noise by the model. Model predictions based
	on the derived noise properties from the various modalities were
	also consistent with previously published deficits in vestibular
	and somatosensory patients. We conclude that Bayesian computations
	can account for the typical differences in spatial orientation judgments
	associated with different task requirements.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6472-10.2011},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adult,Aged,Bayes Theorem,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Neurological,Orientation,Orientation:
	physiology,Posture,Posture: physiology,Psychometrics,Psychometrics:
	methods,Psychophysics,Reproducibility of Results,Somatosensory Disorders,Somatosensory
	Disorders: physiopathology,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Tilt-Table
	Test,Tilt-Table Test: methods,Young Adult},
  pmid = {21471371},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/14/5365.short}
}

@ARTICLE{ClopathBusingVasilakiEtAl10,
  author = {Clopath, Claudia and B\"{u}sing, Lars and Vasilaki, Eleni and Gerstner,
	Wulfram},
  title = {{Connectivity reflects coding: a model of voltage-based STDP with
	homeostasis.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {344--52},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Electrophysiological connectivity patterns in cortex often have a
	few strong connections, which are sometimes bidirectional, among
	a lot of weak connections. To explain these connectivity patterns,
	we created a model of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in
	which synaptic changes depend on presynaptic spike arrival and the
	postsynaptic membrane potential, filtered with two different time
	constants. Our model describes several nonlinear effects that are
	observed in STDP experiments, as well as the voltage dependence of
	plasticity. We found that, in a simulated recurrent network of spiking
	neurons, our plasticity rule led not only to development of localized
	receptive fields but also to connectivity patterns that reflect the
	neural code. For temporal coding procedures with spatio-temporal
	input correlations, strong connections were predominantly unidirectional,
	whereas they were bidirectional under rate-coded input with spatial
	correlations only. Thus, variable connectivity patterns in the brain
	could reflect different coding principles across brain areas; moreover,
	our simulations suggested that plasticity is fast.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2479},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Clopath et al. - 2010 - Connectivity reflects coding a model of voltage-based STDP with homeostasis.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1546-1726},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Algorithms,Animals,Computer
	Simulation,Homeostasis,Homeostasis: physiology,Membrane Potentials,Membrane
	Potentials: physiology,Models, Neurological,Neural Pathways,Neural
	Pathways: physiology,Neuronal Plasticity,Neuronal Plasticity: physiology,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Nonlinear Dynamics,Poisson Distribution,Presynaptic Terminals,Presynaptic
	Terminals: physiology,Time Factors,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: physiology},
  pmid = {20098420},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098420}
}

@ARTICLE{CockburnHolroyd10,
  author = {Cockburn, Jeffrey and Holroyd, Clay B},
  title = {{Focus on the positive: computational simulations implicate asymmetrical
	reward prediction error signals in childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity
	disorder.}},
  journal = {Brain research},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {1365},
  pages = {18--34},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {A number of hypotheses have suggested that the principal neurological
	dysfunction responsible for the behavioural symptoms associated with
	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is likely rooted in
	abnormal phasic signals coded by the firing rate of midbrain dopamine
	neurons. We present a formal investigation of the impact atypical
	phasic dopamine signals have on behaviour by applying a TD($\lambda$)
	reinforcement learning model to simulations of operant conditioning
	tasks that have been argued to quantify the hyperactive, inattentive
	and impulsive behaviour associated with ADHD. The results presented
	here suggest that asymmetrically effective dopamine signals encoded
	by a punctate increase or decrease in dopamine levels provide the
	best account for the behaviour of children with ADHD as well as an
	animal model of ADHD, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). The
	biological sources of this asymmetry are considered, as are other
	computational models of ADHD.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.065},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Cockburn, Holroyd - 2010 - Focus on the positive computational simulations implicate asymmetrical reward prediction error signals in childhood attention-deficithyperactivity disorder.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1872-6240},
  keywords = {Animals,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity,Attention Deficit
	Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia,Attention Deficit Disorder with
	Hyperactivity: phy,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity:
	psy,Child,Computer Simulation,Disease Models, Animal,Dopamine,Dopamine:
	physiology,Humans,Models, Psychological,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways:
	physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Rats,Rats,
	Inbred SHR,Rats, Inbred WKY,Reward},
  pmid = {20875804},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20875804}
}

@ARTICLE{CohenFrank09,
  author = {Cohen, Michael X and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{Neurocomputational models of basal ganglia function in learning,
	memory and choice.}},
  journal = {Behavioural brain research},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {199},
  pages = {141--56},
  number = {1},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {The basal ganglia (BG) are critical for the coordination of several
	motor, cognitive, and emotional functions and become dysfunctional
	in several pathological states ranging from Parkinson's disease to
	Schizophrenia. Here we review principles developed within a neurocomputational
	framework of BG and related circuitry which provide insights into
	their functional roles in behavior. We focus on two classes of models:
	those that incorporate aspects of biological realism and constrained
	by functional principles, and more abstract mathematical models focusing
	on the higher level computational goals of the BG. While the former
	are arguably more "realistic", the latter have a complementary advantage
	in being able to describe functional principles of how the system
	works in a relatively simple set of equations, but are less suited
	to making specific hypotheses about the roles of specific nuclei
	and neurophysiological processes. We review the basic architecture
	and assumptions of these models, their relevance to our understanding
	of the neurobiological and cognitive functions of the BG, and provide
	an update on the potential roles of biological details not explicitly
	incorporated in existing models. Empirical studies ranging from those
	in transgenic mice to dopaminergic manipulation, deep brain stimulation,
	and genetics in humans largely support model predictions and provide
	the basis for further refinement. Finally, we discuss possible future
	directions and possible ways to integrate different types of models.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2008.09.029},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Cohen, Frank - 2009 - Neurocomputational models of basal ganglia function in learning, memory and choice.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1872-7549},
  keywords = {Animals,Basal Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: anatomy \& histology,Basal Ganglia:
	physiology,Choice Behavior,Choice Behavior: physiology,Humans,Learning,Learning:
	physiology,Memory,Memory: physiology,Models, Neurological},
  pmid = {18950662},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18950662}
}

@ARTICLE{ColletteLindenVanEtAl05,
  author = {Collette, Fabienne and der Linden, M Van and {Van der Linden}, Martial
	and Laureys, Steven and Delfiore, Guy and Degueldre, Christian and
	Luxen, Andre and Salmon, Eric},
  title = {{Exploring the unity and diversity of the neural substrates of executive
	functioning}},
  journal = {Human brain mapping},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {409--23},
  number = {4},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Previous studies exploring the neural substrates of executive functioning
	used task-specific analyses, which might not be the most appropriate
	approach due to the difficulty of precisely isolating executive functions.
	Consequently, the aim of this study was to use positron emission
	tomography (PET) to reexamine by conjunction and interaction paradigms
	the cerebral areas associated with three executive processes (updating,
	shifting, and inhibition). Three conjunction analyses allowed us
	to isolate the cerebral areas common to tasks selected to tap into
	the same executive process. A global conjunction analysis demonstrated
	that foci of activation common to all tasks were observed in the
	right intraparietal sulcus, the left superior parietal gyrus, and
	at a lower statistical threshold, the left lateral prefrontal cortex.
	These regions thus seem to play a general role in executive functioning.
	The right intraparietal sulcus seems to play a role in selective
	attention to relevant stimuli and in suppression of irrelevant information.
	The left superior parietal region is involved in amodal switching/integration
	processes. One hypothesis regarding the functional role of the lateral
	prefrontal cortex is that monitoring and temporal organization of
	cognitive processes are necessary to carry out ongoing tasks. Finally,
	interaction analyses showed that specific prefrontal cerebral areas
	were associated with each executive process. The results of this
	neuroimaging study are in agreement with cognitive studies demonstrating
	that executive functioning is characterized by both unity and diversity
	of processes.},
  doi = {10.1002/hbm.20118},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//Collette et al. - 2005 - Exploring the unity and diversity of the neural substrates of executive functioning.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1065-9471},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Brain Mapping,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: anatomy
	\& histology,Cerebral Cortex: physiology,Cerebral Cortex: radionuclide
	imaging,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional
	Laterality: physiology,Humans,Male,Models,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: anatomy
	\& histology,Nerve Net: physiology,Nerve Net: radionuclide imaging,Neural
	Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways:
	anatomy \& histology,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurological,Neuropsychological
	Tests,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: anatomy \& histology,Parietal
	Lobe: physiology,Parietal Lobe: radionuclide imaging,Positron-Emission
	Tomography,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Prefrontal
	Cortex: physiology,Prefrontal Cortex: radionuclide imaging,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Time Factors,Volition,Volition:
	physiology},
  pmid = {15852470},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15852470 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hbm.20118/full}
}

@ARTICLE{CollinsFrank,
  author = {Collins, Anne G E and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{A predisposition to create hidden structure during learning : Computational
	analysis and behavioral studies}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Collins, Frank - Unknown - A predisposition to create hidden structure during learning Computational analysis and behavioral studies.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{CollinsFrank12,
  author = {Collins, Anne G E and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{How much of reinforcement learning is working memory, not reinforcement
	learning? A behavioral, computational, and neurogenetic analysis.}},
  journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {1024--35},
  number = {7},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Instrumental learning involves corticostriatal circuitry and the dopaminergic
	system. This system is typically modeled in the reinforcement learning
	(RL) framework by incrementally accumulating reward values of states
	and actions. However, human learning also implicates prefrontal cortical
	mechanisms involved in higher level cognitive functions. The interaction
	of these systems remains poorly understood, and models of human behavior
	often ignore working memory (WM) and therefore incorrectly assign
	behavioral variance to the RL system. Here we designed a task that
	highlights the profound entanglement of these two processes, even
	in simple learning problems. By systematically varying the size of
	the learning problem and delay between stimulus repetitions, we separately
	extracted WM-specific effects of load and delay on learning. We propose
	a new computational model that accounts for the dynamic integration
	of RL and WM processes observed in subjects' behavior. Incorporating
	capacity-limited WM into the model allowed us to capture behavioral
	variance that could not be captured in a pure RL framework even if
	we (implausibly) allowed separate RL systems for each set size. The
	WM component also allowed for a more reasonable estimation of a single
	RL process. Finally, we report effects of two genetic polymorphisms
	having relative specificity for prefrontal and basal ganglia functions.
	Whereas the COMT gene coding for catechol-O-methyl transferase selectively
	influenced model estimates of WM capacity, the GPR6 gene coding for
	G-protein-coupled receptor 6 influenced the RL learning rate. Thus,
	this study allowed us to specify distinct influences of the high-level
	and low-level cognitive functions on instrumental learning, beyond
	the possibilities offered by simple RL models.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07980.x},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1460-9568},
  pmid = {22487033},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3390186\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{Colwill,
  author = {Colwill, Ruth M},
  title = {{ASSOCIATIVE REPRESENTATIONS OF INSTRUMENTAL CONTINGENCIES}},
  journal = {Learning},
  volume = {31},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Colwill - Unknown - ASSOCIATIVE REPRESENTATIONS OF INSTRUMENTAL CONTINGENCIES.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Colwill93,
  author = {Colwill, Ruth M.},
  title = {{An Associative Analysis of Instrumental Learning.}},
  journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {111--116},
  number = {4},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772598},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Colwill - 1993 - An Associative Analysis of Instrumental Learning.PDF:PDF}
}

@ARTICLE{CookGelmanRubin06,
  author = {Cook, Samantha R and Gelman, Andrew and Rubin, Donald B},
  title = {{Validation of Software for Bayesian Models Using Posterior Quantiles}},
  journal = {Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {675--692},
  number = {3},
  month = sep,
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Validation of Software for Bayesian Models Using
	Posterior Quantiles - Cook, Samantha R; Gelman, Andrew; Rubin, Donald
	B )




	 },
  doi = {10.1198/106186006X136976},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Cook, Gelman, Rubin - 2006 - Validation of Software for Bayesian Models Using Posterior Quantiles.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {106186006X},
  issn = {1061-8600},
  keywords = {gibbs sampler,hier-,markov chain monte carlo,posterior distribution},
  url = {http://pubs.amstat.org/doi/abs/10.1198/106186006X136976}
}

@ARTICLE{CostaGutierrezAraujoEtAl07,
  author = {Costa, R M and Gutierrez, R and de Araujo, I E and Coelho, M R P
	and Kloth, a D and Gainetdinov, R R and Caron, M G and Nicolelis,
	M a L and Simon, S a},
  title = {{Dopamine levels modulate the updating of tastant values.}},
  journal = {Genes, brain, and behavior},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {314--20},
  number = {4},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {To survive, animals must constantly update the internal value of stimuli
	they encounter; a process referred to as incentive learning. Although
	there have been many studies investigating whether dopamine is necessary
	for reward, or for the association between stimuli and actions with
	rewards, less is known about the role of dopamine in the updating
	of the internal value of stimuli per se. We used a single-bottle
	forced-choice task to investigate the role of dopamine in learning
	the value of tastants. We show that dopamine transporter knock-out
	mice (DAT-KO), which have constitutively elevated dopamine levels,
	develop a more positive bias towards a hedonically positive tastant
	(sucrose 400 mM) than their wild-type littermates. Furthermore, when
	compared to wild-type littermates, DAT-KO mice develop a less negative
	bias towards a hedonically negative tastant (quinine HCl 10 mM).
	Importantly, these effects develop with training, because at the
	onset of training DAT-KO and wild-type mice display similar biases
	towards sucrose and quinine. These data suggest that dopamine levels
	can modulate the updating of tastant values, a finding with implications
	for understanding sensory-specific motivation and reward seeking.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00257.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Costa et al. - 2007 - Dopamine levels modulate the updating of tastant values.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1601-1848},
  keywords = {Animals,Association Learning,Association Learning: physiology,Choice
	Behavior,Choice Behavior: physiology,Discrimination Learning,Discrimination
	Learning: physiology,Dopamine,Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport
	Proteins,Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: genet,Dopamine
	Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: physi,Dopamine: physiology,Food
	Preferences,Food Preferences: physiology,Inbred C57BL,Knockout,Mice,Motivation,Taste,Taste:
	genetics,Taste: physiology},
  pmid = {16848782},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16848782}
}

@ARTICLE{CourtiereHardouinBurleEtAl11,
  author = {Courtiere, A. and Hardouin, J. and Burle, B. and Vidal, F. and Turle-Lorenzo,
	N. and Amalric, M. and Hasbroucq, T.},
  title = {{Dynamics of Executive Control and Motor Deficits in Parkinsonian
	Rats}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {11929--11933},
  number = {33},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {While there is general agreement that in Parkinson's disease (PD),
	striatal dopamine (DA) depletion causes motor deficits, the origin
	of the associated cognitive impairments remains a matter of debate.
	The present study aimed to decipher the influence of a partial 6-hydroxydopamine
	(6-OHDA) lesion of striatal DA nerve terminals in rats performing
	a reaction time task previously used to assess cognitive deficits
	in PD patients. The effects of two behavioral manipulations--foreperiod
	duration and stimulus-response congruence--known to affect motor
	processes and executive control, respectively, were studied over
	8 weeks postsurgery in control and lesion animals. Two weeks after
	surgery, the lesion abolished the effect of foreperiod, confirming
	the direct involvement of striatal DA in motor processes, but failed
	to alter the effect of congruence. During the following weeks, the
	effect of foreperiod was reinstated, indicating a recovery of lesion-induced
	motor symptoms. This recovery was accompanied by a progressive increase
	of the congruence effect, signaling an executive control deficit
	in lesion animals. This result provides the first evidence that 6-OHDA
	lesioned rats exhibit the same cognitive impairment as PD patients
	in this task. The deficit, however, built up progressively after
	the lesion and may result from adaptations mitigating lesion-induced
	motor deficits.},
  annote = {Interesting study showing that 6-OHDA lesion leads to progressive
	cognitive decline. Has no idea why however.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2550-11.2011},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  keywords = {PD,lesion,rat,response inhibition,simon},
  mendeley-tags = {PD,lesion,rat,response inhibition,simon},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/31/33/11929}
}

@ARTICLE{CoxonVanWenderothEtAl12,
  author = {Coxon, J. P. and {Van Impe}, a. and Wenderoth, N. and Swinnen, S.
	P.},
  title = {{Aging and Inhibitory Control of Action: Cortico-Subthalamic Connection
	Strength Predicts Stopping Performance}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {8401--8412},
  number = {24},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6360-11.2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Coxon et al. - 2012 - Aging and Inhibitory Control of Action Cortico-Subthalamic Connection Strength Predicts Stopping Performance.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6360-11.2012}
}

@ARTICLE{Cressey11,
  author = {Cressey, Daniel},
  title = {{Psychopharmacology in crisis}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2011},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1038/news.2011.367},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  language = {en},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110614/full/news.2011.367.html}
}

@ARTICLE{CriminisiShottonKonukoglu11,
  author = {Criminisi, A and Shotton, J and Konukoglu, E},
  title = {{Decision Forests for Classification , Regression , Density Estimation
	, Manifold Learning and Semi-Supervised Learning}},
  year = {2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Criminisi, Shotton, Konukoglu - 2011 - Decision Forests for Classification , Regression , Density Estimation , Manifold Learning and Semi-Supervised Learning.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{CrockettClarkRobbins09,
  author = {Crockett, Molly J and Clark, Luke and Robbins, Trevor W},
  title = {{Reconciling the role of serotonin in behavioral inhibition and aversion:
	acute tryptophan depletion abolishes punishment-induced inhibition
	in humans.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {11993--9},
  number = {38},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {The neuromodulator serotonin has been implicated in a large number
	of affective and executive functions, but its precise contribution
	to motivation remains unclear. One influential hypothesis has implicated
	serotonin in aversive processing; another has proposed a more general
	role for serotonin in behavioral inhibition. Because behavioral inhibition
	is a prepotent reaction to aversive outcomes, it has been a challenge
	to reconcile these two accounts. Here, we show that serotonin is
	critical for punishment-induced inhibition but not overall motor
	response inhibition or reporting aversive outcomes. We used acute
	tryptophan depletion to temporarily lower brain serotonin in healthy
	human volunteers as they completed a novel task designed to obtain
	separate measures of motor response inhibition, punishment-induced
	inhibition, and sensitivity to aversive outcomes. After a placebo
	treatment, participants were slower to respond under punishment conditions
	compared with reward conditions. Tryptophan depletion abolished this
	punishment-induced inhibition without affecting overall motor response
	inhibition or the ability to adjust response bias in line with punishment
	contingencies. The magnitude of reduction in punishment-induced inhibition
	depended on the degree to which tryptophan depletion reduced plasma
	tryptophan levels. These findings extend and clarify previous research
	on the role of serotonin in aversive processing and behavioral inhibition
	and fit with current theorizing on the involvement of serotonin in
	predicting aversive outcomes.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2513-09.2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Crockett, Clark, Robbins - 2009 - Reconciling the role of serotonin in behavioral inhibition and aversion acute tryptophan depletion abolishes punishment-induced inhibition in humans.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Brain,Brain: metabolism,Double-Blind Method,Female,Humans,Impulsive
	Behavior,Impulsive Behavior: physiopathology,Male,Motor Activity,Motor
	Activity: physiology,Neuropsychological Tests,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Punishment,Reaction Time,Serotonin,Serotonin:
	metabolism,Task Performance and Analysis,Tryptophan,Tryptophan: blood,Tryptophan:
	deficiency},
  pmid = {19776285},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19776285}
}

@ARTICLE{CurtisDEsposito03,
  author = {Curtis, Clayton E and D'Esposito, Mark},
  title = {{Success and failure suppressing reflexive behavior.}},
  journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {409--18},
  number = {3},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {The dynamic interplay between reflexive and controlled determinants
	of behavior is one of the most general organizing principles of brain
	function. A powerful analogue of this interplay is seen in the antisaccade
	task, which pits reflexive and willed saccadic mechanisms against
	one another. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging
	of the human brain showed greater prestimulus preparatory activity
	in the pre-supplementary motor area before voluntary antisaccades
	(saccades away from a target) compared with reflexive prosaccades
	(saccades to a target). Moreover, this preparatory activity was critically
	associated with reflex suppression; it predicted whether the reflex
	was later successfully inhibited in the trial. These dataillustrate
	a mechanism for top-down control over reflexive behavior.},
  doi = {10.1162/089892903321593126},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Curtis, D'Esposito - 2003 - Success and failure suppressing reflexive behavior.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0898-929X},
  keywords = {Adult,Brain,Brain Mapping,Brain: physiology,Cues,Female,Humans,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Male,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: physiology,Motor
	Cortex,Motor Cortex: physiology,Reflex,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,antisaccade},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade},
  pmid = {12729492},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12729492}
}

@ARTICLE{CuthbertInsel10,
  author = {Cuthbert, BN and Insel, TR},
  title = {{Toward new approaches to psychotic disorders: the NIMH Research
	Domain Criteria project}},
  journal = {Schizophrenia bulletin},
  year = {2010},
  url = {http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/36/6/1061.short}
}

@ARTICLE{DagherRobbins09,
  author = {Dagher, Alain and Robbins, Trevor W},
  title = {{Personality, addiction, dopamine: insights from Parkinson's disease.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {502--10},
  number = {4},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {In rare instances, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may become
	addicted to their own medication or develop behavioral addictions
	such as pathological gambling. This is surprising because PD patients
	typically have a very low incidence of drug abuse and display a personality
	type that is the polar opposite of the addictive personality. These
	rare addictive syndromes, which appear to result from excessive dopaminergic
	medication use, illustrate the link between dopamine, personality,
	and addiction. We describe the clinical phenomena and attempt to
	relate them to current models of learning and addiction. We conclude
	that persistently elevated dopaminergic stimulation promotes the
	development and maintenance of addictive behaviors.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2009.01.031},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Dagher, Robbins - 2009 - Personality, addiction, dopamine insights from Parkinson's disease.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  keywords = {Antiparkinson Agents,Behavior, Addictive,Behavior, Addictive: physiopathology,Behavior,
	Addictive: psychology,Dopamine,Dopamine: physiology,Gambling,Gambling:
	psychology,Humans,Impulsive Behavior,Impulsive Behavior: physiopathology,Impulsive
	Behavior: psychology,Learning,Learning: physiology,Neostriatum,Neostriatum:
	physiopathology,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease: physiopathology,Parkinson
	Disease: psychology,Parkinson Disease: radionuclide imaging,Personality,Personality:
	physiology,Positron-Emission Tomography,Substance-Related Disorders,Substance-Related
	Disorders: psychology},
  pmid = {19249271},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19249271}
}

@ARTICLE{DalleyEverittRobbins11,
  author = {Dalley, Jeffrey W and Everitt, Barry J and Robbins, Trevor W},
  title = {{Impulsivity, compulsivity, and top-down cognitive control.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {680--94},
  number = {4},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Impulsivity is the tendency to act prematurely without foresight.
	Behavioral and neurobiological analysis of this construct, with evidence
	from both animal and human studies, defines several dissociable forms
	depending on distinct cortico-striatal substrates. One form of impulsivity
	depends on the temporal discounting of reward, another on motor or
	response disinhibition. Impulsivity is commonly associated with addiction
	to drugs from different pharmacological classes, but its causal role
	in human addiction is unclear. We characterize in neurobehavioral
	and neurochemical terms a rodent model of impulsivity based on premature
	responding in an attentional task. Evidence is surveyed that high
	impulsivity on this task precedes the escalation subsequently of
	cocaine self-administration behavior, and also a tendency toward
	compulsive cocaine-seeking and to relapse. These results indicate
	that the vulnerability to stimulant addiction may depend on an impulsivity
	endophenotype. Implications of these findings for the etiology, development,
	and treatment of drug addiction are considered.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.020},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Dalley, Everitt, Robbins - 2011 - Impulsivity, compulsivity, and top-down cognitive control.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  keywords = {Animals,Choice Behavior,Choice Behavior: physiology,Cognition,Cognition:
	physiology,Compulsive Behavior,Compulsive Behavior: physiopathology,Humans,Impulsive
	Behavior,Impulsive Behavior: physiopathology,Neuropsychological Tests,Reward},
  pmid = {21338879},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338879}
}

@ARTICLE{DanielmeierWesselSteinhauserEtAl09,
  author = {Danielmeier, Claudia and Wessel, Jan R and Steinhauser, Marco and
	Ullsperger, Markus},
  title = {{Modulation of the error-related negativity by response conflict.}},
  journal = {Psychophysiology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {1288--98},
  number = {6},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {An arrow version of the Eriksen flanker task was employed to investigate
	the influence of conflict on the error-related negativity (ERN).
	The degree of conflict was modulated by varying the distance between
	flankers and the target arrow (CLOSE and FAR conditions). Error rates
	and reaction time data from a behavioral experiment were used to
	adapt a connectionist model of this task. This model was based on
	the conflict monitoring theory and simulated behavioral and event-related
	potential data. The computational model predicted an increased ERN
	amplitude in FAR incompatible (the low-conflict condition) compared
	to CLOSE incompatible errors (the high-conflict condition). A subsequent
	ERP experiment confirmed the model predictions. The computational
	model explains this finding with larger post-response conflict in
	far trials. In addition, data and model predictions of the N2 and
	the LRP support the conflict interpretation of the ERN.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00860.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Danielmeier et al. - 2009 - Modulation of the error-related negativity by response conflict.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1540-5958},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Conflict (Psychology),Electroencephalography,Evoked
	Potentials,Evoked Potentials: physiology,Executive Function,Executive
	Function: physiology,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality:
	physiology,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Young Adult},
  pmid = {19572907},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19572907}
}

@ARTICLE{DaviesMachinSandersonEtAl07,
  author = {Davies, Moira and Machin, Penny E and Sanderson, David J and Pearce,
	John M and Aggleton, John P},
  title = {{Neurotoxic lesions of the rat perirhinal and postrhinal cortices
	and their impact on biconditional visual discrimination tasks.}},
  journal = {Behavioural brain research},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {176},
  pages = {274--83},
  number = {2},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {It has been argued that damage to the perirhinal cortex should impair
	visual discriminations when the stimuli have overlapping features.
	In Experiment 1, rats with perirhinal cortex lesions were trained
	on a series of visual discriminations in a water tank, culminating
	in a biconditional discrimination. No evidence was found of a perirhinal
	lesion deficit, although the same rats showed an object recognition
	deficit. In Experiment 2 the lesions were extended to involve both
	the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices in a new group of rats. An
	impairment was now found on acquisition of the biconditional task,
	but this was not specific as impairments were also found on two elemental
	visual discriminations. Taken together, the study failed to find
	evidence that the rat perirhinal cortex is necessary for configural
	visual discriminations and so revealed that some ambiguous visual
	discriminations can be learnt when this area is removed. Furthermore,
	there was no evidence that the parahippocampal region is selectively
	dedicated to configural learning, even though the loss of this area
	can impair the acquisition of some configural tasks.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2006.10.005},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Davies et al. - 2007 - Neurotoxic lesions of the rat perirhinal and postrhinal cortices and their impact on biconditional visual discrimination tasks.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {0166-4328},
  keywords = {Animals,Behavior, Animal,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: injuries,Cerebral
	Cortex: physiology,Discrimination Learning,Discrimination Learning:
	drug effects,Discrimination Learning: physiology,Excitatory Amino
	Acid Agonists,Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists: toxicity,Male,N-Methylaspartate,N-Methylaspartate:
	toxicity,Photic Stimulation,Rats,Visual Perception,Visual Perception:
	drug effects,Visual Perception: physiology},
  pmid = {17092577},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17092577}
}

@ARTICLE{Davis70,
  author = {Davis, M},
  title = {{Effects of interstimulus interval length and variability on startle-response
	habituation in the rat.}},
  journal = {Journal of comparative and physiological psychology},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {177--92},
  number = {2},
  month = aug,
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Davis - 1970 - Effects of interstimulus interval length and variability on startle-response habituation in the rat.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0021-9940},
  keywords = {Animals,Habituation, Psychophysiologic,Male,Rats,Startle Reaction},
  pmid = {5489452},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5489452}
}

@ARTICLE{DavisWagner68,
  author = {Davis, M. and Wagner, A.R.},
  title = {{Startle responsiveness after habituation to different intensities
	of tone.}},
  journal = {Psychonomic Science},
  year = {1968},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Davis, Wagner - 1968 - Startle responsiveness after habituation to different intensities of tone.pdf:pdf},
  publisher = {Psychonomic Society},
  url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1969-03672-001}
}

@ARTICLE{DavisWagner69,
  author = {Davis, M and Wagner, a R},
  title = {{Habituation of startle response under incremental sequence of stimulus
	intensities.}},
  journal = {Journal of comparative and physiological psychology},
  year = {1969},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {486--92},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Davis, Wagner - 1969 - Habituation of startle response under incremental sequence of stimulus intensities.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0021-9940},
  keywords = {Analysis of Variance,Animals,Conditioning (Psychology),Habituation,
	Psychophysiologic,Learning,Male,Noise,Psychological Theory,Rats,Startle
	Reaction},
  pmid = {5787400},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5787400}
}

@ARTICLE{DawGershmanSeymourEtAl11,
  author = {Daw, Nathaniel D and Gershman, Samuel J and Seymour, Ben and Dayan,
	Peter and Dolan, Raymond J},
  title = {{Model-based influences on humans' choices and striatal prediction
	errors.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {1204--15},
  number = {6},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {The mesostriatal dopamine system is prominently implicated in model-free
	reinforcement learning, with fMRI BOLD signals in ventral striatum
	notably covarying with model-free prediction errors. However, latent
	learning and devaluation studies show that behavior also shows hallmarks
	of model-based planning, and the interaction between model-based
	and model-free values, prediction errors, and preferences is underexplored.
	We designed a multistep decision task in which model-based and model-free
	influences on human choice behavior could be distinguished. By showing
	that choices reflected both influences we could then test the purity
	of the ventral striatal BOLD signal as a model-free report. Contrary
	to expectations, the signal reflected both model-free and model-based
	predictions in proportions matching those that best explained choice
	behavior. These results challenge the notion of a separate model-free
	learner and suggest a more integrated computational architecture
	for high-level human decision-making.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.027},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Daw et al. - 2011 - Model-based influences on humans' choices and striatal prediction errors.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  pmid = {21435563},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3077926\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{DayanYu06,
  author = {Dayan, Peter and Yu, Angela J},
  title = {{Phasic norepinephrine: a neural interrupt signal for unexpected
	events.}},
  journal = {Network (Bristol, England)},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {335--50},
  number = {4},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Extensive animal studies indicate that the neuromodulator norepinephrine
	plays an important role in specific aspects of vigilance, attention
	and learning, putatively serving as a neural interrupt or reset function.
	The activity of norepinephrine-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus
	during attentional tasks is modulated not only by the animal's level
	of engagement and the sensory inputs, but also by temporally rich
	aspects of internal decision-making processes. Here, we propose that
	it is unexpected changes in the world within the context of a task
	that activate the noradrenergic interrupt signal. We quantify this
	idea in a Bayesian model of a well-studied visual discrimination
	task, demonstrating that the model captures a rich repertoire of
	noradrenergic responses at the sub-second temporal resolution.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Phasic norepinephrine: a neural interrupt signal
	for unexpected events. - Dayan, Peter; Yu, Angela J )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Phasic norepinephrine: a neural interrupt signal
	for unexpected events. - Dayan, Peter; Yu, Angela J )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Phasic norepinephrine: a neural interrupt signal
	for unexpected events. - Dayan, Peter; Yu, Angela J ) And Duplicate
	2 ( Phasic norepinephrine: a neural interrupt signal for unexpected
	events. - Dayan, Peter; Yu, Angela J )




	 From Duplicate 3 ( Phasic norepinephrine: a neural interrupt signal
	for unexpected events. - Dayan, Peter; Yu, Angela J )








	 From Duplicate 2 ( Phasic norepinephrine: a neural interrupt signal
	for unexpected events. - Dayan, Peter; Yu, Angela J )




	 },
  doi = {10.1080/09548980601004024},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Dayan, Yu - 2006 - Phasic norepinephrine a neural interrupt signal for unexpected events.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {0954898060},
  issn = {0954-898X},
  keywords = {Animal,Animal: drug effects,Animal: physiology,Animals,Attention,Attention:
	drug effects,Attention: physiology,Bayes Theorem,Behavior,Discrimination
	Learning,Discrimination Learning: drug effects,Discrimination Learning:
	physiology,Markov Chains,Models,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways:
	drug effects,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurological,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Norepinephrine,Norepinephrine: metabolism},
  language = {en},
  pmid = {17162459},
  publisher = {Informa UK Ltd UK},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17162459 http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09548980601004024}
}

@ARTICLE{DayanikYu10,
  author = {Dayanik, Savas and Yu, Angela J},
  title = {{Negotiating speed-accuracy tradeoff in sequential identification
	under a stochastic deadline}},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {1--24},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Dayanik, Yu - 2010 - Negotiating speed-accuracy tradeoff in sequential identification under a stochastic deadline.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {and phrases,bayes-risk minimization,dynamic programming,reward-rate
	maximization,sequential multihypothesis testing,speed-accuracy tradeoff}
}

@ARTICLE{DeColesLogan95,
  author = {{De Jong}, R and Coles, M G and Logan, G D},
  title = {{Strategies and mechanisms in nonselective and selective inhibitory
	motor control.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {498--511},
  number = {3},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Motor inhibition was studied in 3 versions of the stop-signal paradigm,
	with the stop signal requiring inhibition of any response (stop-all),
	a fixed alternative response (stop-change), or selective inhibition
	of only 1 of the responses (selective-stop). The lateralized readiness
	potential was used in Experiment 1 to distinguish between a selective,
	central, and a global peripheral inhibition mechanism. Inhibition
	was found to be effected by the central mechanism in the stop-change
	condition and by the peripheral mechanism in the other conditions.
	Manipulation of stimulus discriminability in Experiment 2 strongly
	affected the speed of selective motor inhibition, confirming that
	such inhibition was achieved by conditionally engaging the peripheral
	mechanism. These results support the idea that functionally distinct
	mechanisms and strategies are involved in inhibitory motor control
	in different situations.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/De Jong, Coles, Logan - 1995 - Strategies and mechanisms in nonselective and selective inhibitory motor control.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0096-1523},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Arousal,Arousal: physiology,Attention,Attention:
	physiology,Contingent Negative Variation,Contingent Negative Variation:
	physiology,Electroencephalography,Electromyography,Female,Functional
	Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Hand Strength,Hand Strength:
	physiology,Humans,Male,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: physiology,Motor
	Neurons,Motor Neurons: physiology,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition:
	physiology,Pattern Recognition, Visual,Pattern Recognition, Visual:
	physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Psychophysiology,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology},
  pmid = {7790830},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7790830}
}

@ARTICLE{DeLiangLauber94,
  author = {{De Jong}, Ritske and Liang, C.C. and Lauber, Erick},
  title = {{Conditional and unconditional automaticity: A dual-process model
	of effects of spatial stimulus-response correspondence.}},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {731},
  number = {4},
  abstract = {Distributional analyses and event-related brain potentials were used
	to show that effects of irrelevant spatial stimulus–response correspondence
	consist of 2 qualitatively different automatic components that can
	be distinguished on the basis of their dependencies on relative response
	speed and on computational requirements of the primary task. One
	component reflects priming of the spatially corresponding response
	by an abrupt stimulus onset that does not depend on the nature of
	the primary task. This unconditional component exhibits a biphasic
	pattern, with initial facilitation later turning into inhibition,
	analogous to that found for spatial cuing in visual detection tasks.
	The 2nd component reflects automatic generalization of task-defined
	transformations of relevant stimulus information to spatial codes;
	this conditional component does not depend on relative response speed.
	Possible connectionist implementations of the conditional mechanism
	are discussed.},
  keywords = {dual-route,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {dual-route,response inhibition},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/xhp/20/4/731/}
}

@ARTICLE{Deisseroth12,
  author = {Deisseroth, Karl},
  title = {{Optogenetics and Psychiatry: Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities.}},
  journal = {Biological psychiatry},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {2011--2013},
  month = apr,
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.021},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Deisseroth - 2012 - Optogenetics and Psychiatry Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-2402},
  pmid = {22503111},
  publisher = {Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22503111}
}

@ARTICLE{Delamater11,
  author = {Delamater, Andrew R},
  title = {{On the nature of CS and US representations in Pavlovian learning.}},
  journal = {Learning \& behavior},
  year = {2011},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {A significant problem in the study of Pavlovian conditioning is characterizing
	the nature of the representations of events that enter into learning.
	This issue has been explored extensively with regard to the question
	of what features of the unconditioned stimulus enter into learning,
	but considerably less work has been directed to the question of characterizing
	the nature of the conditioned stimulus. This article introduces a
	multilayered connectionist network approach to understanding how
	"perceptual" or "conceptual" representations of the conditioned stimulus
	might emerge from conditioning and participate in various learning
	phenomena. The model is applied to acquired equivalence/distinctiveness
	of cue effects, as well as a variety of conditional discrimination
	learning tasks (patterning, biconditional, ambiguous occasion setting,
	feature discriminations). In addition, studies that have examined
	what aspects of the unconditioned stimulus enter into learning are
	also reviewed. Ultimately, it is concluded that adopting a multilayered
	connectionist network perspective of Pavlovian learning provides
	us with a richer way in which to view basic learning processes, but
	a number of key theoretical problems remain to be solved, particularly
	as they relate to the integration of what we know about the nature
	of the representations of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.},
  doi = {10.3758/s13420-011-0036-4},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Delamater - 2011 - On the nature of CS and US representations in Pavlovian learning.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1543-4508},
  keywords = {conditional discrimination learning,connectionist models,multimodal
	processing,sensory-specific},
  pmid = {21786019},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21786019}
}

@ARTICLE{DempsterLairdRubin77,
  author = {Dempster, AP and Laird, NM and Rubin, DB},
  title = {{Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm}},
  journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. \ldots},
  year = {1977},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {1--38},
  number = {1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Dempster, Laird, Rubin - 1977 - Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2984875}
}

@ARTICLE{DichterDamianoJohnaallenpfizercom12,
  author = {Dichter, Gabriel S and Damiano, Cara A and Johnaallenpfizercom, John
	A Allen},
  title = {{Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental
	disorders and genetic syndromes : animal models and clinical findings}},
  year = {2012},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and
	neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes : animal models
	and clinical findings - Dichter, Gabriel S; Damiano, Cara A; Johnaallenpfizercom,
	John A Allen )




	 },
  doi = {10.1186/1866-1955-4-19},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Dichter, Damiano, Johnaallenpfizercom - 2012 - Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes animal models and clinical findings.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Diederich08,
  author = {Diederich, Adele},
  title = {{A further test of sequential-sampling models that account for payoff
	effects on response bias in perceptual decision tasks}},
  journal = {Perception},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {229--256},
  number = {2},
  doi = {10.3758/PP},
  file = {::}
}

@ARTICLE{Diederich97,
  author = {Diederich, Adele},
  title = {{Dynamic Stochastic Models for Decision Making under Time Constraints}},
  journal = {Journal of mathematical psychology},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {260--74},
  number = {3},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {This paper introduces the multiattribute dynamic decision model (MADD)
	to describe both the dynamic and the stochastic nature of decision
	making. MADD is based on information processing models developed
	by Diederich. It belongs to the class of sequential comparison models
	and generalizes and extends the so-called decision field theory (DFT)
	of Busemeyer and Townsend. Describing the decision maker's choice
	behavior for multiattribute choice alternatives in an uncertain environment
	by a stochastic process, the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, MADD predicts
	choice probabilities and mean choice response times when the decision
	maker has to respond within a given time limit. This paper outlines
	the prediction of two different versions of the model in detail.
	Copyright 1997 Academic Press},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0022-2496},
  pmid = {9325121},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9325121}
}

@ARTICLE{Diederich95,
  author = {Diederich, A.},
  title = {{Intersensory facilitation of reaction time: Evaluation of counter
	and diffusion coactivation models}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {197--215},
  number = {2},
  file = {::},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022249685710206}
}

@ARTICLE{DiederichBusemeyer,
  author = {Diederich, Adele and Busemeyer, Jerome R},
  title = {{Simple Matrix Methods for Analyzing Diffusion Models of Choice Probability,
	Choice Response Time and Simple Response Time}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Diederich, Busemeyer - Unknown - Simple Matrix Methods for Analyzing Diffusion Models of Choice Probability, Choice Response Time and Simple Response Time.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{DiederichBusemeyer06,
  author = {Diederich, Adele and Busemeyer, Jerome R},
  title = {{Modeling the effects of payoff on response bias in a perceptual
	discrimination task: bound-change, drift-rate-change, or two-stage-processing
	hypothesis.}},
  journal = {Perception \& psychophysics},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {194--207},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Three hypotheses--the bound-change hypothesis, drift-rate-change hypothesis,
	and two-stage-processing hypothesis--are proposed to account for
	data from a perceptual discrimination task in which three different
	response deadlines were involved and three different payoffs were
	presented prior to each individual trial. The aim of the present
	research was to show (1) how the three different hypotheses incorporate
	response biases into a sequential sampling decision process, (2)
	how payoffs and deadlines affect choice probabilities, and (3) the
	hypotheses' predictions of response times and choice probabilities.
	The two-stage-processing hypothesis gave the best account, especially
	for the choice probabilities, whereas the drift-rate-change hypothesis
	had problems predicting choice probabilities as a function of deadlines.},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0031-5117},
  keywords = {Discrimination (Psychology),Humans,Models,Psychological,Signal Detection,Statistical,Visual
	Perception},
  pmid = {16773893},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16773893}
}

@ARTICLE{DiederichBusemeyer03,
  author = {Diederich, Adele and Busemeyer, Jerome R},
  title = {{Simple matrix methods for analyzing diffusion models of choice probability,
	choice response time, and simple response time}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {304--322},
  number = {3},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Diederich, Busemeyer - 2003 - Simple matrix methods for analyzing diffusion models of choice probability, choice response time, and simple response time.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Diederich, Busemeyer - Unknown - Simple Matrix Methods for Analyzing Diffusion Models of Choice Probability, Choice Response Time and Simple Response Time.pdf:pdf},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022249603000038}
}

@ARTICLE{DonkinBrownHeathcoteEtAl11,
  author = {Donkin, Chris and Brown, Scott and Heathcote, Andrew and Wagenmakers,
	Eric-Jan},
  title = {{Diffusion versus linear ballistic accumulation: different models
	but the same conclusions about psychological processes?}},
  journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {61--9},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Quantitative models for response time and accuracy are increasingly
	used as tools to draw conclusions about psychological processes.
	Here we investigate the extent to which these substantive conclusions
	depend on whether researchers use the Ratcliff diffusion model or
	the Linear Ballistic Accumulator model. Simulations show that the
	models agree on the effects of changes in the rate of information
	accumulation and changes in non-decision time, but that they disagree
	on the effects of changes in response caution. In fits to empirical
	data, however, the models tend to agree closely on the effects of
	an experimental manipulation of response caution. We discuss the
	implications of these conflicting results, concluding that real manipulations
	of caution map closely, but not perfectly to response caution in
	either model. Importantly, we conclude that inferences about psychological
	processes made from real data are unlikely to depend on the model
	that is used.},
  doi = {10.3758/s13423-010-0022-4},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1531-5320},
  keywords = {Choice Behavior,Computer Simulation,Decision Making,Humans,Likelihood
	Functions,Linear Models,Mental Processes,Models, Theoretical,Probability,Reaction
	Time,Recognition (Psychology),Uncertainty},
  pmid = {21327360},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3042112\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{Doya08,
  author = {Doya, Kenji},
  title = {{Modulators of decision making.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {410--6},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Human and animal decisions are modulated by a variety of environmental
	and intrinsic contexts. Here I consider computational factors that
	can affect decision making and review anatomical structures and neurochemical
	systems that are related to contextual modulation of decision making.
	Expectation of a high reward can motivate a subject to go for an
	action despite a large cost, a decision that is influenced by dopamine
	in the anterior cingulate cortex. Uncertainty of action outcomes
	can promote risk taking and exploratory choices, in which norepinephrine
	and the orbitofrontal cortex appear to be involved. Predictable environments
	should facilitate consideration of longer-delayed rewards, which
	depends on serotonin in the dorsal striatum and dorsal prefrontal
	cortex. This article aims to sort out factors that affect the process
	of decision making from the viewpoint of reinforcement learning theory
	and to bridge between such computational needs and their neurophysiological
	substrates.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn2077},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Doya - 2008 - Modulators of decision making.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  keywords = {Algorithms,Animals,Computational Biology,Decision Making,Environment,Gyrus
	Cinguli,Gyrus Cinguli: physiology,Humans,Models, Neurological,Models,
	Psychological,Neurotransmitter Agents,Neurotransmitter Agents: physiology,Probability
	Learning,Reward},
  pmid = {18368048},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368048}
}

@ARTICLE{DrewingWieckiErnst08,
  author = {Drewing, Knut and Wiecki, Thomas V and Ernst, Marc O},
  title = {{Material properties determine how force and position signals combine
	in haptic shape perception.}},
  journal = {Acta psychologica},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {128},
  pages = {264--73},
  number = {2},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {When integrating estimates from redundant sensory signals, humans
	seem to weight these estimates according to their reliabilities.
	In the present study, human observers used active touch to judge
	the curvature of a shape. The curvature was specified by positional
	and force signals: When a finger slides across a surface, the finger's
	position follows the surface geometry (position signal). At the same
	time, it is exposed to patterns of forces depending on the gradient
	of the surface (force signal; Robles-de-la-Torre, G., \& Hayward,
	V. (2001). Force can overcome object geometry in the perception of
	shape through active touch. Nature, 412, 445-448). We show that variations
	in the surface's material properties (compliance, friction) influence
	the sensorily available position and force signals, as well as the
	noise associated with these signals. Along with this, material properties
	affect the weights given to the position and force signals for curvature
	judgements. Our findings are consistent with the notion of an observer
	who weights signal estimates according to their reliabilities. That
	is, signal weights shifted with the signal noise, which in the present
	case resulted from active exploration.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.02.002},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Drewing, Wiecki, Ernst - 2008 - Material properties determine how force and position signals combine in haptic shape perception.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0001-6918},
  keywords = {Adult,Female,Form Perception,Humans,Male,Models,Psychological,Signal
	Detection,Touch,Visual Perception},
  pmid = {18359467},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18359467}
}

@ARTICLE{DrugowitschMoreno-BoteChurchlandEtAl12,
  author = {Drugowitsch, J. and Moreno-Bote, R. and Churchland, a. K. and Shadlen,
	M. N. and Pouget, a.},
  title = {{The Cost of Accumulating Evidence in Perceptual Decision Making}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {3612--3628},
  number = {11},
  month = mar,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4010-11.2012},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4010-11.2012}
}

@ARTICLE{DuZhai,
  author = {Du, Xin and Zhai, Jinjian},
  title = {{Algorithm Trading using Q-Learning and Recurrent Reinforcement Learning}},
  pages = {1--7},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Du, Zhai - Unknown - Algorithm Trading using Q-Learning and Recurrent Reinforcement Learning.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {dependent if we use,derivative sharp ratio,investment performance
	is path,policy gradient,portfolio,q-learning,recurrent reinforcement
	learning,sharp ratio,the,utility,value function}
}

@ARTICLE{DuannIdeLuoEtAl09,
  author = {Duann, Jeng-Ren and Ide, Jaime S and Luo, Xi and Li, Chiang-shan
	Ray},
  title = {{Functional connectivity delineates distinct roles of the inferior
	frontal cortex and presupplementary motor area in stop signal inhibition.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {10171--9},
  number = {32},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {The neural basis of motor response inhibition has drawn considerable
	attention in recent imaging literature. Many studies have used the
	go/no-go or stop signal task to examine the neural processes underlying
	motor response inhibition. In particular, showing greater activity
	during no-go (stop) compared with go trials and during stop success
	compared with stop error trials, the right inferior prefrontal cortex
	(IFC) has been suggested by numerous studies as the cortical area
	mediating response inhibition. Many of these same studies as well
	as others have also implicated the presupplementary motor area (preSMA)
	in this process, in accord with a function of the medial prefrontal
	cortex in goal-directed action. Here we used connectivity analyses
	to delineate the roles of IFC and preSMA during stop signal inhibition.
	Specifically, we hypothesized that, as an integral part of the ventral
	attention system, the IFC responds to a stop signal and expedites
	the stop process in the preSMA, the primary site of motor response
	inhibition. This hypothesis predicted that preSMA and primary motor
	cortex would show functional interconnectivity via the basal ganglia
	circuitry to mediate response execution or inhibition, whereas the
	IFC would influence the basal ganglia circuitry via connectivity
	with preSMA. The results of Granger causality analyses in 57 participants
	confirmed this hypothesis. Furthermore, psychophysiological interaction
	showed that, compared with stop errors, stop successes evoked greater
	effective connectivity between the IFC and preSMA, providing additional
	support for this hypothesis. These new findings provided evidence
	critically differentiating the roles of IFC and preSMA during stop
	signal inhibition and have important implications for our understanding
	of the component processes of inhibitory control.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1300-09.2009},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adult,Basal Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: physiology,Brain Mapping,Female,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle
	Aged,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: physiology,Neural Pathways,Neural
	Pathways: physiology,Neuropsychological Tests,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Psychophysics,Reaction Time,Task Performance
	and Analysis,Young Adult,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  language = {en},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {19675251},
  publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/32/10171.full}
}

@ARTICLE{DuqueLabrunaVersetEtAl12,
  author = {Duque, J. and Labruna, L. and Verset, S. and Olivier, E. and Ivry,
	R. B.},
  title = {{Dissociating the Role of Prefrontal and Premotor Cortices in Controlling
	Inhibitory Mechanisms during Motor Preparation}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {806--816},
  number = {3},
  month = jan,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4299-12.2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Duque et al. - 2012 - Dissociating the Role of Prefrontal and Premotor Cortices in Controlling Inhibitory Mechanisms during Motor Preparation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4299-12.2012}
}

@ARTICLE{DurstonBelleZeeuw11,
  author = {Durston, Sarah and van Belle, Janna and de Zeeuw, Patrick},
  title = {{Differentiating frontostriatal and fronto-cerebellar circuits in
	attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.}},
  journal = {Biological psychiatry},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {1178--84},
  number = {12},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has long been conceptualized
	as a neurobiological disorder of the prefrontal cortex and its connections.
	Circuits with the prefrontal cortex relevant to ADHD include dorsal
	frontostriatal, orbitofronto-striatal, and fronto-cerebellar circuits.
	Dorsal frontostriatal circuitry has been linked to cognitive control,
	whereas orbitofronto-striatal loops have been related to reward processing.
	Fronto-cerebellar circuits have been implicated in timing. Neurobiological
	dysfunction in any of these circuits could lead to symptoms of ADHD,
	as behavioral control could be disturbed by: 1) deficits in the prefrontal
	cortex itself; or 2) problems in the circuits relaying information
	to the prefrontal cortex, leading to reduced signaling for control.
	This article suggests a model for differentiating between interlinked
	reciprocal circuits with the prefrontal cortex in ADHD. If such a
	differentiation can be achieved, it might permit a neurobiological
	subtyping of ADHD, perhaps by defining "dorsal fronto-striatal,"
	"orbitofronto-striatal," or "fronto-cerebellar" subtypes of ADHD.
	This could be useful as a template for investigating the neurobiology
	of ADHD and, ultimately, clinically.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.037},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1873-2402},
  keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity,Attention Deficit Disorder
	with Hyperactivity: dia,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity:
	gen,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: phy,Brain Mapping,Brain
	Mapping: methods,Cerebellum,Cerebellum: physiopathology,Cognition,Cognition:
	physiology,Corpus Striatum,Corpus Striatum: physiopathology,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiopathology,Humans,Models,Neural Pathways,Neural
	Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Neural Pathways: physiopathology,Theoretical},
  pmid = {20965496},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20965496}
}

@ARTICLE{DutilhVandekerckhoveForstmannEtAl,
  author = {Dutilh, Gilles and Vandekerckhove, Joachim and Forstmann, B.U. and
	Keuleers, Emmanuel and Brysbaert, Marc and Wagenmakers, E.J.},
  title = {{Testing Theories of Post–Error Slowing}},
  file = {:home/whyking/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Dutilh et al. - Unknown - Testing Theories of Post–Error Slowing.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {diffusion model decomposition,response caution,response time distributions,slowing},
  mendeley-tags = {slowing},
  url = {http://gillesdutilh.com/pdf/papers/Dutilh\_etal\_theories\_of\_pes\_journal.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{EckardtPoland04,
  author = {Eckardt, B Von and Poland, JS},
  title = {{Mechanism and explanation in cognitive neuroscience}},
  journal = {Philosophy of science},
  year = {2004},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/425946}
}

@ARTICLE{Eimer95,
  author = {Eimer, M},
  title = {{S-R compatibility and response selection}},
  journal = {Acta Psychologica},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {90},
  pages = {301--313},
  number = {1-3},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {In serial stage models, perception and action are usually thought
	to be linked to each other by an S-R translation mechanism. However,
	phenomena of S-R compatibility suggest a more direct relationship
	between perceptual and action domains. We discuss behavioral and
	psychophysiological evidence that irrelevant stimulus information
	automatically activates response codes, but then decays over time.
	In a series of reaction time studies and electrophysiological experiments,
	we investigated both temporal and functional properties of the assumed
	automatic response activation process. We found that the amount of
	interference due to irrelevant spatial information depends upon how
	long its availability precedes that of the information relevant for
	response selection. This indicates that response activation decays
	rather quickly. If response-relevant and irrelevant spatial information
	are simultaneously available, electrophysiological measurements show
	that automatic activation of the spatially corresponding response
	rises soon after stimulus onset, but then dissipates and gets replaced
	by the activation of the response indicated by the relevant stimulus
	attribute. We conclude that these findings do not support a pure
	translation account, but rather suggest the presence of two parallel
	and (at least partially) independent routes from perception to action:
	A direct route, allowing for automatic activation of response codes
	if stimulus and response features overlap, and an indirect route
	linking S and R codes in an arbitrary manner. Via the direct route
	responses may be primed independent of task-specific contingencies,
	while the correct response is selected via the indirect route. This
	use suggests that (a) the transmission of stimulus information to
	response stages does not (fully) depend on task relevance and that
	(b) different stimulus features can be transmitted asynchronously
	and independently from one another.},
  doi = {10.1016/0001-6918(95)00022-M},
  issn = {00016918},
  keywords = {dual-route,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {dual-route,response inhibition},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(95)00022-M}
}

@ARTICLE{EliasmithStewartChooEtAl12,
  author = {Eliasmith, C. and Stewart, T. C. and Choo, X. and Bekolay, T. and
	DeWolf, T. and Tang, C. and Rasmussen, D.},
  title = {{A Large-Scale Model of the Functioning Brain}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {338},
  pages = {1202--1205},
  number = {6111},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1126/science.1225266},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Eliasmith et al. - 2012 - A Large-Scale Model of the Functioning Brain.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1225266}
}

@MISC{EmericBrownBoucherEtAl07,
  author = {Emeric, Erik E. and Brown, Joshua W. and Boucher, Leanne and Carpenter,
	Roger H.S. and Hanes, Doug P. and Harris, Robin and Logan, Gordon
	D. and Mashru, Reena N. and Par\&eacute;, Martin and Pouget, Pierre
	and Stuphorn, Veit and Taylor, Tracy L. and Schall, Jeffrey D.},
  title = {{No Title}},
  year = {2007},
  abstract = {The stop-signal or countermanding task probes the ability to control
	action by requiring subjects to withhold a planned movement in response
	to an infrequent stop signal which they do with variable success
	depending on the delay of the stop signal. We investigated whether
	performance of humans and macaque monkeys in a saccade countermanding
	task was influenced by stimulus and performance history. In spite
	of idiosyncrasies across subjects several trends were evident in
	both humans and monkeys. Response time decreased after successive
	trials with no stop signal. Response time increased after successive
	trials with a stop signal. However, post-error slowing was not observed.
	Increased response time was observed mainly or only after cancelled
	(signal inhibit) trials and not after noncancelled (signal respond)
	trials. These global trends were based on rapid adjustments of response
	time in response to momentary fluctuations in the fraction of stop
	signal trials. The effects of trial sequence on the probability of
	responding were weaker and more idiosyncratic across subjects when
	stop signal fraction was fixed. However, both response time and probability
	of responding were influenced strongly by variations in the fraction
	of stop signal trials. These results indicate that the race model
	of countermanding performance requires extension to account for these
	sequential dependencies and provide a basis for physiological studies
	of executive control of countermanding saccade performance.},
  booktitle = {Vision Research},
  doi = {doi:10.1016/j.visres.2006.08.032},
  keywords = {Executive control,Race model,Reaction time,Saccade latency,Sequential
	effect,Serial order,Stop signal task},
  number = {1},
  pages = {14},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.visres.2006.08.032},
  volume = {47}
}

@ARTICLE{EmericBrownLeslieEtAl08,
  author = {Emeric, Erik E and Brown, Joshua W and Leslie, Melanie and Pouget,
	Pierre and Stuphorn, Veit and Schall, Jeffrey D},
  title = {{Performance monitoring local field potentials in the medial frontal
	cortex of primates: anterior cingulate cortex.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {99},
  pages = {759--72},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {We describe intracranial local field potentials (LFP) recorded in
	the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of macaque monkeys performing
	a saccade countermanding task. The most prominent feature at approximately
	70\% of sites was greater negative polarity after errors than after
	rewarded correct trials. This negative polarity was also evoked in
	unrewarded correct trials. The LFP evoked by the visual target was
	much less polarized, and the weak presaccadic modulation was insufficient
	to control the initiation of saccades. When saccades were cancelled,
	LFP modulation decreased slightly with the magnitude of response
	conflict that corresponds to the coactivation of gaze-shifting and
	-holding neurons estimated from the probability of canceling. However,
	response time adjustments on subsequent trials were not correlated
	with LFP polarity on individual trials. The results provide clear
	evidence that error- and feedback-related, but not conflict-related,
	signals are carried by the LFP in the macaque ACC. Finding performance
	monitoring field potentials in the ACC of macaque monkeys establishes
	a bridge between event-related potential and functional brain-imaging
	studies in humans and neurophysiology studies in non-human primates.},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00896.2006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Emeric et al. - 2008 - Performance monitoring local field potentials in the medial frontal cortex of primates anterior cingulate cortex.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0022-3077},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain Mapping,Conflict (Psychology),Discrimination (Psychology),Discrimination
	(Psychology): physiology,Evoked Potentials,Evoked Potentials: physiology,FEF,Feedback,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality:
	physiology,Inhibition (Psychology),Macaca radiata,Macaca radiata:
	anatomy \& histology,Macaca radiata: physiology,Male,Photic Stimulation,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,SEF,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Visual
	Fields,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {FEF,SEF,response inhibition},
  pmid = {18077665},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2675936\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{EmericLesliePougetEtAl10,
  author = {Emeric, Erik E and Leslie, Melanie and Pouget, Pierre and Schall,
	Jeffrey D},
  title = {{Performance monitoring local field potentials in the medial frontal
	cortex of primates: supplementary eye field.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {104},
  pages = {1523--37},
  number = {3},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {We describe intracranial local field potentials (LFPs) recorded in
	the supplementary eye field (SEF) of macaque monkeys performing a
	saccade countermanding task. The most prominent feature at 90\% of
	the sites was a negative-going polarization evoked by a contralateral
	visual target. At roughly 50\% of sites a negative-going polarization
	was observed preceding saccades, but in stop signal trials this polarization
	was not modulated in a manner sufficient to control saccade initiation.
	When saccades were canceled in stop signal trials, LFP modulation
	increased with the inferred magnitude of response conflict derived
	from the coactivation of gaze-shifting and gaze-holding neurons.
	At 30\% of sites, a pronounced negative-going polarization occurred
	after errors. This negative polarity did not appear in unrewarded
	correct trials. Variations of response time with trial history were
	not related to any features of the LFP. The results provide new evidence
	that error-related and conflict-related but not feedback-related
	signals are conveyed by the LFP in the macaque SEF and are important
	for identifying the generator of the error-related negativity.},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.01001.2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Emeric et al. - 2010 - Performance monitoring local field potentials in the medial frontal cortex of primates supplementary eye field.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1522-1598},
  keywords = {Animals,FEF,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Macaca radiata,Male,Photic
	Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal
	Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance:
	physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,SEF,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {FEF,SEF,response inhibition},
  pmid = {20660423},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2944693\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{ErscheJonesWilliamsEtAl12,
  author = {Ersche, Karen D. and Jones, P. Simon and Williams, Guy B. and Turton,
	Abigail J. and Robbins, Trevor W. and Bullmore, Edward T.},
  title = {{Abnormal brain structure implicated in stimulant drug addiction.}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {335},
  pages = {601--604},
  number = {6068},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Addiction to drugs is a major contemporary public health issue, characterized
	by maladaptive behavior to obtain and consume an increasing amount
	of drugs at the expense of the individual's health and social and
	personal life. We discovered abnormalities in fronto-striatal brain
	systems implicated in self-control in both stimulant-dependent individuals
	and their biological siblings who have no history of chronic drug
	abuse; these findings support the idea of an underlying neurocognitive
	endophenotype for stimulant drug addiction.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1214463},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ersche et al. - 2012 - Abnormal brain structure implicated in stimulant drug addiction.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  pmid = {22301321},
  url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1214463 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22301321}
}

@ARTICLE{EverlingDorrisKleinEtAl99,
  author = {Everling, S and Dorris, M C and Klein, R M and Munoz, D P},
  title = {{Role of primate superior colliculus in preparation and execution
	of anti-saccades and pro-saccades.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {2740--54},
  number = {7},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {We investigated how the brain switches between the preparation of
	a movement where a stimulus is the target of the movement, and a
	movement where a stimulus serves as a landmark for an instructed
	movement elsewhere. Monkeys were trained on a pro-/anti-saccade paradigm
	in which they either had to generate a pro-saccade toward a visual
	stimulus or an anti-saccade away from the stimulus to its mirror
	position, depending on the color of an initial fixation point. Neural
	activity was recorded in the superior colliculus (SC), a structure
	that is known to be involved in the generation of fast saccades,
	to determine whether it was also involved in the generation of anti-saccades.
	On anti-saccade trials, fixation during the instruction period was
	associated with an increased activity of collicular fixation-related
	neurons and a decreased activity of saccade-related neurons. Stimulus-related
	and saccade-related activity was reduced on anti-saccade trials.
	Our results demonstrate that the anti-saccade task involves (and
	may require) the attenuation of preparatory and stimulus-related
	activity in the SC to avoid unwanted pro-saccades. Because the attenuated
	pre-saccade activity that we found in the SC may be insufficient
	by itself to elicit correct anti-saccades, additional movement signals
	from other brain areas are presumably required.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Everling et al. - 1999 - Role of primate superior colliculus in preparation and execution of anti-saccades and pro-saccades.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  keywords = {Animals,Linear Models,Macaca mulatta,Male,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Photic
	Stimulation,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Superior Colliculi,Superior
	Colliculi: cytology,Superior Colliculi: physiology,antisaccade},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade},
  pmid = {10087086},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10087086}
}

@ARTICLE{EverlingMunoz00,
  author = {Everling, S and Munoz, D P},
  title = {{Neuronal correlates for preparatory set associated with pro-saccades
	and anti-saccades in the primate frontal eye field.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {387--400},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Diversity in behavioral responses to sensory stimuli has been attributed
	to variations in preparatory set. Variability in oculomotor responses
	toward identical visual stimuli has been well documented, but the
	neuronal processes underlying this variability are poorly understood.
	Here, we report evidence for set-related activity for saccadic eye
	movements in single neurons in the frontal eye field (FEF) in monkeys
	trained on a task in which they either had to look toward a visual
	stimulus (pro-saccade) or away from the stimulus (anti-saccade) depending
	on a previous instruction. A portion of FEF neurons were identified
	as neurons projecting directly to the superior colliculus (SC) with
	antidromic activation techniques. Saccade-related neurons in the
	FEF had lower prestimulus and stimulus-related activity on anti-saccade
	trials compared with pro-saccade trials. The level of prestimulus
	activity correlated with saccadic reaction times, express saccade
	occurrence, and errors in the anti-saccade task. In addition, saccade-related
	activity in the FEF was higher for pro-saccades than for anti-saccades.
	These results demonstrate that the direct descending pathway from
	the FEF to the SC carries preparatory set-related activity for pro-saccades
	and anti-saccades. The results also provide insights into the neuronal
	basis of variations in saccadic reaction times and in the control
	of the prepotent response to glance to a flashed stimulus.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Everling, Munoz - 2000 - Neuronal correlates for preparatory set associated with pro-saccades and anti-saccades in the primate frontal eye field.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Behavior,Electrophysiology,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: cytology,Macaca mulatta,Male,Neural Pathways,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Superior Colliculi,Superior Colliculi: cytology,antisaccade},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade},
  pmid = {10627615},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10627615}
}

@ARTICLE{FairBathulaNikolasEtAl12,
  author = {Fair, D. a. and Bathula, D. and Nikolas, M. a. and Nigg, J. T.},
  title = {{Distinct neuropsychological subgroups in typically developing youth
	inform heterogeneity in children with ADHD}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year = {2012},
  month = apr,
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1115365109},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0027-8424},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1115365109}
}

@ARTICLE{FarleyPriceMcCulloughEtAl78,
  author = {Farley, I. and Price, K. and McCullough, E and Deck, J. and Hordynski,
	W and Hornykiewicz, O},
  title = {{Norepinephrine in chronic paranoid schizophrenia: above-normal levels
	in limbic forebrain}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {200},
  pages = {456--458},
  number = {4340},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {In postmortem examination of brains of four patients with chronic
	paranoid schizophrenia, above-normal norepinephrine levels were measured
	in the ventral septum, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the
	nucleus accumbens, and the mammillary bodies. No changes were detected
	in other limbic forebrain regions, including the hypothalamus and
	the medial olfactory (preoptic) area. The results point to the possibility
	of a malfunction of limbic noradrenergic mechanisms in schizophrenia,
	especially the paranoid variety.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.644310},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  keywords = {NE,SZ},
  mendeley-tags = {NE,SZ},
  url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/200/4340/456.abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{FearnheadPrangle12,
  author = {Fearnhead, Paul and Prangle, Dennis},
  title = {{Constructing summary statistics for approximate Bayesian computation:
	semi-automatic approximate Bayesian computation}},
  journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {419--474},
  number = {3},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9868.2011.01010.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Fearnhead, Prangle - 2012 - Constructing summary statistics for approximate Bayesian computation semi-automatic approximate Bayesian computation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {13697412},
  keywords = {indirect inference,likelihood-free inference,markov chain monte carlo,methods,simulation,stochastic
	kinetic networks},
  url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-9868.2011.01010.x}
}

@BOOK{Feller68,
  title = {{An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol.
	1, 3rd Edition}},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  year = {1968},
  author = {Feller, William},
  pages = {509},
  isbn = {0471257087},
  url = {http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Probability-Theory-Applications-Edition/dp/0471257087}
}

@ARTICLE{FerreraYanikeCassanello09,
  author = {Ferrera, Vincent P and Yanike, Marianna and Cassanello, Carlos},
  title = {{Frontal eye field neurons signal changes in decision criteria.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {1458--62},
  number = {11},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Flexible links between sensory stimuli and behavioral responses underlie
	many cognitive processes. One process that contributes to flexible
	decision-making is categorization. Some categories are innate or
	overlearned, but, in many cases, category boundaries represent flexible
	decision criteria that can shift on the fly to adapt to changes in
	the environment. The ability to shift category boundaries allows
	decision-making to adapt to changing circumstances. We found that
	monkeys were able to switch rapidly between two category boundaries
	when classifying the speed of a moving dot pattern and that neurons
	in monkey frontal eye field (FEF) changed their activity when the
	boundary changed. The responses of a subpopulation of FEF neurons
	that were sensitive to both stimulus and boundary speed were used
	to classify the stimuli as accurately as the monkeys' performance.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2434},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ferrera, Yanike, Cassanello - 2009 - Frontal eye field neurons signal changes in decision criteria.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1546-1726},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain Mapping,Color Perception,Color Perception: physiology,Decision
	Making,Decision Making: physiology,Electric Stimulation,Electric
	Stimulation: methods,Macaca mulatta,Male,Memory, Short-Term,Memory,
	Short-Term: physiology,Motion Perception,Motion Perception: physiology,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Neuropsychological Tests,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation:
	methods,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Statistics as Topic,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: cytology,Visual
	Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways:
	physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology},
  pmid = {19855389},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19855389}
}

@ARTICLE{Fiorillo10,
  author = {Fiorillo, Christopher D},
  title = {{A neurocentric approach to Bayesian inference.}},
  journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {605; author reply 605},
  number = {8},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1038/nrn2787-c1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Fiorillo - 2010 - A neurocentric approach to Bayesian inference.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1471-0048},
  keywords = {Animals,Bayes Theorem,Brain,Brain: physiology,Humans,Nerve Net,Nerve
	Net: physiology},
  pmid = {20631714},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631714}
}

@ARTICLE{FordEverling09,
  author = {Ford, Kristen a and Everling, Stefan},
  title = {{Neural activity in primate caudate nucleus associated with pro-
	and antisaccades.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {102},
  pages = {2334--41},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {The basal ganglia (BG) play a central role in movement and it has
	been demonstrated that the discharge rate of neurons in these structures
	are modulated by the behavioral context of a given task. Here we
	used the antisaccade task, in which a saccade toward a flashed visual
	stimulus must be inhibited in favor of a saccade to the opposite
	location, to investigate the role of the caudate nucleus, a major
	input structure of the BG, in flexible behavior. In this study, we
	recorded extracellular neuronal activity while monkeys performed
	pro- and antisaccade trials. We identified two populations of neurons:
	those that preferred contralateral saccades (CSNs) and those that
	preferred ipsilateral saccades (ISNs). CSNs increased their firing
	rates for prosaccades, but not for antisaccades, and ISNs increased
	their firing rates for antisaccades, but not for prosaccades. We
	propose a model in which CSNs project to the direct BG pathway, facilitating
	saccades, and ISNs project to the indirect pathway, suppressing saccades.
	This model suggests one possible mechanism by which these neuronal
	populations could be modulating activity in the superior colliculus.},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00125.2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ford, Everling - 2009 - Neural activity in primate caudate nucleus associated with pro- and antisaccades.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1522-1598},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Analysis of Variance,Animals,Caudate Nucleus,Caudate
	Nucleus: physiology,Cues,Functional Laterality,Macaca mulatta,Male,Microelectrodes,Models,
	Neurological,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: physiology,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,Saccades,Saccades: physiology},
  pmid = {19692516},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19692516}
}

@ARTICLE{ForstmannDutilhBrownEtAl08,
  author = {Forstmann, Birte U and Dutilh, Gilles and Brown, Scott and Neumann,
	Jane and von Cramon, D Yves and Ridderinkhof, K Richard and Wagenmakers,
	Eric-Jan},
  title = {{Striatum and pre-SMA facilitate decision-making under time pressure.}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
	of America},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {105},
  pages = {17538--42},
  number = {45},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Human decision-making almost always takes place under time pressure.
	When people are engaged in activities such as shopping, driving,
	or playing chess, they have to continually balance the demands for
	fast decisions against the demands for accurate decisions. In the
	cognitive sciences, this balance is thought to be modulated by a
	response threshold, the neural substrate of which is currently subject
	to speculation. In a speed decision-making experiment, we presented
	participants with cues that indicated different requirements for
	response speed. Application of a mathematical model for the behavioral
	data confirmed that cueing for speed lowered the response threshold.
	Functional neuroimaging showed that cueing for speed activates the
	striatum and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), brain structures
	that are part of a closed-loop motor circuit involved in the preparation
	of voluntary action plans. Moreover, activation in the striatum is
	known to release the motor system from global inhibition, thereby
	facilitating faster but possibly premature actions. Finally, the
	data show that individual variation in the activation of striatum
	and pre-SMA is selectively associated with individual variation in
	the amplitude of the adjustments in the response threshold estimated
	by the mathematical model. These results demonstrate that when people
	have to make decisions under time pressure their striatum and pre-SMA
	show increased levels of activation.},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.0805903105},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Forstmann et al. - 2008 - Striatum and pre-SMA facilitate decision-making under time pressure.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  keywords = {Corpus Striatum,Corpus Striatum: physiology,Decision Making,Decision
	Making: physiology,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Models,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance:
	physiology,Reaction Time,Theoretical,Time Factors},
  pmid = {18981414},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2582260\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/105/45/17538}
}

@ARTICLE{ForstmannTittgemeyerWagenmakersEtAl11,
  author = {Forstmann, Birte U and Tittgemeyer, Marc and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan
	and Derrfuss, Jan and Imperati, Davide and Brown, Scott},
  title = {{The speed-accuracy tradeoff in the elderly brain: a structural model-based
	approach.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {17242--9},
  number = {47},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Even in the simplest laboratory tasks older adults generally take
	more time to respond than young adults. One of the reasons for this
	age-related slowing is that older adults are reluctant to commit
	errors, a cautious attitude that prompts them to accumulate more
	information before making a decision (Rabbitt, 1979). This suggests
	that age-related slowing may be partly due to unwillingness on behalf
	of elderly participants to adopt a fast-but-careless setting when
	asked. We investigate the neuroanatomical and neurocognitive basis
	of age-related slowing in a perceptual decision-making task where
	cues instructed young and old participants to respond either quickly
	or accurately. Mathematical modeling of the behavioral data confirmed
	that cueing for speed encouraged participants to set low response
	thresholds, but this was more evident in younger than older participants.
	Diffusion weighted structural images suggest that the more cautious
	threshold settings of older participants may be due to a reduction
	of white matter integrity in corticostriatal tracts that connect
	the pre-SMA to the striatum. These results are consistent with the
	striatal account of the speed-accuracy tradeoff according to which
	an increased emphasis on response speed increases the cortical input
	to the striatum, resulting in global disinhibition of the cortex.
	Our findings suggest that the unwillingness of older adults to adopt
	fast speed-accuracy tradeoff settings may not just reflect a strategic
	choice that is entirely under voluntary control, but that it may
	also reflect structural limitations: age-related decrements in brain
	connectivity.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0309-11.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Forstmann et al. - 2011 - The speed-accuracy tradeoff in the elderly brain a structural model-based approach.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {aging,diffusion weighted imaging,response time modeling,sat},
  pmid = {22114290},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22114290}
}

@ARTICLE{FoxSudderthJordanEtAl10,
  author = {Fox, Emily B and Sudderth, Erik B and Jordan, Michael I and Willsky,
	Alan S},
  title = {{Stochastic process priors for dynamical systems}},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {43--54},
  number = {November},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Fox et al. - 2010 - Stochastic process priors for dynamical systems.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{FrankDollOas-TerpstraEtAl09,
  author = {Frank, Michael J and Doll, Bradley B and Oas-Terpstra, Jen and Moreno,
	Francisco},
  title = {{Prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic genes predict individual differences
	in exploration and exploitation.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {1062--8},
  number = {8},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {The basal ganglia support learning to exploit decisions that have
	yielded positive outcomes in the past. In contrast, limited evidence
	implicates the prefrontal cortex in the process of making strategic
	exploratory decisions when the magnitude of potential outcomes is
	unknown. Here we examine neurogenetic contributions to individual
	differences in these distinct aspects of motivated human behavior,
	using a temporal decision-making task and computational analysis.
	We show that two genes controlling striatal dopamine function, DARPP-32
	(also called PPP1R1B) and DRD2, are associated with exploitative
	learning to adjust response times incrementally as a function of
	positive and negative decision outcomes. In contrast, a gene primarily
	controlling prefrontal dopamine function (COMT) is associated with
	a particular type of 'directed exploration', in which exploratory
	decisions are made in proportion to Bayesian uncertainty about whether
	other choices might produce outcomes that are better than the status
	quo. Quantitative model fits reveal that genetic factors modulate
	independent parameters of a reinforcement learning system.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2342},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Frank et al. - 2009 - Prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic genes predict individual differences in exploration and exploitation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1546-1726},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Algorithms,Bayes Theorem,Catechol O-Methyltransferase,Catechol
	O-Methyltransferase: genetics,Computer Simulation,Corpus Striatum,Corpus
	Striatum: metabolism,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Dopamine,Dopamine
	and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32,Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated
	Phosphoprotein 32: gen,Dopamine: metabolism,Exploratory Behavior,Exploratory
	Behavior: physiology,Female,Humans,Learning,Learning: physiology,Male,Motivation,Neuropsychological
	Tests,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: metabolism,Reinforcement
	(Psychology),Time Perception,Young Adult},
  pmid = {19620978},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3062477\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{FrankOReilly06,
  author = {Frank, Michael J and O'Reilly, Randall C},
  title = {{A mechanistic account of striatal dopamine function in human cognition:
	psychopharmacological studies with cabergoline and haloperidol.}},
  journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {120},
  pages = {497--517},
  number = {3},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {The authors test a neurocomputational model of dopamine function in
	cognition by administering to healthy participants low doses of D2
	agents cabergoline and haloperidol. The model suggests that DA dynamically
	modulates the balance of Go and No-Go basal ganglia pathways during
	cognitive learning and performance. Cabergoline impaired, while haloperidol
	enhanced, Go learning from positive reinforcement, consistent with
	presynaptic drug effects. Cabergoline also caused an overall bias
	toward Go responding, consistent with postsynaptic action. These
	same effects extended to working memory and attentional domains,
	supporting the idea that the basal ganglia/dopamine system modulates
	the updating of prefrontal representations. Drug effects interacted
	with baseline working memory span in all tasks. Taken together, the
	results support a unified account of the role of dopamine in modulating
	cognitive processes that depend on the basal ganglia.},
  doi = {10.1037/0735-7044.120.3.497},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Frank, O'Reilly - 2006 - A mechanistic account of striatal dopamine function in human cognition psychopharmacological studies with cabergoline and haloperidol.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1939-0084},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attention,Attention: drug effects,Choice Behavior,Choice
	Behavior: drug effects,Cognition,Cognition: drug effects,Computer
	Simulation,Corpus Striatum,Corpus Striatum: drug effects,Corpus Striatum:
	metabolism,Dopamine,Dopamine Agonists,Dopamine Agonists: pharmacology,Dopamine
	Antagonists,Dopamine Antagonists: pharmacology,Dopamine: metabolism,Ergolines,Ergolines:
	pharmacology,Female,Generalization (Psychology),Generalization (Psychology):
	drug effects,Haloperidol,Haloperidol: pharmacology,Humans,Male,Memory,
	Short-Term,Memory, Short-Term: drug effects,Models, Neurological,Neuropsychological
	Tests,Probability Learning,Prolactin,Prolactin: blood,Young Adult},
  pmid = {16768602},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16768602}
}

@ARTICLE{FrankSamantaMoustafaEtAl07,
  author = {Frank, Michael J and Samanta, Johan and Moustafa, Ahmed A and Sherman,
	Scott J},
  title = {{Hold your horses: impulsivity, deep brain stimulation, and medication
	in parkinsonism.}},
  journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {318},
  pages = {1309--12},
  number = {5854},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus markedly improves
	the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but causes cognitive side
	effects such as impulsivity. We showed that DBS selectively interferes
	with the normal ability to slow down when faced with decision conflict.
	While on DBS, patients actually sped up their decisions under high-conflict
	conditions. This form of impulsivity was not affected by dopaminergic
	medication status. Instead, medication impaired patients' ability
	to learn from negative decision outcomes. These findings implicate
	independent mechanisms leading to impulsivity in treated Parkinson's
	patients and were predicted by a single neurocomputational model
	of the basal ganglia.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1146157},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  keywords = {Aged,Antiparkinson Agents,Antiparkinson Agents: administration \&
	dosage,Antiparkinson Agents: adverse effects,Antiparkinson Agents:
	therapeutic use,Basal Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: physiology,Conflict
	(Psychology),Decision Making,Deep Brain Stimulation,Deep Brain Stimulation:
	adverse effects,Dopamine Agents,Dopamine Agents: administration \&
	dosage,Dopamine Agents: adverse effects,Dopamine Agents: therapeutic
	use,Female,Humans,Impulsive Behavior,Impulsive Behavior: etiology,Learning,Levodopa,Levodopa:
	administration \& dosage,Levodopa: adverse effects,Levodopa: therapeutic
	use,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Neurological,Neural Networks (Computer),Parkinson
	Disease,Parkinson Disease: physiopathology,Parkinson Disease: psychology,Parkinson
	Disease: therapy,Reaction Time,Reinforcement (Psychology),Subthalamic
	Nucleus,Subthalamic Nucleus: physiology},
  pmid = {17962524},
  url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/318/5854/1309.abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{FreidinKacelnik11,
  author = {Freidin, E. and Kacelnik, a.},
  title = {{Rational Choice, Context Dependence, and the Value of Information
	in European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)}},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {334},
  pages = {1000--1002},
  number = {6058},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1126/science.1209626},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1209626}
}

@ARTICLE{FreyJojic05,
  author = {Frey, BJ and Jojic, N},
  title = {{A comparison of algorithms for inference and learning in probabilistic
	graphical models}},
  journal = {Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, \ldots},
  year = {2005},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs\_all.jsp?arnumber=1471706}
}

@ARTICLE{FriedmanMiyake08,
  author = {Friedman, NP and Miyake, Akira},
  title = {{Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely
	genetic in origin.}},
  journal = {Journal of \ldots},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {137},
  pages = {201--225},
  number = {2},
  doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.201.Individual},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Friedman, Miyake - 2008 - Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {executive control,heritability,inhibition,task switching,updating},
  url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/xge/137/2/201/}
}

@ARTICLE{FriedmanMiyakeYoungEtAl09,
  author = {Friedman, Naomi P and Miyake, Akira and Young, Susan E and Defries,
	John C and Corley, Robin P and Hewitt, John K},
  title = {{Genetic in Origin}},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {137},
  pages = {201--225},
  number = {2},
  doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.201.Individual},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Friedman, Miyake - 2008 - Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {executive control,heritability,inhibition,task switching,updating}
}

@ARTICLE{FunahashiBruceGoldman-Rakic89,
  author = {Funahashi, S. and Bruce, C. J. and Goldman-Rakic, P. S.},
  title = {{Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal
	cortex}},
  journal = {J Neurophysiol},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {331--349},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  file = {::},
  url = {http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/61/2/331}
}

@ARTICLE{GaalLammeRidderinkhof10,
  author = {van Gaal, Simon and Lamme, Victor a F and Ridderinkhof, K Richard},
  title = {{Unconsciously triggered conflict adaptation.}},
  journal = {PloS one},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {e11508},
  number = {7},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {In conflict tasks such as the Stroop, the Eriksen flanker or the Simon
	task, it is generally observed that the detection of conflict in
	the current trial reduces the impact of conflicting information in
	the subsequent trial; a phenomenon termed conflict adaptation. This
	higher-order cognitive control function has been assumed to be restricted
	to cases where conflict is experienced consciously. In the present
	experiment we manipulated the awareness of conflict-inducing stimuli
	in a metacontrast masking paradigm to directly test this assumption.
	Conflicting response tendencies were elicited either consciously
	(through primes that were weakly masked) or unconsciously (strongly
	masked primes). We demonstrate trial-by-trial conflict adaptation
	effects after conscious as well as unconscious conflict, which could
	not be explained by direct stimulus/response repetitions. These findings
	show that unconscious information can have a longer-lasting influence
	on our behavior than previously thought and further stretch the functional
	boundaries of unconscious cognition.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0011508},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/van Gaal, Lamme, Ridderinkhof - 2010 - Unconsciously triggered conflict adaptation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  pmid = {20634898},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634898}
}

@ARTICLE{GaalScholteLammeEtAl09,
  author = {Gaal, Simon Van and Scholte, H Steven and Lamme, Victor A F and Fahrenfort,
	Johannes J and Ridderinkhof, K Richard},
  title = {{nc or re ct Pr oo f or re ct Pr oo nc f}},
  journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1--9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gaal et al. - 2009 - nc or re ct Pr oo f or re ct Pr oo nc f.pdf:pdf}
}

@BOOK{GamermanLopes06,
  title = {{Markov chain Monte Carlo: stochastic simulation for Bayesian inference}},
  publisher = {Chapman $\backslash$\& Hall/CRC},
  year = {2006},
  author = {Gamerman, D and Lopes, HF},
  isbn = {1584885874},
  url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=yPvECi\_L3bwC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PR13\&dq=gamerman+bayesian\&ots=NisYwWffgg\&sig=WI3OIzsaVzc-mRbr\_DceissL7jk}
}

@BOOK{GamermanLopes06a,
  title = {{Markov Chain Monte Carlo: Stochastic Simulation for Bayesian Inference,
	Second Edition}},
  publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC},
  year = {2006},
  author = {Gamerman, Dani and Lopes, Hedibert F.},
  url = {http://www.amazon.com/Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo-Statistical/dp/1584885874}
}

@ARTICLE{Gelman06,
  author = {Gelman, Andrew},
  title = {{Prior distributions for variance parameters in hierarchical models}},
  journal = {Analysis},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {515--533},
  number = {3},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Prior distributions for variance parameters in
	hierarchical models - Gelman, Andrew ) And Duplicate 2 ( Prior distributions
	for variance parameters in hierarchical models ( Comment on Article
	by Browne and Draper ) - Gelman, Andrew ) },
  file = {::;::},
  keywords = {bayesian inference,bution,conditional conjugacy,folded-noncentral-t
	distri-,half-t distribution,hierarchical model,multilevel model,noninformative,prior
	distribution,weakly informative prior distribution}
}

@BOOK{GelmanCarlinSternEtAl03,
  title = {{Bayesian data analysis}},
  publisher = {Chapman $\backslash$\& Hall/CRC},
  year = {2003},
  author = {Gelman, A and Carlin, JB and Stern, HS and Rubin, DB},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=TNYhnkXQSjAC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PP1\&dq=Gelman+Carlin+Stern+04\&ots=5H4S8DAwH3\&sig=W9fgGzxMiklkMGA2fnwQACTz8BY}
}

@ARTICLE{GelmanDykHuangEtAl08,
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and van Dyk, David a and Huang, Zaiying and Boscardin,
	John W},
  title = {{Using Redundant Parameterizations to Fit Hierarchical Models}},
  journal = {Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {95--122},
  number = {1},
  month = mar,
  doi = {10.1198/106186008X287337},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1061-8600},
  keywords = {andrew gelman is professor,bayesian computation,blessing of dimensionality,carlo,columbia,department
	of political science,department of statistics and,markov chain monte,mixed
	effects models,multilevel modeling,px-em algorithm,random effects,redundant
	parameterization,regression,working parameters},
  url = {http://pubs.amstat.org/doi/abs/10.1198/106186008X287337}
}

@ARTICLE{GelmanHillYajima09,
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and Hill, Jennifer and Yajima, M.},
  title = {{Why we (usually) don't have to worry about multiple comparisons}},
  journal = {Arxiv preprint arXiv:0907.2478},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1--25},
  file = {::},
  keywords = {bayesian inference,error,hierarchical modeling,multiple comparisons,statistical
	significance,type s},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.2478}
}

@ARTICLE{GelmanShalizi11,
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and Shalizi, Cosma Rohilla},
  title = {{Philosophy and the practice of Bayesian statistics}},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {1--36},
  number = {1996},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {arXiv:1006.3868v4},
  eprint = {arXiv:1006.3868v4},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gelman, Shalizi - 2011 - Philosophy and the practice of Bayesian statistics.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{GeorgeJenkinsKillcross11,
  author = {George, David N and Jenkins, Trisha a and Killcross, Simon},
  title = {{Dissociation of prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens dopaminergic
	systems in conditional learning in rats.}},
  journal = {Behavioural brain research},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {225},
  pages = {47--55},
  number = {1},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {There is converging evidence that the prefrontal and mesolimbic dopaminergic
	(DAergic) systems are involved in the performance of a variety of
	tasks that require the use of contextual, or task-setting, information
	to select an appropriate response from a number of candidate responses.
	Performance on tasks of this nature are impaired in schizophrenia
	and in rats exposed to psychotomimetics; impairments that are often
	attenuated by administration of dopamine (DA) antagonists. Rats were
	trained on either a complex instrumental discrimination task, that
	required the use of task-setting cues, or a simple discrimination
	task that did not. Following training, microdialysis probes were
	implanted unilaterally in either the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)
	or nucleus accumbens (NAc) and samples were collected in freely moving
	animals during a behavioural test session. In Experiment 1, we found
	no difference in levels of DA in the mPFC of rats while they were
	performing the two discrimination tasks. Rats that performed the
	complex task did, however, show significantly higher mPFC DA levels
	relative to rats in the simple discrimination condition following
	the end of the behavioural test session. In Experiment 2, rats performing
	the conditional discrimination showed lower levels of DA in the NAc
	compared to the simple discrimination group both during the test
	session and after it. These results provide direct evidence that
	conditional discrimination tasks engage frontal and mesolimbic DAergic
	systems and are consistent with the proposal that regulation of fronto-striatal
	DA is involved in aspects of cognitive control that are known to
	be impaired in individuals with schizophrenia.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.028},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/George, Jenkins, Killcross - 2011 - Dissociation of prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens dopaminergic systems in conditional learning in rats.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {1872-7549},
  keywords = {conditional learning},
  pmid = {21741412},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741412}
}

@ARTICLE{GershmanBlei12,
  author = {Gershman, Samuel J. and Blei, David M.},
  title = {{A tutorial on Bayesian nonparametric models}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {1--12},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( A tutorial on Bayesian nonparametric models -
	Gershman, Samuel J.; Blei, David M. )


	 From Duplicate 3 ( A tutorial on Bayesian nonparametric models -
	Gershman, Samuel J.; Blei, David M. )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( A tutorial on Bayesian nonparametric models -
	Gershman, Samuel J.; Blei, David M. )








	 From Duplicate 2 ( A tutorial on Bayesian nonparametric models -
	Gershman, Samuel J.; Blei, David M. )




	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2011.08.004},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gershman, Blei - 2012 - A tutorial on Bayesian nonparametric models.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gershman, Blei - 2012 - A tutorial on Bayesian nonparametric models.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {00222496},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002224961100071X}
}

@ARTICLE{GershmanBleiNiv10,
  author = {Gershman, Samuel J and Blei, David M and Niv, Yael},
  title = {{Context, learning, and extinction.}},
  journal = {Psychological review},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {117},
  pages = {197--209},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {A. Redish et al. (2007) proposed a reinforcement learning model of
	context-dependent learning and extinction in conditioning experiments,
	using the idea of "state classification" to categorize new observations
	into states. In the current article, the authors propose an interpretation
	of this idea in terms of normative statistical inference. They focus
	on renewal and latent inhibition, 2 conditioning paradigms in which
	contextual manipulations have been studied extensively, and show
	that online Bayesian inference within a model that assumes an unbounded
	number of latent causes can characterize a diverse set of behavioral
	results from such manipulations, some of which pose problems for
	the model of Redish et al. Moreover, in both paradigms, context dependence
	is absent in younger animals, or if hippocampal lesions are made
	prior to training. The authors suggest an explanation in terms of
	a restricted capacity to infer new causes.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Context, learning, and extinction. - Gershman,
	Samuel J; Blei, David M; Niv, Yael )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Context, learning, and extinction. - Gershman,
	Samuel J; Blei, David M; Niv, Yael )






	 },
  doi = {10.1037/a0017808},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gershman, Blei, Niv - 2010 - Context, learning, and extinction.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1939-1471},
  keywords = {Bayes Theorem,Classical,Conditioning,Extinction,Hippocampus,Hippocampus:
	physiology,Humans,Learning,Models,Psychological,Semantics},
  pmid = {20063968},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20063968}
}

@ARTICLE{GhahremaniLeeRobertsonEtAl12,
  author = {Ghahremani, D. G. and Lee, B. and Robertson, C. L. and Tabibnia,
	G. and Morgan, a. T. and {De Shetler}, N. and Brown, a. K. and Monterosso,
	J. R. and Aron, a. R. and Mandelkern, M. a. and Poldrack, R. a. and
	London, E. D.},
  title = {{Striatal Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors Mediate Response Inhibition and
	Related Activity in Frontostriatal Neural Circuitry in Humans}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {7316--7324},
  number = {21},
  month = may,
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Striatal Dopamine D2/D3 Receptors Mediate Response
	Inhibition and Related Activity in Frontostriatal Neural Circuitry
	in Humans - Ghahremani, D. G.; Lee, B.; Robertson, C. L.; Tabibnia,
	G.; Morgan, a. T.; De Shetler, N.; Brown, a. K.; Monterosso, J. R.;
	Aron, a. R.; Mandelkern, M. a.; Poldrack, R. a.; London, E. D. )




	 },
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4284-11.2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ghahremani et al. - 2012 - Striatal Dopamine D2D3 Receptors Mediate Response Inhibition and Related Activity in Frontostriatal Neural Circuitry in Humans.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4284-11.2012}
}

@ARTICLE{GillanPapmeyerMorein-ZamirEtAl11,
  author = {Gillan, Claire M and Papmeyer, Martina and Morein-Zamir, Sharon and
	Sahakian, Barbara J and Fineberg, Naomi a and Robbins, Trevor W and
	de Wit, Sanne},
  title = {{Disruption in the balance between goal-directed behavior and habit
	learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder.}},
  journal = {The American journal of psychiatry},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {168},
  pages = {718--26},
  number = {7},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive,
	ritualistic behaviors and thought patterns. Although patients with
	OCD report that these compulsive behaviors are unproductive and often
	senseless, they are unable to desist. This study investigated whether
	the urge to perform compulsive acts is mediated by a disruption in
	the balance between flexible, goal-directed action control and habitual
	behavior.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( Disruption in the balance between goal-directed
	behavior and habit learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder. - Gillan,
	Claire M; Papmeyer, Martina; Morein-Zamir, Sharon; Sahakian, Barbara
	J; Fineberg, Naomi a; Robbins, Trevor W; de Wit, Sanne )




	 },
  doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10071062},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gillan et al. - 2011 - Disruption in the balance between goal-directed behavior and habit learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1535-7228},
  keywords = {Adult,Behavior Control,Behavior Control: psychology,Compulsive Behavior,Compulsive
	Behavior: diagnosis,Compulsive Behavior: psychology,Diagnostic and
	Statistical Manual of Mental Disord,Discrimination Learning,Discrimination
	Learning: physiology,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality:
	physiology,Goals,Habits,Humans,Intention,Male,Middle Aged,Obsessive-Compulsive
	Disorder,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: diagnosis,Obsessive-Compulsive
	Disorder: psychology,Personality Inventory,Psychiatric Status Rating
	Scales,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Questionnaires},
  pmid = {21572165},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3533260\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{GlascherAdolphsDamasioEtAl12,
  author = {Gl\"{a}scher, Jan and Adolphs, Ralph and Damasio, Hanna and Bechara,
	Antoine and Rudrauf, David and Calamia, Matthew and Paul, Lynn K
	and Tranel, Daniel},
  title = {{Lesion mapping of cognitive control and value-based decision making
	in the prefrontal cortex.}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
	of America},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {109},
  pages = {14681--14686},
  number = {36},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {A considerable body of previous research on the prefrontal cortex
	(PFC) has helped characterize the regional specificity of various
	cognitive functions, such as cognitive control and decision making.
	Here we provide definitive findings on this topic, using a neuropsychological
	approach that takes advantage of a unique dataset accrued over several
	decades. We applied voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in 344 individuals
	with focal lesions (165 involving the PFC) who had been tested on
	a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tasks. Two distinct
	functional-anatomical networks were revealed within the PFC: one
	associated with cognitive control (response inhibition, conflict
	monitoring, and switching), which included the dorsolateral prefrontal
	cortex and anterior cingulate cortex and a second associated with
	value-based decision-making, which included the orbitofrontal, ventromedial,
	and frontopolar cortex. Furthermore, cognitive control tasks shared
	a common performance factor related to set shifting that was linked
	to the rostral anterior cingulate cortex. By contrast, regions in
	the ventral PFC were required for decision-making. These findings
	provide detailed causal evidence for a remarkable functional-anatomical
	specificity in the human PFC.},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1206608109},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  pmid = {22908286},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/109/36/14681}
}

@ARTICLE{Glabadanidis12,
  author = {Glabadanidis, Paskalis},
  title = {{Market Timing with Moving Averages}},
  journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year = {2012},
  number = {8},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2018681},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Glabadanidis - 2012 - Market Timing with Moving Averages.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  url = {http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2018681}
}

@ARTICLE{GodloveEmericSegovisEtAl11,
  author = {Godlove, D. C. and Emeric, E. E. and Segovis, C. M. and Young, M.
	S. and Schall, J. D. and Woodman, G. F.},
  title = {{Event-Related Potentials Elicited by Errors during the Stop-Signal
	Task. I. Macaque Monkeys}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {15640--15649},
  number = {44},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3349-11.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Godlove et al. - 2011 - Event-Related Potentials Elicited by Errors during the Stop-Signal Task. I. Macaque Monkeys.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3349-11.2011}
}

@ARTICLE{Gold03,
  author = {Gold, Carl},
  title = {{g U g S SU r  F D  u w s U F A ' s x s r V s x u v 0 ' \& R
	c \$ ta ` R B g v v h y d e I q B f pi f f 0 D ( 5 A 6 I B 9 W ¥
	X F 2 c F A T 0 F A F ' V T V H T 0 ¢ V  0 Q 9 F A G 9 G B 0 h
	 0 B 6 A \# A B ' T \& F @ T T \& A @ e ¥ @ § \& A T A T A @
	¥ T \& A }},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {91125},
  number = {1}
}

@ARTICLE{Gold03a,
  author = {Gold, Carl},
  title = {{FX Trading via Recurrent Reinforcement Learning}},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {91125},
  number = {1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gold - 2003 - FX Trading via Recurrent Reinforcement Learning.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{GoldWaltzMatveevaEtAl12,
  author = {Gold, James M and Waltz, James A and Matveeva, Tatyana M and Kasanova,
	Zuzana and Strauss, Gregory P and Herbener, Ellen S and Collins,
	Anne G E and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{Negative Symptoms and the Failure to Represent the Expected Reward
	Value of Actions}},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {129--138},
  number = {2},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Negative Symptoms and the Failure to Represent
	the Expected Reward Value of Actions - Gold, James M; Waltz, James
	A; Matveeva, Tatyana M; Kasanova, Zuzana; Strauss, Gregory P; Herbener,
	Ellen S; Collins, Anne G E; Frank, Michael J )




	 },
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gold et al. - 2012 - Negative Symptoms and the Failure to Represent the Expected Reward Value of Actions.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{GoldbergFarriesFee12,
  author = {Goldberg, Jesse Heymann and Farries, Michael Alan and Fee, Michale
	S},
  title = {{Integration of cortical and pallidal inputs in the basal ganglia-recipient
	thalamus of singing birds.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {108},
  pages = {1403--29},
  number = {5},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {The basal ganglia-recipient thalamus receives inhibitory inputs from
	the pallidum and excitatory inputs from cortex, but it is unclear
	how these inputs interact during behavior. We recorded simultaneously
	from putative synaptically-connected pairs of thalamic neurons and
	their pallidal inputs in singing zebra finches. We find, first, that
	each pallidal spike produces an extremely brief (\~{}5 ms) pulse
	of inhibition that completely suppresses thalamic spiking. As a result,
	thalamic spikes are entrained to pallidal spikes with submillisecond
	precision. Second, we find that the number of thalamic spikes that
	discharge within a single pallidal interspike interval (ISI) depends
	linearly on the duration of that interval, but does not depend on
	pallidal activity prior to the interval. In a detailed biophysical
	model, our results were not easily explained by the postinhibitory
	'rebound' mechanism previously observed in anesthetized birds and
	in brain slices, nor could most of our data be characterized as 'gating'
	of excitatory transmission by inhibitory pallidal input. Instead,
	we propose a novel 'entrainment' model of pallido-thalamic transmission
	that highlights the importance of an excitatory conductance that
	drives spiking interacting with brief pulses of pallidal inhibition.
	Building on our recent finding that cortical inputs can drive syllable-locked
	rate modulations in thalamic neurons during singing, we report here
	that excitatory inputs affect thalamic spiking in two ways: by speeding
	the onset of spiking following a pallidal spike, and by increasing
	thalamic firing rates within individual pallidal ISIs. We present
	a unifying biophysical model that can reproduce all known modes of
	pallidothalamic transmission-rebound, gating and entrainment-depending
	on the amount of excitation the thalamic neuron receives.},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00056.2012},
  issn = {1522-1598},
  pmid = {22673333},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22673333}
}

@ARTICLE{GomezRatcliffPerea07,
  author = {Gomez, Pablo and Ratcliff, Roger and Perea, Manuel},
  title = {{A model of the go/no-go task.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. General},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {136},
  pages = {389--413},
  number = {3},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {In this article, the first explicit, theory-based comparison of 2-choice
	and go/no-go variants of 3 experimental tasks is presented. Prior
	research has questioned whether the underlying core-information processing
	is different for the 2 variants of a task or whether they differ
	mostly in response demands. The authors examined 4 different diffusion
	models for the go/no-go variant of each task along with a standard
	diffusion model for the 2-choice variant (R. Ratcliff, 1978). The
	2-choice and the go/no-go models were fit to data from 4 lexical
	decision experiments, 1 numerosity discrimination experiment, and
	1 recognition memory experiment, each with 2-choice and go/no-go
	variants. The models that assumed an implicit decision criterion
	for no-go responses produced better fits than models that did not.
	The best model was one in which only response criteria and the nondecisional
	components of processing changed between the 2 variants, supporting
	the view that the core information on which decisions are based is
	not different between them.},
  doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.136.3.389},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gomez, Ratcliff, Perea - 2007 - A model of the gono-go task.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0096-3445},
  keywords = {Attention,Choice Behavior,Decision Making,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Memory,
	Short-Term,Models, Statistical,Probability,Reaction Time,Reading,Semantics},
  pmid = {17696690},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2701630\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{GoodwinBlackmanSakellaridiEtAl12,
  author = {Goodwin, S. J. and Blackman, R. K. and Sakellaridi, S. and Chafee,
	M. V.},
  title = {{Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule-Based
	Modulation of Spatial Category Signals in Prefrontal Cortex Relative
	to Parietal Cortex}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {3499--3515},
  number = {10},
  month = mar,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3585-11.2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Goodwin et al. - 2012 - Executive Control Over Cognition Stronger and Earlier Rule-Based Modulation of Spatial Category Signals in Prefrontal Cortex Relative to Parietal Cortex.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3585-11.2012}
}

@ARTICLE{GorseStreet11,
  author = {Gorse, Denise and Street, Gower},
  title = {{Application of stochastic recurrent reinforcement learning to index
	trading}},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {27--29},
  number = {April},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gorse, Street - 2011 - Application of stochastic recurrent reinforcement learning to index trading.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {9782874190445}
}

@ARTICLE{GramfortThirion,
  author = {Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand},
  title = {{Brain covariance selection : better individual functional connectivity
	models using population prior}},
  journal = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
  pages = {1--9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Gramfort, Thirion - Unknown - Brain covariance selection better individual functional connectivity models using population prior.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{GreenDec07,
  author = {Green, Peter J and Dec, No},
  title = {{Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo Computation and Bayesian
	Model Determination}},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {82},
  pages = {711--732},
  number = {4},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Green, Dec - 2007 - Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo Computation and Bayesian Model Determination.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{GreenhouseOldenkampAronEtAl11,
  author = {Greenhouse, Ian and Oldenkamp, Caitlin L and Aron, Adam R and Diego,
	San},
  title = {{Stopping a response has global or non-global effects on the motor
	system depending on preparation}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2011},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Much research has focused on how people stop initiated response tendencies
	when instructed by a signal. Stopping of this kind appears to have
	global effects on the motor system. For example, by delivering Transcranial
	Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) over the leg area of primary motor cortex
	it is possible to detect suppression in the leg when the hand is
	being stopped (Badry R et al. 2009, Suppression of human cortico-motoneuronal
	excitability during the Stop-signal task. Clin Neurophysiol 120:1717-1723).
	Here we asked if such 'global suppression' can be observed proactively
	- i.e when people anticipate they might have to stop. We used a conditional
	stop signal task which allows measurement of both an 'anticipation
	phase' (i.e. where proactive control is applied) and a 'stopping'
	phase. TMS was delivered during the anticipation phase (experiment
	1), and also during the stopping phase (experiments 1 and 2) in order
	to measure leg excitability. During the anticipation phase we did
	not observe leg suppression, but we did during the stopping phase,
	consistent with Badry et al. (2009). Moreover, when splitting the
	subjects into those who slowed down behaviorally (i.e. exercised
	proactive control) and those who did not, we found that subjects
	who slowed did not show leg suppression when they stopped, while
	those who did not slow did show leg suppression when they stopped.
	These results suggest that if subjects prepare to stop then they
	do so without global effects on the motor system. Thus, preparation
	allows them to stop more selectively.},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00704.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Greenhouse et al. - 2011 - Stopping a response has global or non-global effects on the motor system depending on preparation(2).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Greenhouse et al. - 2011 - Stopping a response has global or non-global effects on the motor system depending on preparation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1522-1598},
  pmid = {22013239},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22013239}
}

@ARTICLE{HubnerSteinhauserLehle10,
  author = {H\"{u}bner, Ronald and Steinhauser, Marco and Lehle, Carola},
  title = {{A dual-stage two-phase model of selective attention.}},
  journal = {Psychological review},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {117},
  pages = {759--84},
  number = {3},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {The dual-stage two-phase (DSTP) model is introduced as a formal and
	general model of selective attention that includes both an early
	and a late stage of stimulus selection. Whereas at the early stage
	information is selected by perceptual filters whose selectivity is
	relatively limited, at the late stage stimuli are selected more efficiently
	on a categorical basis. Consequently, selectivity is first low but
	then abruptly increases during the course of stimulus processing.
	Although intended as a general model of selective attention, in the
	present study the DSTP model was applied to account for the distributional
	data of 3 flanker task experiments. The fit of the model to the data
	was not only rather good but also superior to those of alternative
	single-stage models with a continuously increasing selectivity. All
	together, the model provides a comprehensive account of how early
	and late stages of attention interact in the control of performance.},
  doi = {10.1037/a0019471},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1939-1471},
  keywords = {Attention,Cognition,Humans,Models, Psychological,Photic Stimulation,Reaction
	Time,Space Perception,Stroop Test,Visual Perception},
  pmid = {20658852},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20658852}
}

@ARTICLE{HalberstadtGeyer09,
  author = {Halberstadt, Adam L and Geyer, Mark a},
  title = {{Habituation and sensitization of acoustic startle: opposite influences
	of dopamine D1 and D2-family receptors.}},
  journal = {Neurobiology of learning and memory},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {92},
  pages = {243--8},
  number = {2},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {The startle response evoked by repeated presentation of a loud acoustic
	stimulus is regulated by the independent processes of sensitization
	and habituation. While schizophrenia is associated with information
	processing impairments, there is conflicting evidence regarding the
	existence of habituation deficits in schizophrenic patients. Recent
	clinical evidence, however, indicates that patients with schizophrenia
	display exaggerated startle sensitization and diminished habituation.
	Given the linkage between dopaminergic abnormalities and schizophrenia,
	the goal of the present investigation was to examine the effect of
	deleting D1 and D2-like dopamine receptors on sensitization and habituation
	of the acoustic startle reflex in mice. For these experiments, the
	acoustic startle reflex was assessed in dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptor
	wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice on a C57BL/6J background, using
	a methodology that can measure both sensitization and habituation.
	Mice lacking the D1 receptor gene displayed enhanced sensitization,
	along with a decrease in the amount of habituation that occurs in
	response to repetitive presentations of a startling stimulus. Conversely,
	the loss of the dopamine D2 or D3 receptor gene produced a sensitization
	deficit and a significant increase in habituation. The behavioral
	phenotype exhibited by D1 receptor KO mice is clearly distinct from
	that of the D2 and D3 receptor KO mice. The findings in D1 receptor
	KO mice are reminiscent of the abnormalities observed in schizophrenic
	patients tested in comparable startle paradigms, and indicate that
	D1 agonists may possess therapeutic efficacy against the information
	processing deficits associated with schizophrenia.},
  annote = {Observed behavior to aversive stimuli: 1. Increase in reponse (sensitization;
	stops because stimuli become less \_salient\_) 2. Decrease in response
	(habituation) SZ patients show increased sensitization and decreased
	habituation (irrespective of meds). Amph, but not apomorphine, alters
	startle habituation -> possible role of NE. But raises question on
	role of DA in startle habituation. D1 KO -> more sensitization, less
	habituation (=SZ) -> inhibits sensitization; role in habituation
	D2/D3 KO -> less sensitization, more habituation -> role in sensitization;
	inhibit habituation},
  doi = {10.1016/j.nlm.2008.05.015},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Halberstadt, Geyer - 2009 - Habituation and sensitization of acoustic startle opposite influences of dopamine D1 and D2-family receptors.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9564},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Animals,Disease Models, Animal,Habituation, Psychophysiologic,Habituation,
	Psychophysiologic: physiology,Male,Mice,Mice, Inbred C57BL,Mice,
	Knockout,Receptors, Dopamine D1,Receptors, Dopamine D1: genetics,Receptors,
	Dopamine D1: metabolism,Receptors, Dopamine D2,Receptors, Dopamine
	D2: genetics,Receptors, Dopamine D2: metabolism,Receptors, Dopamine
	D3,Receptors, Dopamine D3: genetics,Receptors, Dopamine D3: metabolism,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia:
	physiopathology,Schizophrenic Psychology,Startle Reaction,Startle
	Reaction: physiology},
  pmid = {18644244},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2745310\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{Hallett78,
  author = {Hallett, P.E.},
  title = {{Primary and secondary saccades to goals defined by instructions}},
  journal = {Vision Research},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {1279--1296},
  number = {10},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {A luminous point steps horizontally in the dark, and the subject tracks
	it (normal task), or is instructed to respond by some other horizontal
	eye movement (e.g. an equal and opposite movement — the “anti-saccade”
	task). Eye movements in the “anti-task” are characterized by
	long latency, inaccurate primary saccades which sometimes show minor
	anomalies in velocity profile. The secondary saccades are large,
	corrective, of shorter than primary latency, and are not based on
	retinal feedback. Thus, the human saccadic system is optimized for,
	but not restricted to, foveation. The highly idiosyncratic “anti”
	latency data can be normalized by reference to the Wheeless 2-step
	paradigm. A mechanism is proposed.},
  doi = {10.1016/0042-6989(78)90218-3},
  issn = {00426989},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(78)90218-3}
}

@ARTICLE{HampshireChamberlainMontiEtAl10,
  author = {Hampshire, Adam and Chamberlain, Samuel R and Monti, Martin M and
	Duncan, John and Owen, Adrian M},
  title = {{The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus: inhibition and attentional
	control.}},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {1313--9},
  number = {3},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {There is growing interest regarding the role of the right inferior
	frontal gyrus (RIFG) during a particular form of executive control
	referred to as response inhibition. However, tasks used to examine
	neural activity at the point of response inhibition have rarely controlled
	for the potentially confounding effects of attentional demand. In
	particular, it is unclear whether the RIFG is specifically involved
	in inhibitory control, or is involved more generally in the detection
	of salient or task relevant cues. The current fMRI study sought to
	clarify the role of the RIFG in executive control by holding the
	stimulus conditions of one of the most popular response inhibition
	tasks-the Stop Signal Task-constant, whilst varying the response
	that was required on reception of the stop signal cue. Our results
	reveal that the RIFG is recruited when important cues are detected,
	regardless of whether that detection is followed by the inhibition
	of a motor response, the generation of a motor response, or no external
	response at all.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.109},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hampshire et al. - 2010 - The role of the right inferior frontal gyrus inhibition and attentional control.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9572},
  pmid = {20056157},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056157}
}

@ARTICLE{HanesSchall95,
  author = {Hanes, D.P. and Schall, J.D.},
  title = {{Countermanding saccades in macaque}},
  journal = {Visual Neuroscience},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {929--929},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ Press},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=4622816}
}

@ARTICLE{HanksDitterichShadlen06,
  author = {Hanks, Timothy D and Ditterich, Jochen and Shadlen, Michael N},
  title = {{Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in
	a motion discrimination task.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {682--9},
  number = {5},
  month = may,
  abstract = {A central goal of cognitive neuroscience is to elucidate the neural
	mechanisms underlying decision-making. Recent physiological studies
	suggest that neurons in association areas may be involved in this
	process. To test this, we measured the effects of electrical microstimulation
	in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) while monkeys performed a
	reaction-time motion discrimination task with a saccadic response.
	In each experiment, we identified a cluster of LIP cells with overlapping
	response fields (RFs) and sustained activity during memory-guided
	saccades. Microstimulation of this cluster caused an increase in
	the proportion of choices toward the RF of the stimulated neurons.
	Choices toward the stimulated RF were faster with microstimulation,
	while choices in the opposite direction were slower. Microstimulation
	never directly evoked saccades, nor did it change reaction times
	in a simple saccade task. These results demonstrate that the discharge
	of LIP neurons is causally related to decision formation in the discrimination
	task.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn1683},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hanks, Ditterich, Shadlen - 2006 - Microstimulation of macaque area LIP affects decision-making in a motion discrimination task.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Action Potentials:
	radiation effects,Animals,Behavior, Animal,Decision Making,Decision
	Making: physiology,Decision Making: radiation effects,Discrimination
	(Psychology),Discrimination (Psychology): physiology,Discrimination
	(Psychology): radiation effects,Electric Stimulation,Electric Stimulation:
	methods,Macaca mulatta,Motion Perception,Motion Perception: drug
	effects,Motion Perception: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Neurons:
	radiation effects,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: cytology,Photic Stimulation,Photic
	Stimulation: methods,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Reaction
	Time: radiation effects,Saccades,Saccades: physiology},
  pmid = {16604069},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  shorttitle = {Nat Neurosci},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1683}
}

@ARTICLE{HareSchultzCamererEtAl11,
  author = {Hare, T. a. and Schultz, W. and Camerer, C. F. and O'Doherty, J.
	P. and Rangel, a.},
  title = {{Transformation of stimulus value signals into motor commands during
	simple choice}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {108},
  number = {44},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1109322108},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hare et al. - 2011 - Transformation of stimulus value signals into motor commands during simple choice.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0027-8424},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1109322108}
}

@ARTICLE{HartigCalabreseReinekingEtAl10,
  author = {Hartig, F. and Calabrese, J.M. and Reineking, B. and Wiegand, T.
	and Huth, A.},
  title = {{Statistical inference for stochastic simulation models–theory
	and application}},
  journal = {Ecology Letters},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {1179},
  pages = {1149--1179},
  file = {:home/whyking/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Hartig et al. - 2010 - Statistical inference for stochastic simulation models–theory and application.pdf:pdf},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01640.x/full}
}

@ARTICLE{HartigCalabreseReinekingEtAl11,
  author = {Hartig, Florian and Calabrese, Justin M and Reineking, Bj\"{o}rn
	and Wiegand, Thorsten and Huth, Andreas},
  title = {{Statistical inference for stochastic simulation models - theory
	and application.}},
  journal = {Ecology letters},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {816--827},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Ecology Letters (2011) ABSTRACT: Statistical models are the traditional
	choice to test scientific theories when observations, processes or
	boundary conditions are subject to stochasticity. Many important
	systems in ecology and biology, however, are difficult to capture
	with statistical models. Stochastic simulation models offer an alternative,
	but they were hitherto associated with a major disadvantage: their
	likelihood functions can usually not be calculated explicitly, and
	thus it is difficult to couple them to well-established statistical
	theory such as maximum likelihood and Bayesian statistics. A number
	of new methods, among them Approximate Bayesian Computing and Pattern-Oriented
	Modelling, bypass this limitation. These methods share three main
	principles: aggregation of simulated and observed data via summary
	statistics, likelihood approximation based on the summary statistics,
	and efficient sampling. We discuss principles as well as advantages
	and caveats of these methods, and demonstrate their potential for
	integrating stochastic simulation models into a unified framework
	for statistical modelling.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01640.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hartig et al. - 2011 - Statistical inference for stochastic simulation models - theory and application.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1461-0248},
  keywords = {14,2011,816,827,bayesian statistics,ecology letters,indirect inference,intractable
	likelihood,inverse modelling,likelihood approximation,likelihood-free
	inference,maximum likelihood,model selection,parameter estimation,stochastic
	simulation},
  pmid = {21679289},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21679289}
}

@ARTICLE{HassanCohanimWeckEtAl04,
  author = {Hassan, Rania and Cohanim, Babak and Weck, Olivier De and Venter,
	Gerhard and Associate, Postdoctoral and Systems, Engineering and
	Jet, The},
  title = {{A COPMARISON OF PARTICLE SWARM}},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {1--13},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hassan et al. - 2004 - A COPMARISON OF PARTICLE SWARM.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{HaydenPlatt10,
  author = {Hayden, Benjamin Y and Platt, Michael L},
  title = {{Neurons in anterior cingulate cortex multiplex information about
	reward and action.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {3339--46},
  number = {9},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is thought to play a critical
	role in forming associations between rewards and actions. Currently
	available physiological data, however, remain inconclusive regarding
	the question of whether dACC neurons carry information linking particular
	actions to reward or, instead, encode abstract reward information
	independent of specific actions. Here we show that firing rates of
	a majority of dACC neurons in a population studied in an eight-option
	variably rewarded choice task were sensitive to both saccade direction
	and reward value. Furthermore, the influences of reward and saccade
	direction on neuronal activity were approximately equal in magnitude
	over the range of rewards tested and were statistically independent.
	Our results indicate that dACC neurons multiplex information about
	both reward and action, endorsing the idea that this area links motivational
	outcomes to behavior and undermining the notion that its neurons
	solely contribute to reward processing in the abstract.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4874-09.2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hayden, Platt - 2010 - Neurons in anterior cingulate cortex multiplex information about reward and action.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  pmid = {20203193},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203193}
}

@BOOK{Heinrichs01,
  title = {{In search of madness: Schizophrenia and neuroscience}},
  year = {2001},
  author = {Heinrichs, RW},
  url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=pIrY28CApGQC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA3\&dq=In+Search+of+Madness\&ots=BFzEK9gERs\&sig=Q400C7kQLo7ETJGjbO2iYlg75os}
}

@ARTICLE{HeitzSchall12,
  author = {Heitz, RP and Schall, JD},
  title = {{Neural Mechanisms of Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1--13},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627312007672}
}

@ARTICLE{Heller12,
  author = {Heller, Katherine A},
  title = {{Bayesian and L 1 Approaches for Sparse Unsupervised Learning}},
  year = {2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Heller - 2012 - Bayesian and L 1 Approaches for Sparse Unsupervised Learning.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{HensmanLawrence,
  author = {Hensman, James and Lawrence, Neil D},
  title = {{Fast Variational Inference in the Conjugate Exponential Family}},
  pages = {1--9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hensman, Lawrence - Unknown - Fast Variational Inference in the Conjugate Exponential Family.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{HerrmannHeflinHammondEtAl11,
  author = {Herrmann, Rolf and Heflin, Stephanie J and Hammond, Timothy and Lee,
	Bowa and Wang, Jing and Gainetdinov, Raul R and Caron, Marc G and
	Eggers, Erika D and Frishman, Laura J and McCall, Maureen a and Arshavsky,
	Vadim Y},
  title = {{Rod Vision Is Controlled by Dopamine-Dependent Sensitization of
	Rod Bipolar Cells by GABA.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {72},
  pages = {101--10},
  number = {1},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Dark and light adaptation of retinal neurons allow our vision to operate
	over an enormous light intensity range. Here we report a mechanism
	that controls the light sensitivity and operational range of rod-driven
	bipolar cells that mediate dim-light vision. Our data indicate that
	the light responses of these cells are enhanced by sustained chloride
	currents via GABA(C) receptor channels. This sensitizing GABAergic
	input is controlled by dopamine D1 receptors, with horizontal cells
	serving as a plausible source of GABA release. Our findings expand
	the role of dopamine in vision from its well-established function
	of suppressing rod-driven signals in bright light to enhancing the
	same signals under dim illumination. They further reveal a role for
	GABA in sensitizing the circuitry for dim-light vision, thereby complementing
	GABA's traditional role in providing dynamic feedforward and feedback
	inhibition in the retina.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2011.07.030},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Herrmann et al. - 2011 - Rod Vision Is Controlled by Dopamine-Dependent Sensitization of Rod Bipolar Cells by GABA.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  pmid = {21982372},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982372}
}

@ARTICLE{HessBurgiBucher46,
  author = {Hess, WR and B\"{u}rgi, S and Bucher, V},
  title = {{Motorische Funktion des Tectal- und Tegmentalgebietes.}},
  journal = {Mschr Psychiat Neurol},
  year = {1946},
  volume = {112},
  pages = {1--52}
}

@ARTICLE{HikosakaIsoda10,
  author = {Hikosaka, Okihide and Isoda, Masaki},
  title = {{Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico-basal ganglia
	mechanisms.}},
  journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {154--61},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Most daily tasks are performed almost automatically, but occasionally
	it is necessary to alter a routine if something changes in the environment
	and the routine behavior becomes inappropriate. Such behavioral switching
	can occur either retroactively based on error feedback or proactively
	by detecting a contextual cue. Recent imaging and electrophysiological
	data in humans and monkeys support the view that the frontal cortical
	areas play executive roles in behavioral switching. The anterior
	cingulate cortex acts retroactively and the pre-supplementary motor
	area acts proactively to enable behavioral switching. The lateral
	prefrontal cortex reconfigures cognitive processes constituting the
	switched behavior. The subthalamic nucleus and the striatum in the
	basal ganglia mediate these cortical signals to achieve behavioral
	switching. We discuss how breaking a routine to allow more adaptive
	behavior requires a fine-tuned recruitment of the frontal cortical-basal
	ganglia neural network.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2010.01.006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hikosaka, Isoda - 2010 - Switching from automatic to controlled behavior cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1879-307X},
  keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological,Adaptation, Psychological: physiology,Animals,Automatism,Basal
	Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: anatomy \& histology,Basal Ganglia: physiology,Cognition,Cognition:
	physiology,Corpus Striatum,Corpus Striatum: physiology,Electrophysiology,Feedback,
	Psychological,Feedback, Psychological: physiology,Frontal Lobe,Frontal
	Lobe: anatomy \& histology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Gyrus Cinguli,Gyrus
	Cinguli: physiology,Humans,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: physiology,Movement,Movement:
	physiology,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Subthalamic
	Nucleus,Subthalamic Nucleus: physiology},
  pmid = {20181509},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2847883\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{HoffmanGelman,
  author = {Hoffman, Matthew D and Gelman, Andrew},
  title = {{The No-U-Turn Sampler : Adaptively Setting Path Lengths in Hamiltonian
	Monte Carlo}},
  pages = {1--30},
  number = {2008},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hoffman, Gelman - Unknown - The No-U-Turn Sampler Adaptively Setting Path Lengths in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {bayesian inference,hamiltonian monte carlo,markov chain monte carlo}
}

@ARTICLE{HoweAtallahMcCoolEtAl11,
  author = {Howe, M. W. and Atallah, H. E. and McCool, a. and Gibson, D. J. and
	Graybiel, a. M.},
  title = {{Habit learning is associated with major shifts in frequencies of
	oscillatory activity and synchronized spike firing in striatum}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1113158108},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Howe et al. - 2011 - Habit learning is associated with major shifts in frequencies of oscillatory activity and synchronized spike firing in striatum.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0027-8424},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1113158108}
}

@ARTICLE{HuLi11,
  author = {Hu, Sien and Li, Chiang-Shan R},
  title = {{Neural processes of preparatory control for stop signal inhibition.}},
  journal = {Human brain mapping},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {000},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {This study investigated the preparatory control of motor inhibition
	and motor execution using a stop signal task (SST) and functional
	magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the SST, a frequent "go" signal
	triggered a prepotent response and a less frequent "stop" signal
	prompted the inhibition of this response. Preparatory control of
	motor inhibition and execution in the stop signal trials were examined
	by contrasting brain activation between stop success and stop error
	trials during the fore-period, in which participants prepared to
	respond to go or to stop. Results from 91 healthy adults showed greater
	activation in the right prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule
	during preparatory motor inhibition. Preparatory motor execution
	activated bilateral putamen, primary motor cortices, posterior cingulate
	cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and superior temporal/intraparietal
	sulci. Furthermore, the extents of these inhibition and execution
	activities were inversely correlated across subjects. On the basis
	of a median split of the stop signal reaction time (SSRT), subjects
	with short SSRT showed greater activity in the right orbital frontal
	cortex during preparatory inhibition. These new findings suggest
	that the go and stop processes interact prior to target presentation
	in the SST, in accord with recent computational models of stop signal
	inhibition. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
  doi = {10.1002/hbm.21399},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hu, Li - 2011 - Neural processes of preparatory control for stop signal inhibition.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-0193},
  keywords = {go,inhibitory control,no-go,prefrontal,proactive,race model,stop signal},
  pmid = {21976392},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21976392}
}

@ARTICLE{HuddyAronHarrison09,
  author = {Huddy, VC and Aron, AR and Harrison, M},
  title = {{Impaired conscious and preserved unconscious inhibitory processing
	in recent onset schizophrenia}},
  journal = {Psychological \ldots},
  year = {2009},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_s0033291708004340}
}

@ARTICLE{HuertaKrubitzerKaas87,
  author = {Huerta, M F and Krubitzer, L A and Kaas, J H},
  title = {{Frontal eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation in
	squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and macaque monkeys. II. Cortical
	connections.}},
  journal = {The Journal of comparative neurology},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {265},
  pages = {332--61},
  number = {3},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Physiological (intracortical microstimulation) and anatomical (transport
	of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin as
	shown by tetramethyl benzidine) approaches were combined in the same
	animals to reveal the locations, extents, and cortical connections
	of the frontal eye fields (FEF) in squirrel, owl, and macaque monkeys.
	In some of the same owl and macaque monkeys, intracortical microstimulation
	was also used to evoke eye movements from dorsomedial frontal cortex
	(the supplementary motor area). In addition, in all of the owl and
	squirrel monkeys, intracortical microstimulation was also used to
	evoke body movements from the premotor and motor cortex situated
	between the central dimple and the FEF. These microstimulation data
	were directly compared to the distribution of anterogradely and retrogradely
	transported label resulting from injections of tracer into the FEF
	in each monkey. Since the injection sites were limited to the physiologically
	defined FEF, the demonstrated connections were solely those of the
	FEF. To aid in the interpretation of areal patterns of connections,
	the relatively smooth cortex of owl and squirrel monkeys was unfolded,
	flattened, and cut parallel to the flattened surface. Cortex of macaque
	monkeys, which has numerous deep sulci, was cut coronally. Reciprocal
	connections with the ipsilateral frontal lobe were similar in all
	three species: dorsomedial cortex (supplementary motor area), cortex
	just rostral (periprincipal prefrontal cortex) to the FEF, and cortex
	just caudal (premotor cortex) to the FEF. In squirrel and owl monkeys,
	extensive reciprocal connections were made with cortex throughout
	the caudal half of the lateral fissure and, to a much lesser extent,
	cortex around the superior temporal sulcus. In macaque monkeys, only
	sparse connections were present with cortex of the lateral fissure,
	but extensive and dense connections were made with cortex throughout
	the caudal one-third to one-half of the superior temporal sulcus.
	In addition, very dense reciprocal connections were made with the
	cortex of the lateral, or inferior, bank of the intraparietal sulcus.
	Contralateral reciprocal connections in all three species were virtually
	limited to regions that correspond in location to the FEF and the
	supplementary motor area. The results of this study reveal connections
	between the physiologically defined frontal eye field and cortical
	regions known to participate in higher order visual processing, short-term
	memory, multimodal, visuomotor, and skeletomotor functions.(ABSTRACT
	TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
  issn = {0021-9967},
  keywords = {Animals,Aotus trivirgatus,Aotus trivirgatus: physiology,Brain Mapping,Electric
	Stimulation,Eye Movements,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Haplorhini,Haplorhini:
	physiology,Horseradish Peroxidase,Horseradish Peroxidase: diagnostic
	use,Macaca fascicularis,Macaca fascicularis: physiology,Oculomotor
	Muscles,Oculomotor Muscles: innervation,Oculomotor Muscles: physiology,Saimiri,Saimiri:
	physiology,Species Specificity,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: physiology,Wheat
	Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conju,Wheat Germ Agglutinins,Wheat
	Germ Agglutinins: diagnostic use},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2447132}
}

@ARTICLE{HuettelMcCarthy04,
  author = {Huettel, Scott A and McCarthy, Gregory},
  title = {{What is odd in the oddball task? Prefrontal cortex is activated
	by dynamic changes in response strategy.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychologia},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {379--86},
  number = {3},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {In the "oddball" target detection task, subjects respond to target
	stimuli that occur infrequently and irregularly within a series of
	standard stimuli. Although detection of these targets reliably evokes
	transient activity in prefrontal cortical regions, it has not been
	established whether this activity is due to selection of an infrequent
	response or to changes in response strategy. We investigated this
	issue using a novel variant of the oddball task that incorporated
	the Simon effect, while measuring hemodynamic brain activity in prefrontal
	cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects
	viewed a series of circles and squares that required left and right
	button presses, respectively. On 90\% of trials ("standard" trials),
	the stimuli were presented in the same visual hemifield as the hand
	of response, but on 10\% of trials ("strategy-change" trials) they
	were presented in the opposite visual hemifield. Significant activation
	to the infrequent strategy-change trials was found in the anterior
	middle frontal gyrus (MFG), the posterior inferior frontal gyrus
	(IFG) and adjacent insular cortex, and in the anterior cingulate
	gyrus (ACG). These regions, which correspond to previous reports
	of oddball-related activation, were consistent across subjects. Behavioral
	results supported our interpretation that subjects potentiated a
	position-based response strategy, which was inhibited on the strategy-change
	trials. Activity within the MFG and ACG was much greater on error
	trials than on correct trials, while IFG activity was similar between
	error and correct trials. We conclude that the dorsolateral prefrontal
	cortex (dlPFC) is associated with dynamic changes in the mapping
	of stimuli to responses (e.g. response strategies), independently
	of any changes in behavior.},
  issn = {0028-3932},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attention,Brain Mapping,Discrimination Learning,Discrimination
	Learning: physiology,Evoked Potentials,Female,Field Dependence-Independence,Humans,Male,Photic
	Stimulation,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Reference Values,Visual,Visual Fields,Visual
	Fields: physiology,Visual: physiology},
  pmid = {14670576},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14670576}
}

@ARTICLE{HuttonEttinger06,
  author = {Hutton, Samuel B and Ettinger, Ulrich},
  title = {{The antisaccade task as a research tool in psychopathology: a critical
	review.}},
  journal = {Psychophysiology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {302--13},
  number = {3},
  month = may,
  abstract = {The antisaccade task is a measure of volitional control of behavior
	sensitive to fronto-striatal dysfunction. Here we outline important
	issues concerning antisaccade methodology, consider recent evidence
	of the cognitive processes and neural mechanisms involved in task
	performance, and review how the task has been applied to study psychopathology.
	We conclude that the task yields reliable and sensitive measures
	of the processes involved in resolving the conflict between volitional
	and reflexive behavioral responses, a key cognitive deficit relevant
	to a number of neuropsychiatric conditions. Additionally, antisaccade
	deficits may reflect genetic liability for schizophrenia. Finally,
	the ease and accuracy with which the task can be administered, combined
	with its sensitivity to fronto-striatal dysfunction and the availability
	of suitable control conditions, may make it a useful benchmark tool
	for studies of potential cognitive enhancers.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00403.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hutton, Ettinger - 2006 - The antisaccade task as a research tool in psychopathology a critical review.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0048-5772},
  keywords = {Humans,Mental Disorders,Mental Disorders: physiopathology,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Psychopathology,Psychopathology:
	methods,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Schizophrenic Psychology},
  pmid = {16805870},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16805870}
}

@ARTICLE{HuysCoolsGolzerEtAl11,
  author = {Huys, Quentin J. M. and Cools, Roshan and G\"{o}lzer, Martin and
	Friedel, Eva and Heinz, Andreas and Dolan, Raymond J and Dayan, Peter},
  title = {{Disentangling the roles of approach, activation and valence in instrumental
	and pavlovian responding.}},
  journal = {PLoS computational biology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {e1002028},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Hard-wired, Pavlovian, responses elicited by predictions of rewards
	and punishments exert significant benevolent and malevolent influences
	over instrumentally-appropriate actions. These influences come in
	two main groups, defined along anatomical, pharmacological, behavioural
	and functional lines. Investigations of the influences have so far
	concentrated on the groups as a whole; here we take the critical
	step of looking inside each group, using a detailed reinforcement
	learning model to distinguish effects to do with value, specific
	actions, and general activation or inhibition. We show a high degree
	of sophistication in Pavlovian influences, with appetitive Pavlovian
	stimuli specifically promoting approach and inhibiting withdrawal,
	and aversive Pavlovian stimuli promoting withdrawal and inhibiting
	approach. These influences account for differences in the instrumental
	performance of approach and withdrawal behaviours. Finally, although
	losses are as informative as gains, we find that subjects neglect
	losses in their instrumental learning. Our findings argue for a view
	of the Pavlovian system as a constraint or prior, facilitating learning
	by alleviating computational costs that come with increased flexibility.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Disentangling the roles of approach, activation
	and valence in instrumental and pavlovian responding. - Huys, Quentin
	J. M.; Cools, Roshan; G\"{o}lzer, Martin; Friedel, Eva; Heinz, Andreas;
	Dolan, Raymond J; Dayan, Peter )




	 },
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002028},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Huys et al. - 2011 - Disentangling the roles of approach, activation and valence in instrumental and pavlovian responding.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1553-7358},
  keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Choice Behavior,Classical,Computational
	Biology,Computational Biology: methods,Conditioning,Female,Humans,Learning,Male,Models,Psychological,Punishment,Reflex,Reward},
  pmid = {21556131},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3080848\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{HuysEshelONionsEtAl12,
  author = {Huys, Quentin J. M. and Eshel, Neir and O'Nions, Elizabeth and Sheridan,
	Luke and Dayan, Peter and Roiser, Jonathan P.},
  title = {{Bonsai Trees in Your Head: How the Pavlovian System Sculpts Goal-Directed
	Choices by Pruning Decision Trees}},
  journal = {PLoS Computational Biology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {e1002410},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002410},
  editor = {Maloney, Laurence T.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Huys et al. - 2012 - Bonsai Trees in Your Head How the Pavlovian System Sculpts Goal-Directed Choices by Pruning Decision Trees.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1553-7358},
  url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002410}
}

@ARTICLE{HwangVelanovaLuna10,
  author = {Hwang, Kai and Velanova, Katerina and Luna, Beatriz},
  title = {{Strengthening of top-down frontal cognitive control networks underlying
	the development of inhibitory control: a functional magnetic resonance
	imaging effective connectivity study.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {15535--45},
  number = {46},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {The ability to voluntarily inhibit responses to task-irrelevant stimuli,
	which is a fundamental component of cognitive control, has a protracted
	development through adolescence. Previous human developmental imaging
	studies have found immaturities in localized brain activity in children
	and adolescents. However, little is known about how these regions
	integrate with age to form the distributed networks known to support
	cognitive control. In the present study, we used Granger causality
	analysis to characterize developmental changes in effective connectivity
	underlying inhibitory control (antisaccade task) compared with reflexive
	responses (prosaccade task) in human participants. By childhood,
	few top-down connectivities were evident with increased parietal
	interconnectivity. By adolescence, connections from prefrontal cortex
	increased and parietal interconnectivity decreased. From adolescence
	to adulthood, there was evidence of increased number and strength
	of frontal connections to cortical regions as well as subcortical
	regions. Together, results suggest that developmental improvements
	in inhibitory control may be supported by age-related enhancements
	in top-down effective connectivity between frontal, oculomotor, and
	subcortical regions.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2825-10.2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hwang, Velanova, Luna - 2010 - Strengthening of top-down frontal cognitive control networks underlying the development of inhibitory control a functional magnetic resonance imaging effective connectivity study.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Factors,Child,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance
	Imaging,Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods,Male,Nerve Net,Nerve
	Net: growth \& development,Nerve Net: physiology,Neural Inhibition,Neural
	Inhibition: physiology,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: growth \&
	development,Neural Pathways: physiology,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal
	Cortex: growth \& development,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Young Adult},
  pmid = {21084608},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2995693\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{Hyman10,
  author = {Hyman, SE},
  title = {{The diagnosis of mental disorders: the problem of reification}},
  journal = {Annual Review of Clinical Psychology},
  year = {2010},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091532}
}

@ARTICLE{Hyman12,
  author = {Hyman, Steven E},
  title = {{Revolution Stalled}},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {1--5},
  number = {155},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Hyman - 2012 - Revolution Stalled.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{InselCuthbertGarveyEtAl10,
  author = {Insel, T. and Cuthbert, B. and Garvey, M. and Heinssen, R. and Pine,
	D. S. and Quinn, K. and Sanislow, C. A. and Wang, P. W.},
  title = {{Research domain criteria (RDoC): toward a new classification framework
	for research on mental disorders}},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry},
  year = {2010},
  url = {http://works.bepress.com/charles\_sanislow/2/}
}

@ARTICLE{Insel10,
  author = {Insel, Thomas R},
  title = {{Rethinking schizophrenia.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {468},
  pages = {187--93},
  number = {7321},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {How will we view schizophrenia in 2030? Schizophrenia today is a chronic,
	frequently disabling mental disorder that affects about one per cent
	of the world's population. After a century of studying schizophrenia,
	the cause of the disorder remains unknown. Treatments, especially
	pharmacological treatments, have been in wide use for nearly half
	a century, yet there is little evidence that these treatments have
	substantially improved outcomes for most people with schizophrenia.
	These current unsatisfactory outcomes may change as we approach schizophrenia
	as a neurodevelopmental disorder with psychosis as a late, potentially
	preventable stage of the illness. This 'rethinking' of schizophrenia
	as a neurodevelopmental disorder, which is profoundly different from
	the way we have seen this illness for the past century, yields new
	hope for prevention and cure over the next two decades.},
  doi = {10.1038/nature09552},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  keywords = {Cognition Disorders,Cognition Disorders: complications,Cognition Disorders:
	prevention \& control,Cognition Disorders: therapy,History, 19th
	Century,History, 20th Century,History, 21st Century,Humans,Models,
	Neurological,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia: genetics,Schizophrenia:
	history,Schizophrenia: physiopathology,Schizophrenia: therapy,Schizophrenic
	Psychology},
  pmid = {21068826},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited.
	All Rights Reserved.},
  shorttitle = {Nature},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09552}
}

@ARTICLE{IsodaHikosaka11,
  author = {Isoda, Masaki and Hikosaka, Okihide},
  title = {{Cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms for overcoming innate, habitual
	and motivational behaviors.}},
  journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {2058--69},
  number = {11},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Most of the human behaviors are executed automatically under familiar
	circumstances. These behaviors are prepotent in that they take precedence
	over any other potential alternatives. Yet, humans are also capable
	of engaging cognitive resources to inhibit such a prepotent behavior
	and replace it with an alternative controlled behavior in response
	to an unforeseen situation. This remarkable capability to switch
	behaviors in a short period of time is the hallmark of executive
	functions. In this article, we first argue that the prepotent automaticity
	could emerge at least in three different domains - innate, habitual
	and motivational. We then review neurophysiological findings on how
	the brain might realize its switching functions in each domain, primarily
	by focusing on the monkey oculomotor system as the experimental model.
	Emerging evidence now suggests that multiple neuronal populations
	in the shared cortico-basal ganglia network contribute to overriding
	prepotent eye movement, be its origin innate, habitual or motivational.
	This consideration suggests the general versatility of the cortico-basal
	ganglia network as the neural mechanism whereby humans and other
	animals keep themselves from becoming subservient to reflex, habit
	and motivational impulses.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07698.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Isoda, Hikosaka - 2011 - Cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms for overcoming innate, habitual and motivational behaviors.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-9568},
  keywords = {antisaccade,automaticity,behavioral switching,executive function,monkey,response
	inhibition,saccade},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade,response inhibition},
  pmid = {21645101},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21645101}
}

@ARTICLE{IsodaHikosaka08,
  author = {Isoda, Masaki and Hikosaka, Okihide},
  title = {{Role for subthalamic nucleus neurons in switching from automatic
	to controlled eye movement.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {7209--18},
  number = {28},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {The subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia is an important
	element of motor control. This is demonstrated by involuntary movements
	induced by STN lesions and the successful treatment of Parkinson's
	disease by STN stimulation. However, it is still unclear how individual
	STN neurons participate in motor control. Here, we report that the
	STN has a function in switching from automatic to volitionally controlled
	eye movement. In the STN of trained macaque monkeys, we found neurons
	that showed a phasic change in activity specifically before volitionally
	controlled saccades which were switched from automatic saccades.
	A majority of switch-related neurons were considered to inhibit no-longer-valid
	automatic processes, and the inhibition started early enough to enable
	the animal to switch. We suggest that the STN mediates the control
	signal originated from the medial frontal cortex and implements the
	behavioral switching function using its connections with other basal
	ganglia nuclei and the superior colliculus.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0487-08.2008},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Isoda, Hikosaka - 2008 - Role for subthalamic nucleus neurons in switching from automatic to controlled eye movement.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Analysis of Variance,Animal,Animals,Attention,Attention:
	physiology,Behavior,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Eye
	Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,Functional Laterality,Macaca
	mulatta,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation:
	methods,Subthalamic Nucleus,Subthalamic Nucleus: cytology,Subthalamic
	Nucleus: injuries,Task Performance and Analysis},
  pmid = {18614691},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2667154\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{IsodaHikosaka07,
  author = {Isoda, Masaki and Hikosaka, Okihide},
  title = {{Switching from automatic to controlled action by monkey medial frontal
	cortex.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {240--8},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Human behavior is mostly composed of habitual actions that require
	little conscious control. Such actions may become invalid if the
	environment changes, at which point individuals need to switch behavior
	by overcoming habitual actions that are otherwise triggered automatically.
	It is unknown how the brain controls this type of behavioral switching.
	Here we show that the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in the
	medial frontal cortex has a function in switching from automatic
	to volitionally controlled action in rhesus macaque monkeys. We found
	that a group of pre-SMA neurons was selectively activated when subjects
	successfully switched to a controlled alternative action. Electrical
	stimulation in the pre-SMA replaced automatic incorrect responses
	with slower correct responses. A further test suggested that the
	pre-SMA enabled switching by first suppressing an automatic unwanted
	action and then boosting a controlled desired action. Our data suggest
	that the pre-SMA resolves response conflict so that the desired action
	can be selected.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn1830},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Isoda, Hikosaka - 2007 - Switching from automatic to controlled action by monkey medial frontal cortex.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  keywords = {Animals,Electric Stimulation,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: anatomy \&
	histology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Habits,Macaca mulatta,Motor Cortex,Motor
	Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Motor Cortex: physiology,Movement,Movement:
	physiology,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Neural
	Pathways,Neural Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Neuropsychological Tests,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal
	Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reflex,Reflex: physiology,Volition,Volition:
	physiology},
  pmid = {17237780},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17237780}
}

@ARTICLE{ItoStuphornBrownEtAl03,
  author = {Ito, Shigehiko and Stuphorn, Veit and Brown, Joshua W and Schall,
	Jeffrey D},
  title = {{Performance monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex during saccade
	countermanding.}},
  journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {302},
  pages = {120--2},
  number = {5642},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Consensus is emerging that the medial frontal lobe of the brain is
	involved in monitoring performance, but precisely what is monitored
	remains unclear. A saccade-countermanding task affords an experimental
	dissociation of neural signals of error, reinforcement, and conflict.
	Single-unit activity was monitored in the anterior cingulate cortex
	of monkeys performing this task. Neurons that signaled errors were
	found, half of which responded to the omission of earned reinforcement.
	A further diversity of neurons signaled earned or unexpected reinforcement.
	No neurons signaled the form of conflict engendered by interruption
	of saccade preparation produced in this task. These results are consistent
	with the hypothesis that the anterior cingulate cortex monitors the
	consequences of actions.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1087847},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ito et al. - 2003 - Performance monitoring by the anterior cingulate cortex during saccade countermanding.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain Mapping,FEF,Fixation,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Gyrus
	Cinguli,Gyrus Cinguli: physiology,Macaca radiata,Male,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Ocular,Psychomotor Performance,Reinforcement (Psychology),SEF,Saccades,Visual
	Pathways,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {FEF,SEF,response inhibition},
  pmid = {14526085},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526085}
}

@ARTICLE{IzawaShadmehr11,
  author = {Izawa, Jun and Shadmehr, Reza},
  title = {{Learning from sensory and reward prediction errors during motor
	adaptation.}},
  journal = {PLoS computational biology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {e1002012},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Voluntary motor commands produce two kinds of consequences. Initially,
	a sensory consequence is observed in terms of activity in our primary
	sensory organs (e.g., vision, proprioception). Subsequently, the
	brain evaluates the sensory feedback and produces a subjective measure
	of utility or usefulness of the motor commands (e.g., reward). As
	a result, comparisons between predicted and observed consequences
	of motor commands produce two forms of prediction error. How do these
	errors contribute to changes in motor commands? Here, we considered
	a reach adaptation protocol and found that when high quality sensory
	feedback was available, adaptation of motor commands was driven almost
	exclusively by sensory prediction errors. This form of learning had
	a distinct signature: as motor commands adapted, the subjects altered
	their predictions regarding sensory consequences of motor commands,
	and generalized this learning broadly to neighboring motor commands.
	In contrast, as the quality of the sensory feedback degraded, adaptation
	of motor commands became more dependent on reward prediction errors.
	Reward prediction errors produced comparable changes in the motor
	commands, but produced no change in the predicted sensory consequences
	of motor commands, and generalized only locally. Because we found
	that there was a within subject correlation between generalization
	patterns and sensory remapping, it is plausible that during adaptation
	an individual's relative reliance on sensory vs. reward prediction
	errors could be inferred. We suggest that while motor commands change
	because of sensory and reward prediction errors, only sensory prediction
	errors produce a change in the neural system that predicts sensory
	consequences of motor commands.},
  annote = {Not sure about value. When one runs a reinforcement learning task,
	subjects make use of reward learning, when running a sensory task,
	people make use of sensory feedback. Also, it seems that the RWD
	group did a different task (internally). Instead of trying to reach
	the predefined position and adapting their motor command, maybe they
	just tried to reach a different position without changing their motor
	commands.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Izawa, Shadmehr - 2011 - Learning from sensory and reward prediction errors during motor adaptation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1553-7358},
  pmid = {21423711},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3053313\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{JahfariVerbruggenFrankEtAl12,
  author = {Jahfari, S. and Verbruggen, F. and Frank, M. J. and Waldorp, L. J.
	and Colzato, L. and Ridderinkhof, K. R. and Forstmann, B. U.},
  title = {{How Preparation Changes the Need for Top-Down Control of the Basal
	Ganglia When Inhibiting Premature Actions}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {10870--10878},
  number = {32},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Goal-oriented signals from the prefrontal cortex gate the selection
	of appropriate actions in the basal ganglia. Key nodes within this
	fronto-basal ganglia action regulation network are increasingly engaged
	when one anticipates the need to inhibit and override planned actions.
	Here, we ask how the advance preparation of action plans modulates
	the need for fronto-subcortical control when a planned action needs
	to be withdrawn. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were
	collected while human participants performed a stop task with cues
	indicating the likelihood of a stop signal being sounded. Mathematical
	modeling of go trial responses suggested that participants attained
	a more cautious response strategy when the probability of a stop
	signal increased. Effective connectivity analysis indicated that,
	even in the absence of stop signals, the proactive engagement of
	the full control network is tailored to the likelihood of stop trial
	occurrence. Importantly, during actual stop trials, the strength
	of fronto-subcortical projections was stronger when stopping had
	to be engaged reactively compared with when it was proactively prepared
	in advance. These findings suggest that fronto-basal ganglia control
	is strongest in an unpredictable environment, where the prefrontal
	cortex plays an important role in the optimization of reactive control.
	Importantly, these results further indicate that the advance preparation
	of action plans reduces the need for reactive fronto-basal ganglia
	communication to gate voluntary actions.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0902-12.2012},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/32/10870}
}

@ARTICLE{JahfariWaldorpWildenbergEtAl11,
  author = {Jahfari, Sara and Waldorp, Lourens and van den Wildenberg, Wery P
	M and Scholte, H Steven and Ridderinkhof, K Richard and Forstmann,
	Birte U},
  title = {{Effective connectivity reveals important roles for both the hyperdirect
	(fronto-subthalamic) and the indirect (fronto-striatal-pallidal)
	fronto-basal ganglia pathways during response inhibition.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {6891--9},
  number = {18},
  month = may,
  abstract = {Fronto-basal ganglia pathways play a crucial role in voluntary action
	control, including the ability to inhibit motor responses. Response
	inhibition might be mediated via a fast hyperdirect pathway connecting
	the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and the presupplementary
	motor area (preSMA) with the subthalamic nucleus or, alternatively,
	via the indirect pathway between the cortex and caudate. To test
	the relative contribution of these two pathways to inhibitory action
	control, we applied an innovative quantification method for effective
	brain connectivity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were
	collected from 20 human participants performing a Simon interference
	task with an occasional stop signal. A single right-lateralized model
	involving both the hyperdirect and indirect pathways best explained
	the pattern of brain activation on stop trials. Notably, the overall
	connection strength of this combined model was highest on successfully
	inhibited trials. Inspection of the relationship between behavior
	and connection values revealed that fast inhibitors showed increased
	connectivity between rIFG and right caudate (rCaudate), whereas slow
	inhibitors were associated with increased connectivity between preSMA
	and rCaudate. In compliance, connection strengths from the rIFG and
	preSMA into the rCaudate were correlated negatively. If participants
	failed to stop, the magnitude of experienced interference (Simon
	effect), but not stopping latency, was predictive for the hyperdirect-indirect
	model connections. Together, the present results suggest that both
	the hyperdirect and indirect pathways act together to implement response
	inhibition, whereas the relationship between performance control
	and the fronto-basal ganglia connections points toward a top-down
	mechanism that underlies voluntary action control.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5253-10.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Jahfari et al. - 2011 - Effective connectivity reveals important roles for both the hyperdirect (fronto-subthalamic) and the indirect (fronto-striatal-pallidal) fronto-basal ganglia pathways during response inhibition.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {STN,preSMA,rIFG,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {STN,preSMA,rIFG,response inhibition},
  pmid = {21543619},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21543619}
}

@ARTICLE{JenkinsonBrown11,
  author = {Jenkinson, Ned and Brown, Peter},
  title = {{New insights into the relationship between dopamine, beta oscillations
	and motor function.}},
  journal = {Trends in neurosciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {611--618},
  number = {12},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Synchronised neuronal oscillations at beta frequencies are prevalent
	in the human motor system, but their function is unclear. In this
	Opinion article, we propose that the levels of beta oscillations
	provide a measure of the likelihood that a new voluntary action will
	need to be actuated. Oscillatory beta activity is in turn modulated
	by net dopamine levels at sites of cortical input to the basal ganglia.
	We hypothesise that net dopamine levels are modulated in response
	to salient internal and external cues. Crucially, the resulting modulation
	of beta activity is predictive, enabling the appropriate prospective
	resourcing and preparation of potential actions. Loss of dopamine,
	as in Parkinson's disease, annuls this function, unless net dopaminergic
	activity can be elevated through medication.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( New insights into the relationship between dopamine,
	beta oscillations and motor function. - Jenkinson, Ned; Brown, Peter
	)


	 From Duplicate 1 ( New insights into the relationship between dopamine,
	beta oscillations and motor function. - Jenkinson, Ned; Brown, Peter
	)


	 From Duplicate 2 ( New insights into the relationship between dopamine,
	beta oscillations and motor function. - Jenkinson, Ned; Brown, Peter
	)


	 From Duplicate 2 ( New insights into the relationship between dopamine,
	beta oscillations and motor function. - Jenkinson, Ned; Brown, Peter
	)










	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2011.09.003},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Jenkinson, Brown - 2011 - New insights into the relationship between dopamine, beta oscillations and motor function.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1878-108X},
  pmid = {22018805},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22018805}
}

@ARTICLE{JessupBusemeyerBrown10,
  author = {Jessup, Ryan K and Busemeyer, Jerome R and Brown, Joshua W},
  title = {{Error effects in anterior cingulate cortex reverse when error likelihood
	is high.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {3467--72},
  number = {9},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Strong error-related activity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has
	been shown repeatedly with neuroimaging and event-related potential
	studies for the last several decades. Multiple theories have been
	proposed to account for error effects, including comparator models
	and conflict detection models, but the neural mechanisms that generate
	error signals remain in dispute. Typical studies use relatively low
	error rates, confounding the expectedness and the desirability of
	an error. Here we show with a gambling task and functional magnetic
	resonance imaging that when losses are more frequent than wins, the
	mPFC error effect disappears, and moreover, exhibits the opposite
	pattern by responding more strongly to unexpected wins than losses.
	These findings provide perspective on recent ERP studies and suggest
	that mPFC error effects result from a comparison between actual and
	expected outcomes.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4130-09.2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Jessup, Busemeyer, Brown - 2010 - Error effects in anterior cingulate cortex reverse when error likelihood is high.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  pmid = {20203206},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203206}
}

@ARTICLE{JezekHenriksenTrevesEtAl11,
  author = {Jezek, Karel and Henriksen, Espen J. and Treves, Alessandro and Moser,
	Edvard I. and Moser, May-Britt},
  title = {{Theta-paced flickering between place-cell maps in the hippocampus}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {478},
  pages = {246--249},
  number = {7368},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1038/nature10439},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Jezek et al. - 2011 - Theta-paced flickering between place-cell maps in the hippocampus.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature10439}
}

@ARTICLE{JochamKleinUllsperger11,
  author = {Jocham, G. and Klein, T. a. and Ullsperger, M.},
  title = {{Dopamine-Mediated Reinforcement Learning Signals in the Striatum
	and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Underlie Value-Based Choices}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {1606--1613},
  number = {5},
  month = feb,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3904-10.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Jocham, Klein, Ullsperger - 2011 - Dopamine-Mediated Reinforcement Learning Signals in the Striatum and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Underlie Value-Based Choices.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3904-10.2011}
}

@ARTICLE{JohnstonEverling06,
  author = {Johnston, Kevin and Everling, Stefan},
  title = {{Monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex sends task-selective signals
	directly to the superior colliculus.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {12471--8},
  number = {48},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in
	the ability to perform complex behaviors requiring the implementation
	of cognitive control. A central supposition of models of prefrontal
	function is that the DLPFC engages control by selectively modulating
	the activity of target structures to which it is connected, but no
	studies in the primate have directly investigated DLPFC output signals.
	Here, we recorded the activity of DLPFC neurons identified as sending
	a direct projection to the superior colliculus, a midbrain oculomotor
	structure, while monkeys performed alternating blocks of trials in
	which they had to look toward a flashed peripheral stimulus (prosaccades)
	and trials in which they had to look away from the stimulus in the
	opposite direction (antisaccades). We report the first direct evidence
	that the primate DLPFC sends task-selective signals to a target structure.
	This supports the notion that the DLPFC orchestrates the activity
	of other brain areas in accordance with task requirements.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4101-06.2006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Johnston, Everling - 2006 - Monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex sends task-selective signals directly to the superior colliculus.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Haplorhini,Macaca
	mulatta,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Prefrontal
	Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Superior Colliculi,Superior Colliculi: physiology,antisaccade},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade},
  pmid = {17135409},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17135409}
}

@ARTICLE{JonesLove11,
  author = {Jones, Matt and Love, Bradley C.},
  title = {{Bayesian Fundamentalism or Enlightenment? On the explanatory status
	and theoretical contributions of Bayesian models of cognition}},
  journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {169--188},
  number = {04},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1017/S0140525X10003134},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Jones, Love - 2011 - Bayesian Fundamentalism or Enlightenment On the explanatory status and theoretical contributions of Bayesian models of cognition.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0140-525X},
  keywords = {bayesian modeling,cognitive processing,levels of analysis,rational
	analysis,representation},
  url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract\_S0140525X10003134}
}

@ARTICLE{JostMayrRosler08,
  author = {Jost, K. and Mayr, U. and Rosler, F.},
  title = {{Is task switching nothing but cue priming? Evidence from ERPs}},
  journal = {Cognitive, Affective, \& Behavioral Neuroscience},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {74--84},
  number = {1},
  month = mar,
  doi = {10.3758/CABN.8.1.74},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Jost, Mayr, Rosler - 2008 - Is task switching nothing but cue priming Evidence from ERPs.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1530-7026},
  url = {http://cabn.psychonomic-journals.org/cgi/doi/10.3758/CABN.8.1.74}
}

@ARTICLE{JournalStatisticalSeries08,
  author = {Journal, Source and Statistical, Royal and Series, Society},
  title = {{Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data via the EM Algorithm Author
	( s ): A . P . Dempster , N . M . Laird , D . B . Rubin Published
	by : Blackwell Publishing for the Royal Statistical Society Stable
	URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/2984875}},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {1--38},
  number = {1}
}

@ARTICLE{KableGlimcher09,
  author = {Kable, Joseph W and Glimcher, Paul W},
  title = {{The neurobiology of decision: consensus and controversy.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {733--45},
  number = {6},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {We review and synthesize recent neurophysiological studies of decision
	making in humans and nonhuman primates. From these studies, the basic
	outline of the neurobiological mechanism for primate choice is beginning
	to emerge. The identified mechanism is now known to include a multicomponent
	valuation stage, implemented in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and
	associated parts of striatum, and a choice stage, implemented in
	lateral prefrontal and parietal areas. Neurobiological studies of
	decision making are beginning to enhance our understanding of economic
	and social behavior as well as our understanding of significant health
	disorders where people's behavior plays a key role.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.003},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kable, Glimcher - 2009 - The neurobiology of decision consensus and controversy.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain,Brain Mapping,Brain: cytology,Brain: physiology,Computer
	Simulation,Consensus,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Humans,Learning,Learning:
	physiology,Models, Neurological,Nerve Net,Neural Pathways,Neural
	Pathways: physiology,Neurobiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Neuropsychological
	Tests},
  pmid = {19778504},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19778504}
}

@ARTICLE{KaralunasHuang-PollockNigg,
  author = {Karalunas, Sarah L. and Huang-Pollock, Cynthia L. and Nigg, Joel
	T.},
  title = {{Decomposing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related
	effects in response speed and variability.}},
  abstract = {Objective: Slow and variable reaction times (RTs) on fast tasks are
	such a prominent feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
	(ADHD) that any theory must account for them. However, this has proven
	difficult because the cognitive mechanisms responsible for this effect
	remain unexplained. Although speed and variability are typically
	correlated, it is unclear whether single or multiple mechanisms are
	responsible for group differences in each. RTs are a result of several
	semi-independent processes, including stimulus encoding, rate of
	information processing, speed–accuracy trade-offs, and motor response,
	which have not been previously well characterized. Method: A diffusion
	model was applied to RTs from a forced-choice RT paradigm in two
	large, independent case-control samples (N Cohort 1 = 214 and N Cohort
	2 = 172). The decomposition measured three validated parameters that
	account for the full RT distribution and assessed reproducibility
	of ADHD effects. Results: In both samples, group differences in traditional
	RT variables were explained by slow information processing speed,
	and unrelated to speed–accuracy trade-offs or nondecisional processes
	(e.g., encoding, motor response). Conclusions: RT speed and variability
	in ADHD may be explained by a single information processing parameter,
	potentially simplifying explanations that assume different mechanisms
	are required to account for group differences in the mean and variability
	of RTs. },
  annote = {ADHD decreased drift-rate. Same threshold and non-decision time.}
}

@ARTICLE{KasanovaWaltzStraussEtAl11,
  author = {Kasanova, Zuzana and Waltz, James a and Strauss, Gregory P and Frank,
	Michael J and Gold, James M},
  title = {{Optimizing vs. matching: response strategy in a probabilistic learning
	task is associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.}},
  journal = {Schizophrenia research},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {127},
  pages = {215--22},
  number = {1-3},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Previous research indicates that behavioral performance in simple
	probability learning tasks can be organized into response strategy
	classifications that are thought to predict important personal characteristics
	and individual differences. Typically, relatively small proportion
	of subjects can be identified as optimizers for effectively exploiting
	the environment and choosing the more rewarding stimulus nearly all
	of the time. In contrast, the vast majority of subjects behaves sub-optimally
	and adopts the matching or super-matching strategy, apportioning
	their responses in a way that matches or slightly exceeds the probabilities
	of reinforcement. In the present study, we administered a two-choice
	probability learning paradigm to 51 individuals with schizophrenia
	(SZ) and 29 healthy controls (NC) to examine whether there are differences
	in the proportion of subjects falling into these response strategy
	classifications, and to determine whether task performance is differentially
	associated with symptom severity and neuropsychological functioning.
	Although the sample of SZ patients did not differ from NC in overall
	rate of learning or end performance, significant clinical differences
	emerged when patients were divided into optimizing, super-matching
	and matching subgroups based upon task performance. Patients classified
	as optimizers, who adopted the most advantageous learning strategy,
	exhibited higher levels of positive and negative symptoms than their
	matching and super-matching counterparts. Importantly, when both
	positive and negative symptoms were considered together, only negative
	symptom severity was a significant predictor of whether a subject
	would behave optimally, with each one standard deviation increase
	in negative symptoms increasing the odds of a patient being an optimizer
	by as much as 80\%. These data provide a rare example of a greater
	clinical impairment being associated with better behavioral performance.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.schres.2010.12.003},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kasanova et al. - 2011 - Optimizing vs. matching response strategy in a probabilistic learning task is associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1573-2509},
  keywords = {Adult,Behavioral Symptoms,Behavioral Symptoms: etiology,Choice Behavior,Choice
	Behavior: physiology,Female,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Neuropsychological
	Tests,Probability Learning,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia:
	complications,Schizophrenic Psychology},
  pmid = {21239143},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3051026\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{KassRaftery95,
  author = {Kass, Robert E. and Raftery, Adrian E.},
  title = {{Bayes Factors}},
  journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  year = {1995},
  volume = {90},
  pages = {773--795},
  number = {430},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kass, Raftery - 1995 - Bayes Factors.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0162-1459},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572}
}

@ARTICLE{KendellJablensky03,
  author = {Kendell, R and Jablensky, A},
  title = {{Distinguishing between the validity and utility of psychiatric diagnoses}},
  journal = {American journal of psychiatry},
  year = {2003},
  url = {http://journals.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=175948}
}

@ARTICLE{KendlerKupferNarrowEtAl09,
  author = {Kendler, K and Kupfer, D and Narrow, W and Phillips, K and Fawcett,
	J},
  title = {{Guidelines for making changes to DSM-V}},
  journal = {\ldots manuscript, Washington, DC: \ldots},
  year = {2009},
  url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&q=Guidelines+for++making+changes+to+DSM-V.\&btnG=\&as\_sdt=1,40\&as\_sdtp=\#0}
}

@ARTICLE{KennerleyBehrensWallis11,
  author = {Kennerley, Steven W and Behrens, Timothy E J and Wallis, Jonathan
	D},
  title = {{Double dissociation of value computations in orbitofrontal and anterior
	cingulate neurons}},
  journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1581--1589},
  number = {12},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2961},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kennerley, Behrens, Wallis - 2011 - Double dissociation of value computations in orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate neurons.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nn.2961}
}

@ARTICLE{KingLinkeGassEtAl11,
  author = {King, Andrea V. and Linke, Julia and Gass, Achim and Hennerici, Michael
	G. and Tost, Heike and Poupon, Cyril and Wessa, Mich\`{e}le},
  title = {{Microstructure of a three-way anatomical network predicts individual
	differences in response inhibition: A tractography study}},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2011},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {Response inhibition is thought to depend critically on the inferior
	frontal gyrus, pars opercularis (IFGoper), presupplementary motor
	area (preSMA) and basal ganglia, including the subthalamic nucleus
	(STN), but the differential contribution of structural connections
	within this network to response inhibition remains unclear. Using
	diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic fiber tractography, we
	investigated the relative associations between local white matter
	microstructure and stop-signal response inhibition in fronto-basal
	ganglia tracts delineated by probabilistic tractography. In a tract-of-interest
	approach, we identify significant associations with fractional anisotropy
	(FA) in fibers connecting the right STN region to both preSMA/SMA
	and IFGoper and in bilateral tracts connecting preSMA/SMA to IFGoper
	and the striatum. In addition, significant associations with radial
	diffusivity (RD) were found in fibers connecting the right preSMA/SMA
	to striatum and in bilateral tracts between IFGoper and STN region.
	In our whole-brain analysis, additional significant clusters were
	identified in the corpus callosum, optic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital
	tract and white matter of the precentral gyrus. To investigate the
	relative importance of regional white matter characteristics to response
	inhibition performance, we performed a step-wise multiple regression
	analysis that yielded FA in tracts connecting preSMA/SMA to the STN
	region and striatum, respectively, and RD in fibers connecting IFGoper
	to the STN region as best predictors of response inhibition performance
	(42\% explained variance). These findings point to a specific contribution
	of white matter pathways connecting distinct basal ganglia structures
	with both medial frontal and ventrolateral prefrontal regions to
	response inhibition.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.008},
  issn = {10538119},
  keywords = {preSMA,rIFG,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {preSMA,rIFG,stop-signal},
  pmid = {21939775},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21939775}
}

@ARTICLE{KishidaKing-CasasMontague10,
  author = {Kishida, Kenneth T and King-Casas, Brooks and Montague, P Read},
  title = {{Neuroeconomic approaches to mental disorders.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {543--54},
  number = {4},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {The pervasiveness of decision-making in every area of human endeavor
	highlights the importance of understanding choice mechanisms and
	their detailed relationship to underlying neurobiological function.
	This review surveys the recent and productive application of game-theoretic
	probes (economic games) to mental disorders. Such games typically
	possess concrete concepts of optimal play, thus providing quantitative
	ways to track when subjects' choices match or deviate from optimal.
	This feature equips economic games with natural classes of control
	signals that should guide learning and choice in the agents that
	play them. These signals and their underlying physical correlates
	in the brain are now being used to generate objective biomarkers
	that may prove useful for exposing and understanding the neurogenetic
	basis of normal and pathological human cognition. Thus, game-theoretic
	probes represent some of the first steps toward producing computationally
	principled, objective measures of cognitive function and dysfunction
	useful for the diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of mental
	disorders.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Neuroeconomic approaches to mental disorders.
	- Kishida, Kenneth T; King-Casas, Brooks; Montague, P Read )




	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.07.021},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  keywords = {Animals,Decision Making,Economics,Experimental,Games,Humans,Mental
	Disorders,Mental Disorders: genetics,Mental Disorders: psychology,Neurosciences},
  pmid = {20797532},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2957178\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{KlossekRussellDickinson08,
  author = {Klossek, U M H and Russell, J and Dickinson, a},
  title = {{The control of instrumental action following outcome devaluation
	in young children aged between 1 and 4 years.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. General},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {137},
  pages = {39--51},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {To determine the role of action-outcome learning in the control of
	young children's instrumental behavior, the authors trained 18- to
	48-month-olds to manipulate visual icons on a touch-sensitive display
	to obtain different types of video clips as outcomes. Subsequently,
	one of the outcomes was devalued by repeated exposure, and children's
	propensity to perform the trained actions was tested in extinction.
	On test, children with a mean age greater than 2.5 years performed
	the action trained with the devalued outcome less than those trained
	with the still-valued outcome, thereby demonstrating that their actions
	were mediated by action-outcome learning. By contrast, the instrumental
	responses of younger children (mean age<2 years) were resistant to
	outcome devaluation and may have been elicited directly by the icons
	associated with each response, rather than mediated by a specific
	action-outcome expectation.},
  annote = {Shows that 1 years, but not 2 or 3 year olds are sensitive to devaluation,
	meaning that 1 year olds are doing S-R while 2 or 3 year olds are
	doing O-R. Interesting test in Exp 2.},
  doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.137.1.39},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Klossek, Russell, Dickinson - 2008 - The control of instrumental action following outcome devaluation in young children aged between 1 and 4 years.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {0096-3445},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Child,Child, Preschool,Female,Goals,Humans,Infant,Intention,Male},
  pmid = {18248128},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18248128}
}

@ARTICLE{KollingBehrensMarsEtAl12,
  author = {Kolling, Nils and Behrens, Timothy E J and Mars, Rogier B and Rushworth,
	Matthew F S},
  title = {{Neural mechanisms of foraging.}},
  journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {336},
  pages = {95--8},
  number = {6077},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Behavioral economic studies involving limited numbers of choices have
	provided key insights into neural decision-making mechanisms. By
	contrast, animals' foraging choices arise in the context of sequences
	of encounters with prey or food. On each encounter, the animal chooses
	whether to engage or, if the environment is sufficiently rich, to
	search elsewhere. The cost of foraging is also critical. We demonstrate
	that humans can alternate between two modes of choice, comparative
	decision-making and foraging, depending on distinct neural mechanisms
	in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior cingulate
	cortex (ACC) using distinct reference frames; in ACC, choice variables
	are represented in invariant reference to foraging or searching for
	alternatives. Whereas vmPFC encodes values of specific well-defined
	options, ACC encodes the average value of the foraging environment
	and cost of foraging.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1216930},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kolling et al. - 2012 - Neural mechanisms of foraging.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Choice Behavior,Decision Making,Female,Gyrus Cinguli,Gyrus
	Cinguli: physiology,Humans,Logistic Models,Male,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal
	Cortex: physiology,Reward,Young Adult},
  pmid = {22491854},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22491854}
}

@ARTICLE{KoningsbruggenPenderMachado09,
  author = {Koningsbruggen, MG Van and Pender, T and Machado, L},
  title = {{Impaired control of the oculomotor reflexes in Parkinson's disease}},
  journal = {Neuropsychologia},
  year = {2009},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393209002711}
}

@ARTICLE{KornblumHasbroucqOsman,
  author = {Kornblum, Sylvan and Hasbroucq, Thierry and Osman, Allen},
  title = {{Dimensional overlap: Cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility--A
	model and taxonomy.}},
  abstract = {[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol
	99(1) of Psychological Review (see record 2008-10517-001). In this
	article, erroneous data were included in Figure 2. The figure and
	original caption are corrected in the erratum.] The classic problem
	of stimulus–response (S–R) compatibility (SRC) is addressed.
	A cognitive model is proposed that views the stimulus and response
	sets in S–R ensembles as categories with dimensions that may or
	may not overlap. If they do overlap, the task may be compatible or
	incompatible, depending on the assigned S–R mapping. If they do
	not overlap, the task is noncompatible regardless of the assigned
	mapping. The overlapping dimensions may be relevant or not. The model
	provides a systematic account of SRC effects, a taxonomy of simple
	performance tasks that were hitherto thought to be unrelated, and
	suggestive parallels between these tasks and the experimental paradigms
	that have traditionally been used to study attentional, controlled,
	and automatic processes. },
  keywords = {response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition}
}

@ARTICLE{KosakiDickinson10,
  author = {Kosaki, Yutaka and Dickinson, Anthony},
  title = {{Choice and contingency in the development of behavioral autonomy
	during instrumental conditioning.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {334--42},
  number = {3},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {In two experiments hungry rats received extensive training to lever
	press for food outcomes before one outcome was devalued by aversion
	conditioning and responding tested in extinction. If the rats were
	trained on a concurrent schedule in which two responses yielded different
	outcomes, performance during the extinction test was reduced by devaluation
	of the associated outcome. By contrast, if a single response was
	trained concurrently with the noncontingent presentations of the
	other outcome, test performance was insensitive to devaluation of
	the contingent outcome. This finding demonstrates that training on
	a schedule that offers a choice between responses that yield different
	outcomes prevents the onset of behavioral autonomy.},
  doi = {10.1037/a0016887},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kosaki, Dickinson - 2010 - Choice and contingency in the development of behavioral autonomy during instrumental conditioning.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {1939-2184},
  keywords = {Animals,Automatism,Avoidance Learning,Avoidance Learning: physiology,Behavior,
	Animal,Choice Behavior,Choice Behavior: physiology,Conditioning,
	Operant,Conditioning, Operant: physiology,Extinction, Psychological,Extinction,
	Psychological: physiology,Food Deprivation,Food Deprivation: physiology,Male,Rats,Reinforcement
	(Psychology),Reinforcement Schedule},
  pmid = {20658864},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20658864}
}

@ARTICLE{KourtisDotsisMarkellos11,
  author = {Kourtis, Apostolos and Dotsis, George and Markellos, Raphael N.},
  title = {{Parameter Uncertainty in Portfolio Selection: Shrinking the Inverse
	Covariance Matrix}},
  journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year = {2011},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1343502},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//Kourtis, Dotsis, Markellos - 2011 - Parameter Uncertainty in Portfolio Selection Shrinking the Inverse Covariance Matrix.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  keywords = {a,ac,c13,c51,c61,g11,inverse covariance matrix,jel classification,kourtis,norfolk,norwich,norwich
	business school,nr4 7tj,parameter uncertainty,portfolio choice,shrinkage,uea,uk,university
	of east anglia},
  url = {http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=1343502}
}

@ARTICLE{KourtisDotsisMarkellos09,
  author = {Kourtis, Apostolos and Dotsis, George and Markellos, Raphael N.},
  title = {{Parameter Uncertainty in Portfolio Selection: Shrinking the Inverse
	Covariance Matrix}},
  journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  year = {2009},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1343502},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//Kourtis, Dotsis, Markellos - 2011 - Parameter Uncertainty in Portfolio Selection Shrinking the Inverse Covariance Matrix.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  keywords = {a,ac,c13,c51,c61,g11,inverse covariance matrix,jel classification,kourtis,norfolk,norwich,norwich
	business school,nr4 7tj,parameter uncertainty,portfolio choice,shrinkage,uea,uk,university
	of east anglia},
  url = {http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=1343502}
}

@ARTICLE{Krafft,
  author = {Krafft, Peter},
  title = {{Topic-Partitioned Multinetwork Embeddings}},
  pages = {1--9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Krafft - Unknown - Topic-Partitioned Multinetwork Embeddings.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{KrajbichRangel11,
  author = {Krajbich, I. and Rangel, A.},
  title = {{Multialternative drift-diffusion model predicts the relationship
	between visual fixations and choice in value-based decisions}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {108},
  number = {33},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1101328108},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Krajbich, Rangel - 2011 - Multialternative drift-diffusion model predicts the relationship between visual fixations and choice in value-based decisions.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0027-8424},
  keywords = {DDM},
  mendeley-tags = {DDM},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1101328108}
}

@ARTICLE{KravitzFreezeParkerEtAl10,
  author = {Kravitz, Alexxai V and Freeze, Benjamin S and Parker, Philip R L
	and Kay, Kenneth and Thwin, Myo T and Deisseroth, Karl and Kreitzer,
	Anatol C},
  title = {{Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control
	of basal ganglia circuitry.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {466},
  pages = {622--6},
  number = {7306},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Neural circuits of the basal ganglia are critical for motor planning
	and action selection. Two parallel basal ganglia pathways have been
	described, and have been proposed to exert opposing influences on
	motor function. According to this classical model, activation of
	the 'direct' pathway facilitates movement and activation of the 'indirect'
	pathway inhibits movement. However, more recent anatomical and functional
	evidence has called into question the validity of this hypothesis.
	Because this model has never been empirically tested, the specific
	function of these circuits in behaving animals remains unknown. Here
	we report direct activation of basal ganglia circuitry in vivo, using
	optogenetic control of direct- and indirect-pathway medium spiny
	projection neurons (MSNs), achieved through Cre-dependent viral expression
	of channelrhodopsin-2 in the striatum of bacterial artificial chromosome
	transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under control of regulatory
	elements for the dopamine D1 or D2 receptor. Bilateral excitation
	of indirect-pathway MSNs elicited a parkinsonian state, distinguished
	by increased freezing, bradykinesia and decreased locomotor initiations.
	In contrast, activation of direct-pathway MSNs reduced freezing and
	increased locomotion. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, direct-pathway
	activation completely rescued deficits in freezing, bradykinesia
	and locomotor initiation. Taken together, our findings establish
	a critical role for basal ganglia circuitry in the bidirectional
	regulation of motor behaviour and indicate that modulation of direct-pathway
	circuitry may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for ameliorating
	parkinsonian motor deficits.},
  doi = {10.1038/nature09159},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kravitz et al. - 2010 - Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  keywords = {Animals,Basal Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: cytology,Basal Ganglia: pathology,Basal
	Ganglia: physiology,Basal Ganglia: physiopathology,Chromosomes, Artificial,
	Bacterial,Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial: genetics,Disease Models,
	Animal,Gait,Hypokinesia,Hypokinesia: complications,Hypokinesia: genetics,Hypokinesia:
	physiopathology,Integrases,Integrases: genetics,Integrases: metabolism,Mice,Mice,
	Transgenic,Models, Neurological,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: physiology,Neostriatum,Neostriatum:
	cytology,Neostriatum: pathology,Neostriatum: physiology,Neostriatum:
	physiopathology,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: cytology,Neural
	Pathways: pathology,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neural Pathways:
	physiopathology,Neurons,Neurons: cytology,Neurons: pathology,Neurons:
	physiology,Oxidopamine,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease: complications,Parkinson
	Disease: genetics,Parkinson Disease: pathology,Parkinson Disease:
	physiopathology,Psychomotor Performance,Receptors, Dopamine,Receptors,
	Dopamine: genetics,Rhodopsin,Rhodopsin: genetics,Rhodopsin: metabolism},
  pmid = {20613723},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20613723}
}

@ARTICLE{KruegerMarkon06,
  author = {Krueger, Robert F. and Markon, Kristian E.},
  title = {{Understanding Psychopathology: Melding Behavior Genetics, Personality,
	and Quantitative Psychology to Develop an Empirically Based Model}},
  journal = {Current Directions in Psychological Science},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {113--117},
  number = {3},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00418.x},
  issn = {0963-7214},
  language = {en},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications},
  url = {http://cdp.sagepub.com/content/15/3/113.full}
}

@BOOK{Kruschke10,
  title = {{Doing Bayesian data analysis: A tutorial introduction with R and
	BUGS}},
  publisher = {Academic Press / Elsevier},
  year = {2010},
  author = {Kruschke, J},
  file = {::},
  isbn = {9780123814852},
  url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=ZRMJ-CebFm4C\&oi=fnd\&pg=PP2\&dq=kruschke+doing+bayesian+data+analysis\&ots=DsCCPI6uAW\&sig=05YmmOLJ8DbRLwvtXxwWyIg0Eq0}
}

@ARTICLE{Kruschke12,
  author = {Kruschke, John K},
  title = {{Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test}},
  year = {2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kruschke - 2012 - Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Kruschke12a,
  author = {Kruschke, John K JK},
  title = {{Posterior predictive check can and should be Bayesian: Comment on
	Gelman and Shalizi (2012a)}},
  journal = {indiana.edu},
  year = {2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kruschke - 2012 - Posterior predictive check can and should be Bayesian Comment on Gelman and Shalizi (2012a).pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://www.indiana.edu/~kruschke/articles/Kruschke2012BJMSP.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{KulisJordan11,
  author = {Kulis, Brian and Jordan, Michael I.},
  title = {{Revisiting k-means: New Algorithms via Bayesian Nonparametrics}},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {14},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Bayesian models offer great flexibility for clustering applications---Bayesian
	nonparametrics can be used for modeling infinite mixtures, and hierarchical
	Bayesian models can be utilized for sharing clusters across multiple
	data sets. For the most part, such flexibility is lacking in classical
	clustering methods such as k-means. In this paper, we revisit the
	k-means clustering algorithm from a Bayesian nonparametric viewpoint.
	Inspired by the asymptotic connection between k-means and mixtures
	of Gaussians, we show that a Gibbs sampling algorithm for the Dirichlet
	process mixture approaches a hard clustering algorithm in the limit,
	and further that the resulting algorithm monotonically minimizes
	an elegant underlying k-means-like clustering objective that includes
	a penalty for the number of clusters. We generalize this analysis
	to the case of clustering multiple data sets through a similar asymptotic
	argument with the hierarchical Dirichlet process. We also discuss
	further extensions that highlight the benefits of our analysis: i)
	a spectral relaxation involving thresholded eigenvectors, and ii)
	a normalized cut graph clustering algorithm that does not fix the
	number of clusters in the graph.},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {1111.0352},
  eprint = {1111.0352},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.0352}
}

@ARTICLE{KulisJordanEecsEtAl12,
  author = {Kulis, Brian and Jordan, Michael I and Eecs, Jordan and Edu, Berkeley},
  title = {{Revisiting k-means : New Algorithms via Bayesian Nonparametrics}},
  year = {2012},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Revisiting k-means : New Algorithms via Bayesian
	Nonparametrics - Kulis, Brian; Jordan, Michael I; Eecs, Jordan; Edu,
	Berkeley )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Revisiting k-means : New Algorithms via Bayesian
	Nonparametrics - Kulis, Brian; Jordan, Michael I; Eecs, Jordan; Edu,
	Berkeley )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Revisiting k-means : New Algorithms via Bayesian
	Nonparametrics - Kulis, Brian; Jordan, Michael I; Eecs, Jordan; Edu,
	Berkeley )

	 Nice review.

	 But: converts problem from choosing K to choosing distance (which
	is more difficult). So not that awesome.






	 From Duplicate 2 ( Revisiting k-means : New Algorithms via Bayesian
	Nonparametrics - Kulis, Brian; Jordan, Michael I; Eecs, Jordan; Edu,
	Berkeley )

	 Nice review.

	 But: converts problem from choosing K to choosing distance (which
	is more difficult). So not that awesome.


	 },
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kulis et al. - 2012 - Revisiting k-means New Algorithms via Bayesian Nonparametrics.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{KunimatsuTanaka10,
  author = {Kunimatsu, Jun and Tanaka, Masaki},
  title = {{Roles of the primate motor thalamus in the generation of antisaccades.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {5108--17},
  number = {14},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {In response to changes in our environment, we select from possible
	actions depending on the given situation. The underlying neural mechanisms
	for this flexible behavioral control have been examined using the
	antisaccade paradigm. In this task, subjects suppress saccades to
	the sudden appearance of visual stimuli (prosaccade) and make a saccade
	in the opposite direction. Because recent imaging studies showed
	enhanced activity in the thalamus and basal ganglia during antisaccades,
	we hypothesized that the corticobasal ganglia loop may be involved.
	To test this, we recorded from neurons in the paralaminar part of
	the ventroanterior (VA), ventrolateral (VL) and mediodorsal (MD)
	nuclei of the thalamus when 3 monkeys performed pro/antisaccade tasks.
	For many VL and some VA neurons, the firing rate was greater during
	anti- than prosaccades. In contrast, neurons in the MD thalamus showed
	much variety of responses. For the population as a whole, neuronal
	activity in the VA/VL thalamus was strongly enhanced during antisaccades
	compared with prosaccades, while activity in the MD nucleus was not.
	Inactivation of the VA/VL thalamus resulted in an increase in the
	number of error trials in the antisaccade tasks, indicating that
	signals in the motor thalamus play roles in the generation of antisaccades.
	Enhancement of firing modulation during antisaccades found in the
	thalamus and those reported previously in the supplementary eye field
	and the basal ganglia suggest a strong functional linkage between
	these structures. The neuronal processes through the thalamocortical
	pathways might be essential for the volitional control of saccades.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0406-10.2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Kunimatsu, Tanaka - 2010 - Roles of the primate motor thalamus in the generation of antisaccades.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Animals,Female,Macaca,Male,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic
	Stimulation: methods,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Thalamus,Thalamus:
	physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,antisaccade},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade},
  pmid = {20371831},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20371831}
}

@ARTICLE{LaBerge62,
  author = {LaBerge, David},
  title = {{A recruitment theory of simple behavior}},
  journal = {Psychometrika},
  year = {1962},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {375--396},
  number = {4},
  month = dec,
  doi = {10.1007/BF02289645},
  issn = {0033-3123},
  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/BF02289645}
}

@ARTICLE{LabordaMiller11,
  author = {Laborda, Mario a and Miller, Ralph R},
  title = {{S-R associations, their extinction, and recovery in an animal model
	of anxiety: a new associative account of phobias without recall of
	original trauma.}},
  journal = {Behavior therapy},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {153--69},
  number = {2},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Associative accounts of the etiology of phobias have been criticized
	because of numerous cases of phobias in which the client does not
	remember a relevant traumatic event (i.e., Pavlovian conditioning
	trial), instructions, or vicarious experience with the phobic object.
	In three lick suppression experiments with rats as subjects, we modeled
	an associative account of such fears. Experiment 1 assessed stimulus-response
	(S-R) associations in first-order fear conditioning. After behaviorally
	complete devaluation of the unconditioned stimulus, the target stimulus
	still produced strong conditioned responses, suggesting that an S-R
	association had been formed and that this association was not significantly
	affected when the outcome was devalued through unsignaled presentations
	of the unconditioned stimulus. Experiments 2 and 3 examined extinction
	and recovery of S-R associations. Experiment 2 showed that extinguished
	S-R associations returned when testing occurred outside of the extinction
	context (i.e., renewal) and Experiment 3 found that a long delay
	between extinction and testing also produced a return of the extinguished
	S-R associations (i.e., spontaneous recovery). These experiments
	suggest that fears for which people cannot recall a cause are explicable
	in an associative framework, and indicate that those fears are susceptible
	to relapse after extinction treatment just like stimulus-outcome
	(S-O) associations.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2010.06.002},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Laborda, Miller - 2011 - S-R associations, their extinction, and recovery in an animal model of anxiety a new associative account of phobias without recall of original trauma.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {1878-1888},
  keywords = {Analysis of Variance,Animals,Anxiety,Anxiety: physiopathology,Association
	Learning,Association Learning: physiology,Conditioning, Classical,Conditioning,
	Classical: physiology,Disease Models, Animal,Extinction, Psychological,Extinction,
	Psychological: physiology,Fear,Fear: physiology,Female,Male,Mental
	Recall,Mental Recall: physiology,Random Allocation,Rats,Rats, Sprague-Dawley},
  pmid = {21496503},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21496503}
}

@ARTICLE{LafuenteRomo11,
  author = {de Lafuente, V. and Romo, R.},
  title = {{Dopamine neurons code subjective sensory experience and uncertainty
	of perceptual decisions}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {108},
  number = {49},
  month = nov,
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Dopamine neurons code subjective sensory experience
	and uncertainty of perceptual decisions - de Lafuente, V.; Romo,
	R. )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Dopamine neurons code subjective sensory experience
	and uncertainty of perceptual decisions - de Lafuente, V.; Romo,
	R. )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Dopamine neurons code subjective sensory experience
	and uncertainty of perceptual decisions - de Lafuente, V.; Romo,
	R. )






	 From Duplicate 2 ( Dopamine neurons code subjective sensory experience
	and uncertainty of perceptual decisions - de Lafuente, V.; Romo,
	R. )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Dopamine neurons code subjective sensory experience
	and uncertainty of perceptual decisions - de Lafuente, V.; Romo,
	R. )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Dopamine neurons code subjective sensory experience
	and uncertainty of perceptual decisions - de Lafuente, V.; Romo,
	R. )










	 },
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1117636108},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/de Lafuente, Romo - 2011 - Dopamine neurons code subjective sensory experience and uncertainty of perceptual decisions.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0027-8424},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1117636108}
}

@ARTICLE{Learning09,
  author = {Learning, Recurrent Reinforcement},
  title = {{Tikesh Ramtohul WWZ, University of Basel 19}},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {2009},
  number = {June}
}

@ARTICLE{LeathersOlson12,
  author = {Leathers, Marvin L and Olson, Carl R},
  title = {{In monkeys making value-based decisions, LIP neurons encode cue
	salience and not action value.}},
  journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {338},
  pages = {132--5},
  number = {6103},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {In monkeys deciding between alternative saccadic eye movements, lateral
	intraparietal (LIP) neurons representing each saccade fire at a rate
	proportional to the value of the reward expected upon its completion.
	This observation has been interpreted as indicating that LIP neurons
	encode saccadic value and that they mediate value-based decisions
	between saccades. Here, we show that LIP neurons representing a given
	saccade fire strongly not only if it will yield a large reward but
	also if it will incur a large penalty. This finding indicates that
	LIP neurons are sensitive to the motivational salience of cues. It
	is compatible neither with the idea that LIP neurons represent action
	value nor with the idea that value-based decisions take place in
	LIP neurons.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1226405},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Leathers, Olson - 2012 - In monkeys making value-based decisions, LIP neurons encode cue salience and not action value.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  keywords = {Animals,Cues,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Macaca mulatta,Male,Motivation,Motivation:
	physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Reward,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Social Values},
  pmid = {23042897},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042897}
}

@ARTICLE{Lecrubier08,
  author = {Lecrubier, Yves},
  title = {{Refinement of diagnosis and disease classification in psychiatry.}},
  journal = {European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {258 Suppl },
  pages = {6--11},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Knowledge concerning the classification of mental disorders progressed
	substantially with the use of DSM III-IV and IDCD 10 because it was
	based on observed data, with precise definitions. These classifications
	a priori avoided to generate definitions related to etiology or treatment
	response. They are based on a categorical approach where diagnostic
	entities share common phenomenological features. Modifications proposed
	or discussed are related to the weak validity of the classification
	strategy described above. (a) Disorders are supposed to be independent
	but the current coexistence of two or more disorders is the rule;
	(b) They also are supposed to have stability, however anxiety disorders
	most of the time precede major depression. For GAD age at onset,
	family history, biology and symptomatology are close to those of
	depression. As a consequence broader entities such as depression-GAD
	spectrum, panic-phobias spectrum and OCD spectrum including eating
	disorders and pathological gambling are taken into consideration;
	(c) Diagnostic categories use thresholds to delimitate a border with
	normals. This creates "subthreshold" conditions. The relevance of
	such conditions is well documented. Measuring the presence and severity
	of different dimensions, independent from a threshold, will improve
	the relevance of the description of patients pathology. In addition,
	this dimensional approach will improve the problems posed by the
	mutually exclusive diagnoses (depression and GAD, schizophrenia and
	depression); (d) Some disorders are based on the coexistence of different
	dimensions. Patients may present only one set of symptoms and have
	different characteristics, evolution and response to treatment. An
	example would be negative symptoms in Schizophrenia; (e) Because
	no etiological model is available and most measures are subjective,
	objective measures (cognitive, biological) and genetics progresses
	created important hopes. None of these measures is pathognomonic
	and most appear to be related to risk factors especially at certain
	periods when associated with environmental events. One of the major
	aims for a classification of patients is to identify groups to whom
	a best possible therapeutic strategy can be proposed. Drugs may improve
	fear extinction while the genetic and/or acquired avoidance may be
	called phobia. The basic mechanism and or the corresponding phenotype
	should appear in the classification. Progresses in early identification
	of disturbances by taking into account all the information available
	(prodromal symptoms, cognitive, biological, imaging, genetic, family
	information) are crucial for the future therapeutic strategy: prevention.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00406-007-1003-0},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Lecrubier - 2008 - Refinement of diagnosis and disease classification in psychiatry.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0940-1334},
  keywords = {Humans,Mental Disorders,Mental Disorders: classification,Mental Disorders:
	diagnosis,Mental Disorders: drug therapy,Mental Disorders: genetics,Psychiatric
	Status Rating Scales,Psychiatry,Psychotropic Drugs,Psychotropic Drugs:
	therapeutic use,Reference Values,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia: drug
	therapy},
  pmid = {18344044},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344044}
}

@ARTICLE{LeeYauGilesEtAl10,
  author = {Lee, Anthony and Yau, Christopher and Giles, M.B. Michael B and Doucet,
	A. and Holmes, C.C. Christopher C},
  title = {{On the utility of graphics cards to perform massively parallel simulation
	with advanced Monte Carlo methods}},
  journal = {Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {769--789},
  number = {4},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Lee et al. - 2010 - On the utility of graphics cards to perform massively parallel simulation with advanced Monte Carlo methods.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {carlo,general purpose com-,many-core architecture,parallel processing,population-based
	markov chain monte,putation on graphics processing,sequential monte
	carlo,stochastic simulation,units},
  publisher = {ASA},
  url = {http://pubs.amstat.org/doi/pdf/10.1198/jcgs.2010.10039}
}

@ARTICLE{LeeFussNavarro07,
  author = {Lee, M.D. and Fuss, I.G. and Navarro, D.J.},
  title = {{A Bayesian approach to diffusion models of decision-making and response
	time}},
  journal = {Advances in neural information processing systems},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {809},
  number = {949},
  file = {::},
  keywords = {Bayesian,DDM,Hierarchical},
  mendeley-tags = {Bayesian,DDM,Hierarchical},
  publisher = {Citeseer},
  url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.73.5432\&amp;rep=rep1\&amp;type=pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{LeeVandekerckhoveNavarroEtAl,
  author = {Lee, MD and Vandekerckhove, Joachim and Navarro, DJ and Tuerlinckx,
	F.},
  title = {{Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling of Human Decision-Making Using Wiener
	Diffusion}},
  journal = {gandalf.psych.umn.edu},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://gandalf.psych.umn.edu/users/schrater/schrater\_lab/courses/Labmeeting/LeeEtAl\_2007.pdf}
}

@BOOK{LeeWagenmakers13,
  title = {{Bayesian Modeling for Cognitive Science: A Practical Course.}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press.},
  year = {2013},
  author = {Lee, M. D. and Wagenmakers, E.-J.}
}

@ARTICLE{LeottiWager10,
  author = {Leotti, Lauren a and Wager, Tor D},
  title = {{Motivational influences on response inhibition measures.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {430--47},
  number = {2},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Psychological research has placed great emphasis on inhibitory control
	due to its integral role in normal cognition and clinical disorders.
	The stop-signal task and associated measure--stop-signal reaction
	time (SSRT)--provides a well-established paradigm for measuring response
	inhibition. However, motivational influences on stop-signal performance
	and SSRT have not been examined. We conceptualize the stop-signal
	paradigm as a decision-making task involving the trade-off between
	fast responding and accurate inhibition. In 4 experiments, we demonstrate
	that performance trade-offs are influenced by inherent motivational
	biases and explicit strategic control. As a result, SSRT was lower
	when participants favored correct stopping over fast responding than
	when the same participants favored fast responding over correct stopping.
	We present a novel variant of the stop-signal task that uses monetary
	incentives to manipulate motivated speed-accuracy trade-offs. By
	sampling performance at multiple-trade-off settings, we obtain a
	measure of inhibitory ability that is independent of trade-off bias,
	and thus, more easily interpretable when comparing across participants.
	We present a working theoretical model to explain the effects of
	motivational context on response inhibition.},
  doi = {10.1037/a0016802},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Leotti, Wager - 2010 - Motivational influences on response inhibition measures.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1939-1277},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Discrimination (Psychology),Feedback,Female,Humans,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Male,Motivation,Photic Stimulation,Psychological,Psychomotor
	Performance,Reaction Time,Signal Detection,Young Adult,motivation,response
	inhibition,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {motivation,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {20364928},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20364928}
}

@ARTICLE{Leuven09,
  author = {Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit},
  title = {{Extensions and applications of the diffusion model for two-choice
	response times}},
  journal = {Psychologie Schweizerische Zeitschrift F\"{u}r Psychologie Und Ihre
	Andwendungen},
  year = {2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Leuven - 2009 - Extensions and applications of the diffusion model for two-choice response times.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{LeventhalGageSchmidtEtAl12,
  author = {Leventhal, Daniel K. and Gage, Gregory J. and Schmidt, Robert and
	Pettibone, Jeffrey R. and Case, Alaina C. and Berke, Joshua D.},
  title = {{Basal Ganglia Beta Oscillations Accompany Cue Utilization}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {73},
  pages = {523--536},
  number = {3},
  month = feb,
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.032},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Leventhal et al. - 2012 - Basal Ganglia Beta Oscillations Accompany Cue Utilization.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {08966273},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627312000360}
}

@ARTICLE{LiHoi12,
  author = {Li, B and Hoi, SCH},
  title = {{On-Line Portfolio Selection: A Survey}},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1212.2129},
  year = {2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Li, Hoi - 2012 - arXiv 1212 . 2129v1 q-fin . CP 10 Dec 2012.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1212.2129}
}

@ARTICLE{LiHoi12a,
  author = {Li, Bin and Hoi, Steven C H},
  title = {{On-Line Portfolio Selection with Moving Average Reversion}},
  year = {2012},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( On-Line Portfolio Selection with Moving Average
	Reversion - Li, Bin; Hoi, Steven C H )




	 },
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Li, Hoi - 2012 - On-Line Portfolio Selection with Moving Average Reversion.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{LiHoi12b,
  author = {Li, Bin and Hoi, Steven C H},
  title = {{arXiv : 1212 . 2129v1 [ q-fin . CP ] 10 Dec 2012}},
  year = {2012},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {arXiv:1212.2129v1},
  eprint = {arXiv:1212.2129v1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Li, Hoi - 2012 - arXiv 1212 . 2129v1 q-fin . CP 10 Dec 2012.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{LiHuangConstableEtAl06,
  author = {Li, Chiang-shan Ray and Huang, Cong and Constable, R Todd and Sinha,
	Rajita},
  title = {{Imaging response inhibition in a stop-signal task: neural correlates
	independent of signal monitoring and post-response processing.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {186--92},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Execution of higher cortical functions requires inhibitory control
	to restrain habitual responses and meet changing task demands. We
	used functional magnetic resonance imaging to show the neural correlates
	of response inhibition during a stop-signal task. The task has a
	frequent "go" stimulus to set up a pre-potent response tendency and
	a less frequent "stop" signal for subjects to withhold their response.
	We contrasted brain activation between successful and failed inhibition
	for individual subjects and compared groups of subjects with short
	and long stop-signal reaction times. The two groups of subjects did
	not differ in their inhibition failure rates or the extent of signal
	monitoring, error monitoring, or task-associated frustration ratings.
	The results showed that short stop-signal reaction time or more efficient
	response inhibition was associated with greater activation in the
	superior medial and precentral frontal cortices. Moreover, activation
	of these inhibitory motor areas correlated negatively with stop-signal
	reaction time. These brain regions may represent the neural substrata
	of response inhibition independent of other cognitive and affective
	functions.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3741-05.2006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Li et al. - 2006 - Imaging response inhibition in a stop-signal task neural correlates independent of signal monitoring and post-response processing.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3741-05.2006},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping: methods,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral
	Cortex: physiology,Female,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods,Male,Monitoring,Neural
	Pathways,Neural Pathways: physiology,Physiologic,Physiologic: psychology,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Regression Analysis,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  language = {en},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {16399686},
  publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16399686 http://www.jneurosci.org/content/26/1/186.full http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/1/186}
}

@ARTICLE{LinkovskiKalanthroffHenikEtAl12,
  author = {Linkovski, O and Kalanthroff, E and Henik, a and Anholt, G},
  title = {{Did I turn off the stove? Good inhibitory control can protect from
	influences of repeated checking.}},
  journal = {Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {30--36},
  number = {1},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is
	an anxiety disorder characterized by compulsions aimed at reducing
	anxiety associated with intrusive cognitions. However, compulsive
	behaviors such as repeated checking were found to increase rather
	than decrease uncertainty related to obsessive thoughts (e.g., whether
	the gas stove was turned off). Some recent studies illustrate that
	OCD patients and their family members have inhibitory deficits, often
	demonstrated by the stop-signal task. The current study aims to investigate
	relations between inhibitory control and effects of repeated checking.
	METHODS: Fifty-five healthy participants carried out a stop-signal
	task followed by a repeated-checking task. Additionally, participants
	were asked to complete self-report questionnaires measuring OCD,
	anxiety and depression symptoms. RESULTS: Confirming our hypothesis,
	participants with poor inhibitory capabilities demonstrated greater
	uncertainty and memory distrust as a consequence of repeated checking
	than participants with good inhibitory control. LIMITATIONS: Our
	findings concern an initial investigation on a sample of healthy
	participants and should be replicated and extended to clinical populations.
	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that deficits in inhibitory control
	may underlie cognitive vulnerability in OCD. An updated model integrating
	neuropsychological findings with current OCD models is suggested.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.07.002},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Linkovski et al. - 2012 - Did I turn off the stove Good inhibitory control can protect from influences of repeated checking.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-7943},
  keywords = {obsessive-compulsive disorder,ocd},
  pmid = {22863450},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22863450}
}

@ARTICLE{LiuKhalilOweiss11,
  author = {Liu, Jianbo and Khalil, Hassan K and Oweiss, Karim G},
  title = {{Model-based analysis and control of a network of basal ganglia spiking
	neurons in the normal and Parkinsonian states.}},
  journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {045002},
  number = {4},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Controlling the spatiotemporal firing pattern of an intricately connected
	network of neurons through microstimulation is highly desirable in
	many applications. We investigated in this paper the feasibility
	of using a model-based approach to the analysis and control of a
	basal ganglia (BG) network model of Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) spiking neurons
	through microstimulation. Detailed analysis of this network model
	suggests that it can reproduce the experimentally observed characteristics
	of BG neurons under a normal and a pathological Parkinsonian state.
	A simplified neuronal firing rate model, identified from the detailed
	HH network model, is shown to capture the essential network dynamics.
	Mathematical analysis of the simplified model reveals the presence
	of a systematic relationship between the network's structure and
	its dynamic response to spatiotemporally patterned microstimulation.
	We show that both the network synaptic organization and the local
	mechanism of microstimulation can impose tight constraints on the
	possible spatiotemporal firing patterns that can be generated by
	the microstimulated network, which may hinder the effectiveness of
	microstimulation to achieve a desired objective under certain conditions.
	Finally, we demonstrate that the feedback control design aided by
	the mathematical analysis of the simplified model is indeed effective
	in driving the BG network in the normal and Parskinsonian states
	to follow a prescribed spatiotemporal firing pattern. We further
	show that the rhythmic/oscillatory patterns that characterize a dopamine-depleted
	BG network can be suppressed as a direct consequence of controlling
	the spatiotemporal pattern of a subpopulation of the output Globus
	Pallidus internalis (GPi) neurons in the network. This work may provide
	plausible explanations for the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic
	effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease and
	pave the way towards a model-based, network level analysis and closed-loop
	control and optimization of DBS parameters, among many other applications.},
  doi = {10.1088/1741-2560/8/4/045002},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Liu, Khalil, Oweiss - 2011 - Model-based analysis and control of a network of basal ganglia spiking neurons in the normal and Parkinsonian states.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1741-2552},
  pmid = {21775788},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21775788}
}

@ARTICLE{LiuCohenHolmes08,
  author = {Liu, YS Yuan Sophie and Cohen, Jonathan D and Holmes, P},
  title = {{A neural network model of the Eriksen task: Reduction, analysis,
	and data fitting}},
  journal = {Neural Computation},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {373},
  pages = {345--373},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Liu, Cohen, Holmes - 2008 - A neural network model of the Eriksen task Reduction, analysis, and data fitting.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/neco.2007.08-06-313}
}

@ARTICLE{LoMamayskyWang00,
  author = {Lo, Andrew W and Mamaysky, Harry and Wang, Jiang},
  title = {{Foundations of Technical Analysis : Computational Algorithms , Statistical
	Inference , and Empirical Implementation}},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {LV},
  pages = {1705--1765},
  number = {4},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Foundations of Technical Analysis : Computational
	Algorithms , Statistical Inference , and Empirical Implementation
	- Lo, Andrew W; Mamaysky, Harry; Wang, Jiang )




	 },
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Lo, Mamaysky, Wang - 2000 - Foundations of Technical Analysis Computational Algorithms , Statistical Inference , and Empirical Implementation.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{LoBoucherPareEtAl09,
  author = {Lo, Chung-Chuan and Boucher, Leanne and Par\'{e}, Martin and Schall,
	Jeffrey D and Wang, Xiao-Jing},
  title = {{Proactive inhibitory control and attractor dynamics in countermanding
	action: a spiking neural circuit model.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {9059--71},
  number = {28},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Flexible behavior depends on the brain's ability to suppress a habitual
	response or to cancel a planned movement whenever needed. Such inhibitory
	control has been studied using the countermanding paradigm in which
	subjects are required to withhold an imminent movement when a stop
	signal appears infrequently in a fraction of trials. To elucidate
	the circuit mechanism of inhibitory control of action, we developed
	a recurrent network model consisting of spiking movement (GO) neurons
	and fixation (STOP) neurons, based on neurophysiological observations
	in the frontal eye field and superior colliculus of behaving monkeys.
	The model places a premium on the network dynamics before the onset
	of a stop signal, especially the experimentally observed high baseline
	activity of fixation neurons, which is assumed to be modulated by
	a persistent top-down control signal, and their synaptic interaction
	with movement neurons. The model simulated observed neural activity
	and fit behavioral performance quantitatively. In contrast to a race
	model in which the STOP process is initiated at the onset of a stop
	signal, in our model whether a movement will eventually be canceled
	is determined largely by the proactive top-down control and the stochastic
	network dynamics, even before the appearance of the stop signal.
	A prediction about the correlation between the fixation neural activity
	and the behavioral outcome was verified in the neurophysiological
	data recorded from behaving monkeys. The proposed mechanism for adjusting
	control through tonically active neurons that inhibit movement-producing
	neurons has significant implications for exploring the basis of impulsivity
	associated with psychiatric disorders.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6164-08.2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Lo et al. - 2009 - Proactive inhibitory control and attractor dynamics in countermanding action a spiking neural circuit model.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Behavior,Brain,Brain:
	cytology,Computer Simulation,Fixation,Macaca mulatta,Models,Movement,Movement:
	physiology,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Neural
	Networks (Computer),Neurological,Neurons,Neurons: classification,Neurons:
	physiology,Nonlinear Dynamics,Ocular,Ocular: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic
	Stimulation: methods,Proactive Inhibition,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Time Factors,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,Visual
	Pathways,Visual Pathways: physiology},
  pmid = {19605643},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2756461\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{LoWang06,
  author = {Lo, Chung-Chuan and Wang, Xiao-Jing},
  title = {{Cortico-basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold
	in reaction time tasks.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {956--63},
  number = {7},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Growing evidence from primate neurophysiology and modeling indicates
	that in reaction time tasks, a perceptual choice is made when the
	firing rate of a selective cortical neural population reaches a threshold.
	This raises two questions: what is the neural substrate of the threshold
	and how can it be adaptively tuned according to behavioral demands?
	Using a biophysically based network model of spiking neurons, we
	show that local dynamics in the superior colliculus gives rise to
	an all-or-none burst response that signals threshold crossing in
	upstream cortical neurons. Furthermore, the threshold level depends
	only weakly on the efficacy of the cortico-collicular pathway. In
	contrast, the threshold and the rate of reward harvest are sensitive
	to, and hence can be optimally tuned by, the strength of cortico-striatal
	synapses, which are known to be modifiable by dopamine-dependent
	plasticity. Our model provides a framework to describe the main computational
	steps in a reaction time task and suggests that separate brain pathways
	are critical to the detection and adjustment of a decision threshold.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn1722},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Lo, Wang - 2006 - Cortico-basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in reaction time tasks.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Basal Ganglia,Basal
	Ganglia: physiology,Behavior, Animal,Behavior, Animal: physiology,Cerebral
	Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: cytology,Cerebral Cortex: physiology,Decision
	Making,Decision Making: physiology,Functional Laterality,Functional
	Laterality: physiology,Models, Psychological,Neural Networks (Computer),Neural
	Pathways,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: classification,Neurons:
	physiology,Nonlinear Dynamics,Primates,Reaction Time,Reaction Time:
	physiology,Saccades,Saccades: physiology},
  pmid = {16767089},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16767089}
}

@ARTICLE{LopesLangToussaint,
  author = {Lopes, Manuel and Lang, Tobias and Toussaint, Marc},
  title = {{Exploration in Model-based Reinforcement Learning by Empirically
	Estimating Learning Progress}},
  pages = {1--9},
  number = {i},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Lopes, Lang, Toussaint - Unknown - Exploration in Model-based Reinforcement Learning by Empirically Estimating Learning Progress.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{LuPrestonStrick94,
  author = {Lu, M T and Preston, J B and Strick, P L},
  title = {{Interconnections between the prefrontal cortex and the premotor
	areas in the frontal lobe.}},
  journal = {The Journal of comparative neurology},
  year = {1994},
  volume = {341},
  pages = {375--92},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {We examined interconnections between a portion of the prefrontal cortex
	and the premotor areas in the frontal lobe to provide insights into
	the routes by which the prefrontal cortex gains access to the primary
	motor cortex and the central control of movement. We placed multiple
	injections of one retrograde tracer in the arm area of the primary
	motor cortex to define the premotor areas in the frontal lobe. Then,
	in the same animal, we placed multiple injections of another retrograde
	tracer in and around the principal sulcus (Walker's area 46). This
	double labeling strategy enabled us to determine which premotor areas
	are interconnected with the prefrontal cortex. There are three major
	results of this study. First, we found that five of the six premotor
	areas in the frontal lobe are interconnected with the dorsolateral
	prefrontal cortex. Second, the major site for interactions between
	the prefrontal cortex and the premotor areas is the ventral premotor
	area. Third, the prefrontal cortex is interconnected with only a
	portion of the arm representation in three premotor areas (supplementary
	motor area, the caudal cingulate motor area on the ventral bank of
	the cingulate sulcus, and the dorsal premotor area), whereas it is
	interconnected with the entire arm representation in the ventral
	premotor area and the rostral cingulate motor area. These observations
	indicate that the output of the prefrontal cortex targets specific
	premotor areas and even subregions within individual premotor areas.},
  doi = {10.1002/cne.903410308},
  issn = {0021-9967},
  keywords = {Amidines,Animals,Axonal Transport,Brain Mapping,Fluorescent Dyes,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: anatomy \& histology,Frontal Lobe: cytology,Frontal
	Lobe: physiology,Horseradish Peroxidase,Macaca nemestrina,Macaca
	nemestrina: anatomy \& histology,Macaca nemestrina: physiology,Motor
	Cortex,Motor Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Motor Cortex: cytology,Motor
	Cortex: physiology,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: anatomy \&
	histology,Prefrontal Cortex: cytology,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Wheat
	Germ Agglutinin-Horseradish Peroxidase Conju,Wheat Germ Agglutinins},
  pmid = {7515081},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7515081}
}

@ARTICLE{MaBeckLathamEtAl06,
  author = {Ma, Wei Ji and Beck, Jeffrey M and Latham, Peter E and Pouget, Alexandre},
  title = {{Bayesian inference with probabilistic population codes.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {1432--8},
  number = {11},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Recent psychophysical experiments indicate that humans perform near-optimal
	Bayesian inference in a wide variety of tasks, ranging from cue integration
	to decision making to motor control. This implies that neurons both
	represent probability distributions and combine those distributions
	according to a close approximation to Bayes' rule. At first sight,
	it would seem that the high variability in the responses of cortical
	neurons would make it difficult to implement such optimal statistical
	inference in cortical circuits. We argue that, in fact, this variability
	implies that populations of neurons automatically represent probability
	distributions over the stimulus, a type of code we call probabilistic
	population codes. Moreover, we demonstrate that the Poisson-like
	variability observed in cortex reduces a broad class of Bayesian
	inference to simple linear combinations of populations of neural
	activity. These results hold for arbitrary probability distributions
	over the stimulus, for tuning curves of arbitrary shape and for realistic
	neuronal variability.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn1790},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  keywords = {Algorithms,Bayes Theorem,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: physiology,Humans,Models,
	Neurological,Models, Statistical,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: cytology,Nerve
	Net: physiology,Normal Distribution,Poisson Distribution},
  pmid = {17057707},
  shorttitle = {Nat Neurosci},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1790}
}

@ARTICLE{MaanenBrownEicheleEtAl11,
  author = {van Maanen, Leendert and Brown, Scott D and Eichele, Tom and Wagenmakers,
	Eric-Jan and Ho, Tiffany and Serences, John and Forstmann, Birte
	U},
  title = {{Neural Correlates of Trial-to-Trial Fluctuations in Response Caution.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {17488--17495},
  number = {48},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Trial-to-trial variability in decision making can be caused by variability
	in information processing as well as by variability in response caution.
	In this paper, we study which neural components code for trial-to-trial
	adjustments in response caution using a new computational approach
	that quantifies response caution on a single-trial level. We found
	that the frontostriatal network updates the amount of response caution.
	In particular, when human participants were required to respond quickly,
	we found a positive correlation between trial-to-trial fluctuations
	in response caution and the hemodynamic response in the presupplementary
	motor area and dorsal anterior cingulate. In contrast, on trials
	that required a change from a speeded response mode to a more accurate
	response mode or vice versa, we found a positive correlation between
	response caution and hemodynamic response in the anterior cingulate
	proper. These results indicate that for each decision, response caution
	is set through corticobasal ganglia functioning, but that individual
	choices differ according to the mechanisms that trigger changes in
	response caution.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2924-11.2011},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  pmid = {22131410},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22131410}
}

@ARTICLE{Madras,
  author = {Madras, Technology},
  title = {{Modeling the role of Basal Ganglia in Saccade Generation :}},
  journal = {Technology},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Madras - Unknown - Modeling the role of Basal Ganglia in Saccade Generation.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Madras - Unknown - Modeling the role of Basal Ganglia in Saccade Generation.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Maia10,
  author = {Maia, Tiago V},
  title = {{Two-factor theory, the actor-critic model, and conditioned avoidance.}},
  journal = {Learning \& behavior},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {50--67},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Two-factor theory (Mowrer, 1947, 1951, 1956) remains one of the most
	influential theories of avoidance, but it is at odds with empirical
	findings that demonstrate sustained avoidance responding in situations
	in which the theory predicts that the response should extinguish.
	This article shows that the well-known actor-critic model seamlessly
	addresses the problems with two-factor theory, while simultaneously
	being consistent with the core ideas that underlie that theory. More
	specifically, the article shows that (1) the actor-critic model bears
	striking similarities to two-factor theory and explains all of the
	empirical phenomena that two-factor theory explains, in much the
	same way, and (2) there are subtle but important differences between
	the actor-critic model and two-factor theory, which result in the
	actor-critic model predicting the persistence of avoidance responses
	that is found empirically.},
  doi = {10.3758/LB.38.1.50},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Maia - 2010 - Two-factor theory, the actor-critic model, and conditioned avoidance.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1543-4494},
  keywords = {Algorithms,Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Avoidance Learning,Avoidance
	Learning: physiology,Behavior,Computer Simulation,Conditioning (Psychology),Conditioning
	(Psychology): physiology,Escape Reaction,Escape Reaction: physiology,Fear,Fear:
	physiology,Markov Chains,Models,Motivation,Motivation: physiology,Nerve
	Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Psychological,Psychological Theory},
  pmid = {20065349},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065349}
}

@ARTICLE{MaiaFrank11,
  author = {Maia, Tiago V and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{From reinforcement learning models to psychiatric and neurological
	disorders.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {154--62},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Over the last decade and a half, reinforcement learning models have
	fostered an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the functions
	of dopamine and cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) circuits.
	More recently, these models, and the insights that they afford, have
	started to be used to understand important aspects of several psychiatric
	and neurological disorders that involve disturbances of the dopaminergic
	system and CBGTC circuits. We review this approach and its existing
	and potential applications to Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome,
	attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, addiction, schizophrenia
	and preclinical animal models used to screen new antipsychotic drugs.
	The approach's proven explanatory and predictive power bodes well
	for the continued growth of computational psychiatry and computational
	neurology.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2723},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Maia, Frank - 2011 - From reinforcement learning models to psychiatric and neurological disorders.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1546-1726},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain,Brain: physiology,Humans,Models,Nerve Net,Nerve Net:
	physiology,Nervous System Diseases,Nervous System Diseases: physiopathology,Neurological,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Reinforcement (Psychology)},
  pmid = {21270784},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21270784}
}

@ARTICLE{MaiaMcClelland11,
  author = {Maia, Tiago V. and McClelland, James L.},
  title = {{A neurocomputational approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder}},
  journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {14--15},
  number = {1},
  month = dec,
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Maia, McClelland - 2011 - A neurocomputational approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {13646613},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364661311002440}
}

@ARTICLE{MajidCaiGeorgeEtAl11,
  author = {Majid, D S Adnan and Cai, Weidong and George, Jobi S and Verbruggen,
	Frederick and Aron, Adam R},
  title = {{Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reveals Dissociable Mechanisms
	for Global Versus Selective Corticomotor Suppression Underlying the
	Stopping of Action.}},
  journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
  year = {2011},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Stopping an initiated response is an essential function, investigated
	in many studies with go/no-go and stop-signal paradigms. These standard
	tests require rapid action cancellation. This appears to be achieved
	by a suppression mechanism that has "global" effects on corticomotor
	excitability (i.e., affecting task-irrelevant muscles). By contrast,
	stopping action in everyday life may require selectivity (i.e., targeting
	a specific response tendency without affecting concurrent action).
	We hypothesized that while standard stopping engages global suppression,
	behaviorally selective stopping engages a selective suppression mechanism.
	Accordingly, we measured corticomotor excitability of the task-irrelevant
	leg using transcranial magnetic stimulation while subjects stopped
	the hand. Experiment 1 showed that for standard (i.e., nonselective)
	stopping, the task-irrelevant leg was suppressed. Experiment 2 showed
	that for behaviorally selective stopping, there was no mean leg suppression.
	Experiment 3 directly compared behaviorally nonselective and selective
	stopping. Leg suppression occurred only in the behaviorally nonselective
	condition. These results argue that global and selective suppression
	mechanisms are dissociable. Participants may use a global suppression
	mechanism when speed is stressed; however, they may recruit a more
	selective suppression mechanism when selective stopping is behaviorally
	necessary and preparatory information is available. We predict that
	different fronto-basal-ganglia pathways underpin these different
	suppression mechanisms.},
  doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhr112},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Majid et al. - 2011 - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reveals Dissociable Mechanisms for Global Versus Selective Corticomotor Suppression Underlying the Stopping of Action.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-2199},
  keywords = {inhibition,motor-evoked potential,primary motor cortex,response,stop
	signal task,subthalamic nucleus},
  pmid = {21666129},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666129}
}

@ARTICLE{Manguno-MireConstansGeer05,
  author = {Manguno-Mire, GM and Constans, JI and Geer, JH},
  title = {{Anxiety-related differences in affective categorizations of lexical
	stimuli}},
  journal = {Behaviour research and therapy},
  year = {2005},
  file = {::},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000579670400049X http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000579670400049X}
}

@ARTICLE{MansfieldKarayanidisJamadarEtAl11,
  author = {Mansfield, Elise L and Karayanidis, Frini and Jamadar, Sharna and
	Heathcote, Andrew and Forstmann, Birte U},
  title = {{Adjustments of Response Threshold during Task Switching: A Model-Based
	Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {14688--92},
  number = {41},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Adjustment of response threshold for speed compared with accuracy
	instructions in two-choice decision-making tasks is associated with
	activation in the fronto-striatal network, including the pre-supplementary
	motor area (pre-SMA) and striatum (Forstmann et al., 2008). In contrast,
	increased response conservativeness is associated with activation
	of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Frank et al., 2007). We investigated
	the involvement of these regions in trial-by-trial adjustments of
	response threshold in humans, using a cued-trials task-switching
	paradigm. Fully and partially informative switch cues produced more
	conservative thresholds than repeat cues. Repeat cues were associated
	with higher activation in pre-SMA and striatum than switch cues.
	For all cue types, individual variability in response threshold was
	associated with activation level in pre-SMA, with higher activation
	linked to lower threshold setting. In the striatum, this relationship
	was found for repeat cues only. These findings support the notion
	that pre-SMA biases the striatum to lower response threshold under
	more liberal response regimens. In contrast, a high threshold for
	switch cues was associated with greater activation in right STN,
	consistent with increasing response caution under conservative response
	regimens. We conclude that neural models of response threshold adjustment
	can help explain executive control processes in task switching.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2390-11.2011},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {STN,response inhibition,speed-accuracy,switching},
  mendeley-tags = {STN,response inhibition,speed-accuracy,switching},
  pmid = {21994385},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2390-11.2011}
}

@ARTICLE{Marion,
  author = {Marion, Joel},
  title = {{5 Sneaky Tricks To TRIPLE Fat Loss Results}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Marion - Unknown - 5 Sneaky Tricks To TRIPLE Fat Loss Results.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Markon10,
  author = {Markon, KE},
  title = {{Modeling psychopathology structure: a symptom-level analysis of
	Axis I and II disorders}},
  journal = {Psychological medicine},
  year = {2010},
  url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=5830732}
}

@ARTICLE{MarsDebenerGladwinEtAl08,
  author = {Mars, Rogier B and Debener, Stefan and Gladwin, Thomas E and Harrison,
	Lee M and Haggard, Patrick and Rothwell, John C and Bestmann, Sven},
  title = {{Trial-by-trial fluctuations in the event-related electroencephalogram
	reflect dynamic changes in the degree of surprise.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {12539--45},
  number = {47},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {The P300 component of the human event-related brain potential has
	often been linked to the processing of rare, surprising events. However,
	the formal computational processes underlying the generation of the
	P300 are not well known. Here, we formulate a simple model of trial-by-trial
	learning of stimulus probabilities based on Information Theory. Specifically,
	we modeled the surprise associated with the occurrence of a visual
	stimulus to provide a formal quantification of the "subjective probability"
	associated with an event. Subjects performed a choice reaction time
	task, while we recorded their brain responses using electroencephalography
	(EEG). In each of 12 blocks, the probabilities of stimulus occurrence
	were changed, thereby creating sequences of trials with low, medium,
	and high predictability. Trial-by-trial variations in the P300 component
	were best explained by a model of stimulus-bound surprise. This model
	accounted for the data better than a categorical model that parametrically
	encoded the stimulus identity, or an alternative model of surprise
	based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. The present data demonstrate
	that trial-by-trial changes in P300 can be explained by predictions
	made by an ideal observer keeping track of the probabilities of possible
	events. This provides evidence for theories proposing a direct link
	between the P300 component and the processing of surprising events.
	Furthermore, this study demonstrates how model-based analyses can
	be used to explain significant proportions of the trial-by-trial
	changes in human event-related EEG responses.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2925-08.2008},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Analysis of Variance,Brain,Brain Mapping,Brain: physiology,Choice
	Behavior,Choice Behavior: physiology,Electroencephalography,Event-Related
	Potentials, P300,Event-Related Potentials, P300: physiology,Female,Humans,Information
	Theory,Male,Models, Neurological,Nonlinear Dynamics,Photic Stimulation,Photic
	Stimulation: methods,Probability Learning,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted,Visual
	Perception,Visual Perception: physiology,Young Adult},
  pmid = {19020046},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/28/47/12539}
}

@ARTICLE{MarsKleinNeubertEtAl09,
  author = {Mars, Rogier B and Klein, Miriam C and Neubert, Franz-Xaver and Olivier,
	Etienne and Buch, Ethan R and Boorman, Erie D and Rushworth, Matthew
	F S},
  title = {{Short-latency influence of medial frontal cortex on primary motor
	cortex during action selection under conflict.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {6926--31},
  number = {21},
  month = may,
  abstract = {Medial frontal cortex (MFC) is crucial when actions have to be inhibited,
	reprogrammed, or selected under conflict, but the precise mechanism
	by which it operates is unclear. Importantly, how and when the MFC
	influences the primary motor cortex (M1) during action selection
	is unknown. Using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation,
	we investigated functional connectivity between the presupplementary
	motor area (pre-SMA) part of MFC and M1. We found that functional
	connectivity increased in a manner dependent on cognitive context:
	pre-SMA facilitated the motor evoked-potential elicited by M1 stimulation
	only during action reprogramming, but not when otherwise identical
	actions were made in the absence of conflict. The effect was anatomically
	specific to pre-SMA; it was not seen when adjacent brain regions
	were stimulated. We discuss implications for the anatomical pathways
	mediating the observed effects.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1396-09.2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Mars et al. - 2009 - Short-latency influence of medial frontal cortex on primary motor cortex during action selection under conflict.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Attention,Attention: physiology,Brain Mapping,Color
	Perception,Color Perception: physiology,Conflict (Psychology),Electric
	Stimulation,Electromyography,Electromyography: methods,Evoked Potentials,Female,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality:
	physiology,Humans,Male,Motor,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: physiology,Motor:
	physiology,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: physiology,Pattern Recognition,Photic
	Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Reaction Time,Reaction Time:
	physiology,Time Factors,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,Transcranial
	Magnetic Stimulation: methods,Visual,Visual: physiology,Young Adult,response
	inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition},
  pmid = {19474319},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19474319}
}

@ARTICLE{MarsPiekemaColesEtAl07,
  author = {Mars, Rogier B and Piekema, Carinne and Coles, Michael G H and Hulstijn,
	Wouter and Toni, Ivan},
  title = {{On the programming and reprogramming of actions.}},
  journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {2972--9},
  number = {12},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Actions are often selected in the context of ongoing movement plans.
	Most studies of action selection have overlooked this fact, implicitly
	assuming that the motor system is passive prior to presentation of
	instructions triggering movement selection. Other studies addressed
	action planning in the context of an already present motor plan,
	but focused mostly on inhibition of a prepotent response under fierce
	time pressure. Under these circumstances, inhibition of previous
	motor plans and selection of a new response become temporally intermingled.
	Here, we explore how the presence of earlier motor plans influences
	cerebral effects associated with action selection, separating in
	time movement programming, reprogramming, and execution. We show
	that portions of parietofrontal circuits, including intraparietal
	sulcus and left dorsal premotor cortex, are systematically involved
	in programming motor responses, their activity being indifferent
	to the presence of earlier motor plans. We identify additional regions
	recruited when a motor response is programmed in the context of an
	existing motor program. We found that several right-hemisphere regions,
	previously associated with response inhibition, might be better characterized
	as involved in response selection. Finally, we detail the specific
	role of a right precentral region in movement reprogramming that
	is involved in inhibiting not only actual responses but also motor
	representations.},
  doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhm022},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Mars et al. - 2007 - On the programming and reprogramming of actions.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-2199},
  keywords = {Adaptation,Adult,Female,Humans,Intention,Male,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex:
	physiology,Motor Skills,Motor Skills: physiology,Physiological,Physiological:
	physiology,Task Performance and Analysis,Visual Perception,Visual
	Perception: physiology},
  pmid = {17389629},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17389629}
}

@ARTICLE{MathysDaunizeauFristonEtAl11,
  author = {Mathys, Christoph and Daunizeau, Jean and Friston, Karl J and Stephan,
	Klaas E},
  title = {{A bayesian foundation for individual learning under uncertainty.}},
  journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {39},
  number = {May},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Computational learning models are critical for understanding mechanisms
	of adaptive behavior. However, the two major current frameworks,
	reinforcement learning (RL) and Bayesian learning, both have certain
	limitations. For example, many Bayesian models are agnostic of inter-individual
	variability and involve complicated integrals, making online learning
	difficult. Here, we introduce a generic hierarchical Bayesian framework
	for individual learning under multiple forms of uncertainty (e.g.,
	environmental volatility and perceptual uncertainty). The model assumes
	Gaussian random walks of states at all but the first level, with
	the step size determined by the next highest level. The coupling
	between levels is controlled by parameters that shape the influence
	of uncertainty on learning in a subject-specific fashion. Using variational
	Bayes under a mean-field approximation and a novel approximation
	to the posterior energy function, we derive trial-by-trial update
	equations which (i) are analytical and extremely efficient, enabling
	real-time learning, (ii) have a natural interpretation in terms of
	RL, and (iii) contain parameters representing processes which play
	a key role in current theories of learning, e.g., precision-weighting
	of prediction error. These parameters allow for the expression of
	individual differences in learning and may relate to specific neuromodulatory
	mechanisms in the brain. Our model is very general: it can deal with
	both discrete and continuous states and equally accounts for deterministic
	and probabilistic relations between environmental events and perceptual
	states (i.e., situations with and without perceptual uncertainty).
	These properties are illustrated by simulations and analyses of empirical
	time series. Overall, our framework provides a novel foundation for
	understanding normal and pathological learning that contextualizes
	RL within a generic Bayesian scheme and thus connects it to principles
	of optimality from probability theory.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( A bayesian foundation for individual learning
	under uncertainty. - Mathys, Christoph; Daunizeau, Jean; Friston,
	Karl J; Stephan, Klaas E )




	 },
  doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2011.00039},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Mathys et al. - 2011 - A bayesian foundation for individual learning under uncertainty.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1662-5161},
  keywords = {acetylcholine,decision-,dopamine,hierarchical models,neuromodul,neuromodulation,serotonin,variational
	bayes},
  pmid = {21629826},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3096853\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{MatsumuraKojimaGardinerEtAl92,
  author = {Matsumura, M and Kojima, J and Gardiner, T W and Hikosaka, O},
  title = {{Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey subthalamic nucleus.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {1615--32},
  number = {6},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {1. Single-unit recordings were obtained from the subthalamic nuclei
	of three monkeys trained to perform a series of visuooculomotor tasks.
	The monkeys were trained to fixate on a spot of light on the screen
	(fixation task). When the spot was turned off and a target spot came
	on, they were required to fixate on the target quickly by making
	a saccade. Visually guided saccades were elicited when the target
	came on without a time gap (saccade task). Memory-guided saccades
	were elicited by delivering a brief cue stimulus while the monkey
	was fixating; after a delay, the fixation spot was turned off and
	the monkey made a saccade to the remembered target (delayed saccade
	task). 2. Of 265 neurons tested, 95 showed spike activity that was
	related to some aspects of the visuooculomotor tasks, whereas 66
	neurons responded to active or passive limb or body movements. The
	task-related activities were classified into the following categories:
	eye fixation-related, saccade-related, visual stimulus-related, target-
	and reward-related, and lever release-related. 3. Activity related
	to eye fixation (n = 22) consisted of a sustained spike discharge
	that occurred while the animal was fixating on a target light during
	the tasks. The activity increased after the animal started fixating
	on the target and abruptly ceased when the target went off. The activity
	was unrelated to eye position. It was not elicited during eye fixation
	outside the tasks. The activity decreased when the target spot was
	removed. 4. Activity related to saccades (n = 22) consisted of a
	phasic increase in spike frequency that was time locked with a saccade
	made during the tasks. The greatest increases occurred predominantly
	after saccade onset. This activity usually was unrelated to spontaneous
	saccades made outside the task. The changes in activity typically
	were optimal in one direction, generally toward the contralateral
	side. 5. Visual responses (n = 14) consisted of a phasic excitation
	in response to a visual probe stimulus or target. Response latencies
	usually were 70-120 ms. The receptive fields generally were centered
	in the contralateral hemifield, sometimes extending into the ipsilateral
	field. The receptive fields included the foveal region in seven neurons;
	most of these neurons responded best to parafoveal stimulation. Peripheral
	stimuli sometimes suppressed the activity of visually responsive
	neurons. 6. Activity related to target and reward (n = 29) consisted
	of sustained spike discharge that occurred only when the monkey could
	expect a reward by detecting the dimming of the light spot that he
	was fixating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Matsumura et al. - 1992 - Visual and oculomotor functions of monkey subthalamic nucleus.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0022-3077},
  keywords = {Animals,Fixation,Macaca,Male,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Ocular,Oculomotor
	Muscles,Oculomotor Muscles: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Saccades,Thalamic Nuclei,Thalamic Nuclei:
	cytology,Thalamic Nuclei: physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception:
	physiology},
  pmid = {1629767},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1629767}
}

@ARTICLE{MayminMaymin11,
  author = {Maymin, Philip Z PZ Philip Z PZ and Maymin, Zakhar G},
  title = {{Constructing the best trading strategy: a new general framework}},
  journal = {Arxiv preprint arXiv:1108.0837},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {7},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//Maymin, Maymin - 2011 - Constructing the best trading strategy a new general framework.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.0837}
}

@ARTICLE{McDannaldLucantonioBurkeEtAl11,
  author = {McDannald, M. a. and Lucantonio, F. and Burke, K. a. and Niv, Y.
	and Schoenbaum, G.},
  title = {{Ventral Striatum and Orbitofrontal Cortex Are Both Required for
	Model-Based, But Not Model-Free, Reinforcement Learning}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {2700--2705},
  number = {7},
  month = feb,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5499-10.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/McDannald et al. - 2011 - Ventral Striatum and Orbitofrontal Cortex Are Both Required for Model-Based, But Not Model-Free, Reinforcement Learning.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5499-10.2011}
}

@ARTICLE{McHugh05,
  author = {McHugh, Paul R},
  title = {{Striving for coherence: psychiatry's efforts over classification.}},
  journal = {JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {293},
  pages = {2526--8},
  number = {20},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.1001/jama.293.20.2526},
  issn = {1538-3598},
  keywords = {Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disord,Humans,Mental Disorders,Mental
	Disorders: classification,Psychiatry},
  pmid = {15914753},
  url = {http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=200927\#qundefined}
}

@ARTICLE{MeierVanB$backslash$$backslash$uhlmannEtAl08,
  author = {Meier, Lukas and {Van De Geer}, S. and B$\backslash$$\backslash$"uhlmann,
	P. and Geer, Sara Van De and B\"{u}hlmann, Peter},
  title = {{The group lasso for logistic regression}},
  journal = {Society},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {70},
  pages = {53--71},
  number = {Part 1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Meier et al. - 2008 - The group lasso for logistic regression.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {categorical data,co-ordinate descent algorithm,dna splice site,group
	variable,high dimensional generalized linear,model,penalized likelihood,selection},
  publisher = {Citeseer},
  url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.156.7200\&amp;rep=rep1\&amp;type=pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Menon11,
  author = {Menon, Vinod},
  title = {{Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple
	network model.}},
  journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {483--506},
  number = {10},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {The science of large-scale brain networks offers a powerful paradigm
	for investigating cognitive and affective dysfunction in psychiatric
	and neurological disorders. This review examines recent conceptual
	and methodological developments which are contributing to a paradigm
	shift in the study of psychopathology. I summarize methods for characterizing
	aberrant brain networks and demonstrate how network analysis provides
	novel insights into dysfunctional brain architecture. Deficits in
	access, engagement and disengagement of large-scale neurocognitive
	networks are shown to play a prominent role in several disorders
	including schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, dementia and autism.
	Synthesizing recent research, I propose a triple network model of
	aberrant saliency mapping and cognitive dysfunction in psychopathology,
	emphasizing the surprising parallels that are beginning to emerge
	across psychiatric and neurological disorders.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Menon - 2011 - Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology a unifying triple network model.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1879-307X},
  pmid = {21908230},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21908230}
}

@ARTICLE{MenziesAchardChamberlain07,
  author = {Menzies, L and Achard, S and Chamberlain, SR},
  title = {{Neurocognitive endophenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder}},
  journal = {Brain},
  year = {2007},
  url = {http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/130/12/3223.short}
}

@ARTICLE{Meyer-LindenbergWeinberger06,
  author = {Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Weinberger, Daniel R},
  title = {{Intermediate phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders.}},
  journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {818--27},
  number = {10},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Genes are major contributors to many psychiatric diseases, but their
	mechanisms of action have long seemed elusive. The intermediate phenotype
	concept represents a strategy for characterizing the neural systems
	affected by risk gene variants to elucidate quantitative, mechanistic
	aspects of brain function implicated in psychiatric disease. Using
	imaging genetics as an example, we illustrate recent advances, challenges
	and implications of linking genes to structural and functional variation
	in brain systems related to cognition and emotion.},
  doi = {10.1038/nrn1993},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Meyer-Lindenberg, Weinberger - 2006 - Intermediate phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1471-003X},
  keywords = {Animals,Diagnostic Imaging,Diagnostic Imaging: methods,Genetic Predisposition
	to Disease,Genetic Variation,Genotype,Humans,Mental Disorders,Mental
	Disorders: genetics,Mental Disorders: pathology,Mental Disorders:
	physiopathology,Models, Genetic,Phenotype},
  pmid = {16988657},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16988657}
}

@ARTICLE{MicheletDuncanCisek10,
  author = {Michelet, Thomas and Duncan, Gary H and Cisek, Paul},
  title = {{Response competition in the primary motor cortex: corticospinal
	excitability reflects response replacement during simple decisions.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {104},
  pages = {119--27},
  number = {1},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {It has been suggested that, during decisions about actions, multiple
	options are initially specified in parallel and then gradually eliminated
	in a competition for overt execution. To further test this hypothesis,
	we studied the modulation of human corticospinal excitability during
	the reaction time of the Eriksen flanker task. In the task, subjects
	responded with finger flexion or extension to a central arrow while
	ignoring congruent or incongruent flanker arrows. Single-pulse transcranial
	magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over primary motor cortex
	(M1) at one of five different latencies after stimulus onset, and
	motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured in the contralateral
	index finger. During the control (no flankers) and congruent conditions,
	MEP size in the agonist increased gradually over the course of reaction
	time, indicating an increase in corticospinal excitability. Conversely,
	when the same muscle acted as an antagonist, MEP size decreased,
	suggesting inhibition. Critically, in the incongruent condition,
	MEPs briefly increased in the muscle corresponding to an initial
	default response to the flanker arrows and were later replaced by
	MEPs corresponding to the correct response to the central arrow.
	Finally, we found that the gradually growing MEPs for the three conditions
	reached a constant maximum level just before movement initiation.
	We propose that this dynamic modulation in corticospinal excitability
	reflects the competition process, leading to the selection of one
	response and the rejection of the other. Our results suggest that
	response competition influences activity in primary motor cortex
	and that its timing directly influences motor output latency.},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00819.2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Michelet, Duncan, Cisek - 2010 - Response competition in the primary motor cortex corticospinal excitability reflects response replacement during simple decisions.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1522-1598},
  keywords = {Adult,Cues,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Electroencephalography,Electromyography,Evoked
	Potentials, Motor,Evoked Potentials, Motor: physiology,Female,Humans,Male,Motor
	Cortex,Motor Cortex: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Pyramidal
	Tracts,Pyramidal Tracts: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time:
	physiology,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,Young Adult},
  pmid = {20445034},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20445034}
}

@ARTICLE{Mikelsen12,
  author = {Mikelsen, Stian},
  title = {{A Novel Algorithmic Trading Framework Applying Evolution and Machine
	Learning for Portfolio Optimization}},
  year = {2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Mikelsen - 2012 - A Novel Algorithmic Trading Framework Applying Evolution and Machine Learning for Portfolio Optimization.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{MiladRauch11,
  author = {Milad, Mohammed R and Rauch, Scott L},
  title = {{Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal
	pathways.}},
  journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {43--51},
  number = {1},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects approximately 2-3\% of
	the population and is characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts
	(obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions),
	typically performed in response to obsessions or related anxiety.
	In the past few decades, the prevailing models of OCD pathophysiology
	have focused on cortico-striatal circuitry. More recent neuroimaging
	evidence, however, points to critical involvement of the lateral
	and medial orbitofrontal cortices, the dorsal anterior cingulate
	cortex and amygdalo-cortical circuitry, in addition to cortico-striatal
	circuitry, in the pathophysiology of the disorder. In this review,
	we elaborate proposed features of OCD pathophysiology beyond the
	classic parallel cortico-striatal pathways and argue that this evidence
	suggests that fear extinction, in addition to behavioral inhibition,
	is impaired in OCD.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.003},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Milad, Rauch - 2011 - Obsessive-compulsive disorder beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1879-307X},
  pmid = {22138231},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138231}
}

@ARTICLE{MillerGriffiths09,
  author = {Miller, KT and Griffiths, TL},
  title = {{Nonparametric latent feature models for link prediction}},
  journal = {Advances in Neural Information},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1--9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Miller, Griffiths - 2009 - Nonparametric latent feature models for link prediction.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.154.1317\&amp;rep=rep1\&amp;type=pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{MilosavljevicMalmaudHuthEtAl11,
  author = {Milosavljevic, Milica and Malmaud, Jonathan and Huth, Alexander and
	Koch, C},
  title = {{The Drift Diffusion Model can account for the accuracy and reaction
	time of value-based choices under high and low time pressure}},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {437--449},
  number = {6},
  file = {::},
  keywords = {drift-diffusion model,response time,value-based choice},
  url = {http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract\_id=1901533}
}

@ARTICLE{Mimno09,
  author = {Mimno, David},
  title = {{Bayesian Checking for Topic Models}},
  year = {2009}
}

@ARTICLE{MimnoBlei11,
  author = {Mimno, David and Blei, D},
  title = {{Bayesian checking for topic models}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods \ldots},
  year = {2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Mimno, Blei - 2011 - Bayesian checking for topic models.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2145459}
}

@ARTICLE{MimnoHoffmanBlei10,
  author = {Mimno, David and Hoffman, Matthew D and Blei, David M},
  title = {{Sparse stochastic inference for latent Dirichlet allocation}},
  year = {2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Mimno, Hoffman, Blei - 2010 - Sparse stochastic inference for latent Dirichlet allocation.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Minka99,
  author = {Minka, Thomas P},
  title = {{Expectation Propagation for Approximate Bayesian Inference F d}},
  journal = {Statistics},
  year = {1999},
  file = {::}
}

@ARTICLE{MinzenbergWatrousYoonEtAl08,
  author = {Minzenberg, Michael J and Watrous, Andrew J and Yoon, Jong H and
	Ursu, Stefan and Carter, Cameron S},
  title = {{Modafinil shifts human locus coeruleus to low-tonic, high-phasic
	activity during functional MRI.}},
  journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {322},
  pages = {1700--2},
  number = {5908},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Models of cognitive control posit a key modulatory role for the pontine
	locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. In nonhuman primates,
	phasic LC-NE activity confers adaptive adjustments in cortical gain
	in task-relevant brain networks, and in performance, on a trial-by-trial
	basis. This model has remained untested in humans. We used the pharmacological
	agent modafinil to promote low-tonic/high-phasic LC-NE activity in
	healthy humans performing a cognitive control task during event-related
	functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Modafanil administration
	was associated with decreased task-independent, tonic LC activity,
	increased task-related LC and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity, and
	enhanced LC-PFC functional connectivity. These results confirm in
	humans the role of the LC-NE system in PFC function and cognitive
	control and suggest a mechanism for therapeutic action of procognitive
	noradrenergic agents.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1164908},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Minzenberg et al. - 2008 - Modafinil shifts human locus coeruleus to low-tonic, high-phasic activity during functional MRI.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  keywords = {Adult,Benzhydryl Compounds,Benzhydryl Compounds: administration \&
	dosage,Benzhydryl Compounds: pharmacology,Brain Mapping,Central Nervous
	System Stimulants,Central Nervous System Stimulants: pharmacology,Cognition,Cognition:
	drug effects,Female,Humans,LC,Locus Coeruleus,Locus Coeruleus: drug
	effects,Locus Coeruleus: physiology,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,NE,Neurons,Neurons:
	drug effects,Neurons: physiology,Norepinephrine,Norepinephrine Plasma
	Membrane Transport Proteins,Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport
	Proteins:,Norepinephrine: metabolism,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal
	Cortex: physiology,Task Performance and Analysis,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {LC,NE,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {19074351},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074351}
}

@ARTICLE{MolenBoschSpeelmanEtAl06,
  author = {Molen, Maurits W Van Der and Bosch, D Andries and Speelman, Johannes
	D and Brunia, Cornelis H M},
  title = {{Stimulation of the Subthalamic Region Facilitates the Selection
	and Inhibition of Motor Responses in Parkinson ’ s Disease}},
  journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  pages = {626--636}
}

@ARTICLE{Molina,
  author = {Molina, Gabriel},
  title = {{Stock Trading with Recurrent Reinforcement Learning ( RRL )}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Molina - Unknown - Stock Trading with Recurrent Reinforcement Learning ( RRL ).pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{MontagueDolanFristonEtAl11,
  author = {Montague, PR Read and Dolan, RJ Raymond J. and Friston, Karl J. KJ
	Karl J. and Dayan, Peter},
  title = {{Computational psychiatry}},
  journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {1--9},
  number = {1},
  month = dec,
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.018},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Montague et al. - 2011 - Computational psychiatry.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Montague et al. - 2011 - Computational psychiatry(2).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Montague et al. - 2011 - Computational psychiatry.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {13646613},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364661311002518 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661311002518}
}

@ARTICLE{MonterossoAronCordovaEtAl05,
  author = {Monterosso, John R and Aron, Adam R and Cordova, Xochitl and Xu,
	Jiansong and London, Edythe D},
  title = {{Deficits in response inhibition associated with chronic methamphetamine
	abuse.}},
  journal = {Drug and alcohol dependence},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {79},
  pages = {273--7},
  number = {2},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Chronic methamphetamine (MA) abuse is associated with cerebral deficits,
	involving frontal/basal-ganglia regions that are important for inhibitory
	control. We used the Stop-Signal Task to measure response inhibition
	in 11 MA abusers (5-7 days abstinent) and two groups of control subjects
	who did not use MA (14 tobacco smokers and 29 non-smokers). Stop-signal
	reaction time (SSRT), which indicates the latency to inhibit an initiated
	motor response, was significantly longer for MA abusers than for
	either control group (p's<.01). In contrast, the MA abusers did not
	differ from either group on Go trial reaction time (RT) or number
	of discrimination errors, which reflect motor speed and decision-processes,
	respectively. MA abuse in this study was therefore associated with
	a specific deficit in inhibiting a pre-potent response. Future research
	could examine whether SSRT is different for MA abusers who respond
	to treatment compared to those who do not. If such differences are
	established then response inhibition may serve as a marker for investigating
	MA abuse in basic science and clinical trials.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.02.002},
  issn = {0376-8716},
  keywords = {Adult,Central Nervous System Stimulants,Central Nervous System Stimulants:
	adverse effects,Cluster Analysis,Female,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Male,Methamphetamine,Methamphetamine:
	adverse effects,Methamphetamine: urine,Motor Activity,Motor Activity:
	drug effects,Motor Activity: physiology,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal
	Cortex: drug effects,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: drug effects,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: drug effects,Reaction Time: radiation effects,Substance-Related
	Disorders,Substance-Related Disorders: urine},
  pmid = {15967595},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15967595}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{MoodySaffell,
  author = {Moody, John and Saffell, Matthew},
  title = {{Learning to Trade via Direct Reinforcement}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Moody, Saffell - Unknown - Learning to Trade via Direct Reinforcement.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{MoodySaffella,
  author = {Moody, John and Saffell, Matthew},
  title = {{Reinforcement learning for trading systems and portfolios: Immediate
	vs future rewards}},
  pages = {279--283},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Moody, Saffell - Unknown - Reinforcement learning for trading systems and portfolios Immediate vs future rewards.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{MoodyWuLiaoEtAl98,
  author = {Moody, John and Wu, Lizhong and Liao, Yuansong and Saffell, Matthew},
  title = {{Performance functions and reinforcement learning for trading systems
	and portfolios}},
  journal = {Journal of Forecasting},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {441--470},
  number = {February 1997},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Performance functions and reinforcement learning
	for trading systems and portfolios - Moody, John; Wu, Lizhong; Liao,
	Yuansong; Saffell, Matthew )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Performance functions and reinforcement learning
	for trading systems and portfolios - Moody, John; Wu, Lizhong; Liao,
	Yuansong; Saffell, Matthew )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Performance functions and reinforcement learning
	for trading systems and portfolios - Moody, John; Wu, Lizhong; Liao,
	Yuansong )

	 Used only one parameter set for simulation tests (overfitting?)

	 Which model are they optimizing? The same that generated the data?
	Can they recover params?

	 Computational benefit behind using diff Sharpe?

	 Benefit in terms of wealth performance seems pretty minor when compared
	to maximizing profit directly




	 From Duplicate 2 ( Performance functions and reinforcement learning
	for trading systems and portfolios - Moody, John; Wu, Lizhong; Liao,
	Yuansong )

	 Used only one parameter set for simulation tests (overfitting?)

	 Which model are they optimizing? The same that generated the data?
	Can they recover params?

	 Computational benefit behind using diff Sharpe?

	 Benefit in terms of wealth performance seems pretty minor when compared
	to maximizing profit directly




	 From Duplicate 2 ( Performance functions and reinforcement learning
	for trading systems and portfolios - Moody, John; Wu, Lizhong; Liao,
	Yuansong )

	 Used only one parameter set for simulation tests (overfitting?)

	 Which model are they optimizing? The same that generated the data?
	Can they recover params?

	 Computational benefit behind using diff Sharpe?

	 Benefit in terms of wealth performance seems pretty minor when compared
	to maximizing profit directly


	 },
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Moody et al. - 1998 - Performance functions and reinforcement learning for trading systems and portfolios.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://www.getacoder.com/data/projects/123290/JForecastMoodyWu.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{MoormanRiedyCopeEtAl,
  author = {Moorman, David E and Riedy, Matthew D and Cope, Zackary A and Smith,
	Thressa D and Harden, Stephen M and Aston-jones, Gary and Carolina,
	South},
  title = {{Response inhibition , locus coeruleus and frontal cortex}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  pages = {62196--62196},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Moorman et al. - Unknown - Response inhibition , locus coeruleus and frontal cortex.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Morein-ZamirKingstone06,
  author = {Morein-Zamir, Sharon and Kingstone, Alan},
  title = {{Fixation offset and stop signal intensity effects on saccadic countermanding:
	a crossmodal investigation.}},
  journal = {Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Exp\'{e}rimentation
	c\'{e}r\'{e}brale},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {175},
  pages = {453--62},
  number = {3},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Two experiments utilized the stop signal paradigm to examine whether
	fixation offset and stop signal intensity influenced saccadic inhibition.
	There was a robust fixation offset effect on saccadic latencies.
	However, contrary to expectations, fixation offset did not influence
	saccadic inhibition latencies. Importantly, saccadic inhibition latencies
	were found to be influenced by stop signal salience, with a more
	intense signal leading to faster stopping. This pattern of results
	was observed whether the stop signal was presented in the visual
	or auditory modality. The results provide new insights into the mechanisms
	of inhibition and help resolve previous inconsistencies in the literature.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00221-006-0564-x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Morein-Zamir, Kingstone - 2006 - Fixation offset and stop signal intensity effects on saccadic countermanding a crossmodal investigation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0014-4819},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Adolescent,Adult,Female,Fixation,Humans,Male,Neural
	Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Ocular,Ocular: physiology,Photic
	Stimulation,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology},
  pmid = {16783558},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16783558}
}

@ARTICLE{MoustafaShermanFrank08,
  author = {Moustafa, Ahmed a and Sherman, Scott J and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{A dopaminergic basis for working memory, learning and attentional
	shifting in Parkinsonism.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychologia},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {3144--56},
  number = {13},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit cognitive deficits, including
	reinforcement learning, working memory (WM) and set shifting. Computational
	models of the basal ganglia-frontal system posit similar mechanisms
	for these deficits in terms of reduced dynamic range of striatal
	dopamine (DA) signals in both medicated and non-medicated states.
	Here, we report results from the first study that tests PD patients
	on and off dopaminergic medications in a modified version of the
	AX continuous performance (AX-CPT) working memory task, consisting
	of three performance phases and one phase requiring WM associations
	to be learned via reinforcement feedback. Patients generally showed
	impairments relative to controls. Medicated patients showed deficits
	specifically when having to ignore distracting stimuli during the
	delay. Our models suggest that this impairment is due to medication
	causing excessive WM updating by enhancing striatal "Go" signals
	that facilitate such updating, while concurrently suppressing "NoGo"
	signals. In contrast, patients off medication showed deficits consistent
	with an overall reduction in striatal DA and associated Go updating
	signals. Supporting this dichotomy, patients on and off medication
	both showed attentional shifting deficits, but for different reasons.
	Deficits in non-medicated patients were consistent with an inability
	to update the new attentional set, whereas those in medicated patients
	were evident when having to ignore distractors that had previously
	been task relevant. Finally, in the feedback-based WM phase, medicated
	patients were better than unmedicated patients, suggesting a key
	role of striatal DA in using feedback to update information into
	WM. These results lend further insight into the role of basal ganglia
	dopamine in WM and broadly support predictions from neurocomputational
	models.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Moustafa, Sherman, Frank - 2008 - A dopaminergic basis for working memory, learning and attentional shifting in Parkinsonism.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0028-3932},
  keywords = {Aged,Attention,Attention: drug effects,Attention: physiology,Dopamine,Dopamine
	Agonists,Dopamine Agonists: administration \& dosage,Dopamine Agonists:
	pharmacology,Dopamine: metabolism,Feedback,Feedback: drug effects,Female,Humans,Learning,Learning:
	drug effects,Learning: physiology,Male,Memory, Short-Term,Memory,
	Short-Term: physiology,Models, Biological,Neuropsychological Tests,Parkinson
	Disease,Parkinson Disease: drug therapy,Parkinson Disease: physiopathology,Task
	Performance and Analysis},
  pmid = {18687347},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687347}
}

@ARTICLE{MoutoussisBentallWilliamsEtAl08,
  author = {Moutoussis, Michael and Bentall, Richard P and Williams, Jonathan
	and Dayan, Peter},
  title = {{A temporal difference account of avoidance learning.}},
  journal = {Network (Bristol, England)},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {137--60},
  number = {2},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Aversive processing plays a central role in human phobic fears and
	may also be important in some symptoms of psychosis. We developed
	a temporal-difference model of the conditioned avoidance response,
	an important experimental model for aversive learning which is also
	a central pharmacological model of psychosis. In the model, dopamine
	neurons reported outcomes that were better than the learner expected,
	typically coming from reaching safety states, and thus controlled
	the acquisition of a suitable policy. The model accounts for normal
	conditioned avoidance learning, the persistence of responding in
	extinction, and critical effects of dopamine blockade, notably that
	subjects experiencing shocks under dopamine blockade, and hence failing
	to avoid them, nevertheless develop avoidance responses when both
	shocks and dopamine blockade are subsequently removed. These postulated
	roles of dopamine in aversive learning can thus account for many
	of the effects of dopaminergic modulation seen in laboratory models
	of psychopathological processes.},
  doi = {10.1080/09548980802192784},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Moutoussis et al. - 2008 - A temporal difference account of avoidance learning.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1361-6536},
  keywords = {Avoidance Learning,Avoidance Learning: physiology,Brain,Brain: physiology,Humans,Models,Neurological},
  pmid = {18569725},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18569725}
}

@ARTICLE{MulderBosWeustenEtAl10,
  author = {Mulder, Martijn J and Bos, Dienke and Weusten, Juliette M H and van
	Belle, Janna and van Dijk, Sarai C and Simen, Patrick and van Engeland,
	Herman and Durston, Sarah},
  title = {{Basic impairments in regulating the speed-accuracy tradeoff predict
	symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.}},
  journal = {Biological psychiatry},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {1114--9},
  number = {12},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by
	poor optimization of behavior in the face of changing demands. Theoretical
	accounts of ADHD have often focused on higher-order cognitive processes
	and typically assume that basic processes are unaffected. It is an
	open question whether this is indeed the case.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.031},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Mulder et al. - 2010 - Basic impairments in regulating the speed-accuracy tradeoff predict symptoms of attention-deficithyperactivity disorder.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-2402},
  keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity,Attention Deficit Disorder
	with Hyperactivity: dia,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity:
	psy,Child,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Female,Humans,Male,Models,
	Psychological,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology},
  pmid = {20926067},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20926067}
}

@ARTICLE{MunakataHerdChathamEtAl11,
  author = {Munakata, Yuko and Herd, Seth A. and Chatham, Christopher H. and
	Depue, Brendan E. and Banich, Marie T. and O’Reilly, Randall C.},
  title = {{A unified framework for inhibitory control}},
  journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {453--459},
  number = {10},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.07.011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Munakata et al. - 2011 - A unified framework for inhibitory control.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {13646613},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(11)00156-2 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364661311001562}
}

@ARTICLE{Munos13,
  author = {Munos, Bernard H},
  title = {{Pharmaceutical innovation gets a little help from new friends.}},
  journal = {Science translational medicine},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {168ed1},
  number = {168},
  month = jan,
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( Pharmaceutical innovation gets a little help
	from new friends. - Munos, Bernard H )




	 },
  doi = {10.1126/scitranslmed.3005281},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Munos - 2013 - Pharmaceutical innovation gets a little help from new friends.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1946-6242},
  pmid = {23325797},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23325797}
}

@ARTICLE{MunozEverling04,
  author = {Munoz, Douglas P and Everling, Stefan},
  title = {{Look away: the anti-saccade task and the voluntary control of eye
	movement.}},
  journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {218--28},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {The anti-saccade task has emerged as an important task for investigating
	the flexible control that we have over behaviour. In this task, participants
	must suppress the reflexive urge to look at a visual target that
	appears suddenly in the peripheral visual field and must instead
	look away from the target in the opposite direction. A crucial step
	involved in performing this task is the top-down inhibition of a
	reflexive, automatic saccade. Here, we describe recent neurophysiological
	evidence demonstrating the presence of this inhibitory function in
	single-cell activity in the frontal eye fields and superior colliculus.
	Patients diagnosed with various neurological and/or psychiatric disorders
	that affect the frontal lobes or basal ganglia find it difficult
	to suppress the automatic pro-saccade, revealing a deficit in top-down
	inhibition.},
  issn = {1471-003X},
  keywords = {Animals,Attention,Evoked Potentials,Eye Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,Fixation,
	Ocular,Fixation, Ocular: physiology,Humans,Neurons,Neurons: metabolism,Reaction
	Time,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Superior Colliculi,Superior Colliculi:
	cytology,Superior Colliculi: physiology,Visual Fields},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  shorttitle = {Nat Rev Neurosci},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1345}
}

@ARTICLE{MutschlerWieckhorstSpeckEtAl10,
  author = {Mutschler, Isabella and Wieckhorst, Birgit and Speck, Oliver and
	Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas and Hennig, J\"{u}rgen and Seifritz, Erich
	and Ball, Tonio},
  title = {{Time scales of auditory habituation in the amygdala and cerebral
	cortex.}},
  journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {2531--9},
  number = {11},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Habituation is a fundamental form of learning manifested by a decrement
	of neuronal responses to repeated sensory stimulation. In addition,
	habituation is also known to occur on the behavioral level, manifested
	by reduced emotional reactions to repeatedly presented affective
	stimuli. It is, however, not clear which brain areas show a decline
	in activity during repeated sensory stimulation on the same time
	scale as reduced valence and arousal experience and whether these
	areas can be delineated from other brain areas with habituation effects
	on faster or slower time scales. These questions were addressed using
	functional magnetic resonance imaging acquired during repeated stimulation
	with piano melodies. The magnitude of functional responses in the
	laterobasal amygdala and in related cortical areas and that of valence
	and arousal ratings, given after each music presentation, declined
	in parallel over the experiment. In contrast to this long-term habituation
	(43 min), short-term decreases occurring within seconds were found
	in the primary auditory cortex. Sustained responses that remained
	throughout the whole investigated time period were detected in the
	ventrolateral prefrontal cortex extending to the dorsal part of the
	anterior insular cortex. These findings identify an amygdalocortical
	network that forms the potential basis of affective habituation in
	humans.},
  doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhq001},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Mutschler et al. - 2010 - Time scales of auditory habituation in the amygdala and cerebral cortex.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-2199},
  keywords = {amygdala,auditory perception,fmri,habituation,induced emotion,music-,subregions},
  pmid = {20118185},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20118185}
}

@ARTICLE{Nagano-SaitoCisekPernaEtAl12,
  author = {Nagano-Saito, a. and Cisek, P. and Perna, a. S. and Shirdel, F. Z.
	and Benkelfat, C. and Leyton, M. and Dagher, a.},
  title = {{From Anticipation to Action, the Role of Dopamine in Perceptual
	Decision-Making: an fMRI - Tyrosine Depletion Study}},
  journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
  year = {2012},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00592.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Nagano-Saito et al. - 2012 - From Anticipation to Action, the Role of Dopamine in Perceptual Decision-Making an fMRI - Tyrosine Depletion Study.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0022-3077},
  url = {http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/doi/10.1152/jn.00592.2011}
}

@ARTICLE{NakaharaNakamuraHikosaka06,
  author = {Nakahara, Hiroyuki and Nakamura, Kae and Hikosaka, Okihide},
  title = {{Extended LATER model can account for trial-by-trial variability
	of both pre- and post-processes.}},
  journal = {Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural
	Network Society},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {1027--46},
  number = {8},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {We present a new decision-making model that can account for trial-by-trial
	variability induced by a process ("pre-process") that occurs before
	an explicit sensory signal specifying a later motor response. A process
	after explicit sensory signals, referred to herein as the "post-process",
	has been investigated by a variety of so-called rise-to-threshold
	models including the LATER model. The LATER model formulates post-process
	variability but treats the pre-process as fixed within a block of
	an experiment. We propose an extension of the LATER model, which
	we call the extended LATER (ELATER) model, to account for trial-by-trial
	variability of both pre- and post-processes together. We present
	the mathematical formulation of the ELATER model and analyze its
	characteristics, including numerical examples and an example of saccade
	latency data in reward-manipulated conditions with caudate activity.
	The ELATER model is useful for investigating decision making by taking
	account of trial-by-trial variability of both pre- and post-processes.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2006.07.001},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Nakahara, Nakamura, Hikosaka - 2006 - Extended LATER model can account for trial-by-trial variability of both pre- and post-processes.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0893-6080},
  keywords = {Animals,Decision Making,Discrimination (Psychology),Discrimination
	(Psychology): physiology,Humans,Models, Psychological,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Probability,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Reproducibility
	of Results,Reward,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Sensory Thresholds,Sensory
	Thresholds: physiology},
  pmid = {16971090},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971090}
}

@ARTICLE{NakamuraRoeschOlsonEtAl05,
  author = {Nakamura, Kae and Roesch, Matthew R and Olson, Carl R and Neuronal,
	Carl R Olson},
  title = {{Neuronal Activity in Macaque SEF and ACC During Performance of Tasks
	Involving Conflict}},
  year = {2005},
  pages = {884--908},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00305.2004.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Nakamura et al. - 2005 - Neuronal Activity in Macaque SEF and ACC During Performance of Tasks Involving Conflict.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{NavarroGriffithsSteyversEtAl06,
  author = {Navarro, D.J. and Griffiths, T.L. and Steyvers, M. and Lee, M.D.},
  title = {{Modeling individual differences using Dirichlet processes}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {101--122},
  number = {2},
  month = apr,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2005.11.006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Navarro et al. - 2006 - Modeling individual differences using Dirichlet processes.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {00222496},
  keywords = {bayesian,bayesian nonparametrics,dirichlet processes},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022249605000969}
}

@ARTICLE{NavarroFuss09,
  author = {Navarro, D.J. Daniel J. and Fuss, I.G. Ian G.},
  title = {{Fast and accurate calculations for first-passage times in Wiener
	diffusion models}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {222--230},
  number = {4},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2009.02.003},
  file = {::},
  issn = {00222496},
  keywords = {DDM},
  mendeley-tags = {DDM},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022249609000200}
}

@ARTICLE{NeggersDiepenZandbeltEtAl12,
  author = {Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W. and van Diepen, Rosanne M. and Zandbelt,
	Bram B. and Vink, Matthijs and Mandl, Ren\'{e} C. W. and Gutteling,
	Tjerk P.},
  title = {{A Functional and Structural Investigation of the Human Fronto-Basal
	Volitional Saccade Network}},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {e29517},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0029517},
  editor = {Sugihara, Izumi},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Neggers et al. - 2012 - A Functional and Structural Investigation of the Human Fronto-Basal Volitional Saccade Network.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029517}
}

@ARTICLE{NeubertMarsBuchEtAl10,
  author = {Neubert, Franz-Xaver F.-X. and Mars, Rogier B. and Buch, Ethan R.
	and Olivier, Etienne and Rushworth, Matthew F. S.},
  title = {{Cortical and subcortical interactions during action reprogramming
	and their related white matter pathways.}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
	of America},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {107},
  pages = {13240--5},
  number = {30},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and the presupplementary motor
	area (pre-SMA) have been identified with cognitive control-the top-down
	influence on other brain areas when nonroutine behavior is required.
	It has been argued that they "inhibit" habitual motor responses when
	environmental changes mean a different response should be made. However,
	whether such "inhibition" can be equated with inhibitory physiological
	interactions has been unclear, as has the areas' relationship with
	each other and the anatomical routes by which they influence movement
	execution. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS)
	was applied over rIFG and primary motor cortex (M1) or over pre-SMA
	and M1 to measure their interactions, at a subsecond scale, during
	either inhibition and reprogramming of actions or during routine
	action selection. Distinct patterns of functional interaction between
	pre-SMA and M1 and between rIFG and M1 were found that were specific
	to action reprogramming trials; at a physiological level, direct
	influences of pre-SMA and rIFG on M1 were predominantly facilitatory
	and inhibitory, respectively. In a subsequent experiment, it was
	shown that the rIFG's inhibitory influence was dependent on pre-SMA.
	A third experiment showed that pre-SMA and rIFG influenced M1 at
	two time scales. By regressing white matter fractional anisotropy
	from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images against TMS-measured
	functional connectivity, it was shown that short-latency (6 ms) and
	longer latency (12 ms) influences were mediated by cortico-cortical
	and subcortical pathways, respectively, with the latter passing close
	to the subthalamic nucleus.},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1000674107},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Neubert et al. - 2010 - Cortical and subcortical interactions during action reprogramming and their related white matter pathways(2).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Neubert et al. - 2010 - Cortical and subcortical interactions during action reprogramming and their related white matter pathways.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  keywords = {Brain Mapping,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Cerebral
	Cortex: physiology,Evoked Potentials,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal
	Lobe: anatomy \& histology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Male,Motor,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: anatomy \&
	histology,Motor Cortex: physiology,Motor: physiology,Neural Pathways,Neural
	Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Neural Pathways: physiology,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,Transcranial Magnetic
	Stimulation: methods,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition},
  pmid = {20622155},
  publisher = {National Acad Sciences},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2922153\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1000674107}
}

@ARTICLE{NieuwenhuisAston-JonesCohen05,
  author = {Nieuwenhuis, Sander and Aston-Jones, Gary and Cohen, Jonathan D},
  title = {{Decision making, the P3, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine
	system.}},
  journal = {Psychological bulletin},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {131},
  pages = {510--32},
  number = {4},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Psychologists and neuroscientists have had a long-standing interest
	in the P3, a prominent component of the event-related brain potential.
	This review aims to integrate knowledge regarding the neural basis
	of the P3 and to elucidate its functional role in information processing.
	The authors review evidence suggesting that the P3 reflects phasic
	activity of the neuromodulatory locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE)
	system. They discuss the P3 literature in the light of empirical
	findings and a recent theory regarding the information-processing
	function of the LC-NE phasic response. The theoretical framework
	emerging from this research synthesis suggests that the P3 reflects
	the response of the LC-NE system to the outcome of internal decision-making
	processes and the consequent effects of noradrenergic potentiation
	of information processing.},
  doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.131.4.510},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Nieuwenhuis, Aston-Jones, Cohen - 2005 - Decision making, the P3, and the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0033-2909},
  keywords = {Decision Making,Event-Related Potentials,Humans,Locus Coeruleus,Locus
	Coeruleus: metabolism,Norepinephrine,Norepinephrine: metabolism,P300,P300:
	physiology,Reaction Time},
  pmid = {16060800},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16060800}
}

@ARTICLE{NieuwenhuisBroerseNielenEtAl04,
  author = {Nieuwenhuis, Sander and Broerse, Annelies and Nielen, Marjan M a
	and de Jong, Ritske},
  title = {{A goal activation approach to the study of executive function: an
	application to antisaccade tasks.}},
  journal = {Brain and cognition},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {198--214},
  number = {2},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {We argue that a general control process, responsible for the activation
	and maintenance of task goals, is central to the concept of executive
	function. Failures of this process can become manifest as goal neglect:
	disregard of a task requirement even though it has been understood
	(Duncan, 1995). We discuss the results of several published and new
	experiments using various versions of the antisaccade task in order
	to investigate the circumstances under which goal neglect is likely
	to occur. Potentially conflicting results in the literature on adaptive
	control of saccadic eye movements are argued to be attributable to
	the extent to which different task versions elicit goal neglect.
	The results suggest an increased susceptibility to goal neglect of
	high-functioning older adults (Experiment 1) and of first-episode
	schizophrenia patients (Experiment 2), but not of patients with obsessive-compulsive
	disorder (Experiment 3). However, the degree to which such differences
	in susceptibility become manifest in task performance, is shown to
	be strongly influenced by manipulations of the relative saliency
	of task requirements. Theoretical and methodological implications
	for the study of executive function are discussed.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2003.12.002},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Nieuwenhuis et al. - 2004 - A goal activation approach to the study of executive function an application to antisaccade tasks.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0278-2626},
  keywords = {80 and over,Adult,Aged,Aging,Aging: physiology,Cognition,Cognition:
	physiology,Female,Field Dependence-Independence,Fixation,Goals,Humans,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Intention,Male,Memory,Middle Aged,Obsessive-Compulsive
	Disorder,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: complications,Obsessive-Compulsive
	Disorder: physiopathology,Ocular,Ocular: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Reference Values,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia:
	complications,Schizophrenia: physiopathology,Short-Term,Short-Term:
	physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology},
  pmid = {15518936},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15518936}
}

@ARTICLE{NiggWongMartelEtAl06,
  author = {Nigg, Joel T and Wong, Maria M and Martel, Michelle M and Jester,
	Jennifer M and Puttler, Leon I and Glass, Jennifer M and Adams, Kenneth
	M and Fitzgerald, Hiram E and Zucker, Robert A},
  title = {{Poor response inhibition as a predictor of problem drinking and
	illicit drug use in adolescents at risk for alcoholism and other
	substance use disorders.}},
  journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {468--75},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {To evaluate the predictive power of executive functions, in particular,
	response inhibition, in relation to alcohol-related problems and
	illicit drug use in adolescence.},
  doi = {10.1097/01.chi.0000199028.76452.a9},
  issn = {0890-8567},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Alcoholism,Alcoholism: psychology,Attention,Child,Female,Forecasting,Humans,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Male,Reaction Time,Risk Factors,Substance-Related Disorders,Substance-Related
	Disorders: psychology,Thinking},
  pmid = {16601652},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601652}
}

@ARTICLE{NilssonRieskampWagenmakers11,
  author = {Nilsson, H\aa kan and Rieskamp, J\"{o}rg and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan},
  title = {{Hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation for cumulative prospect
	theory}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {55},
  pages = {84--93},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2010.08.006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Nilsson, Rieskamp, Wagenmakers - 2011 - Hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation for cumulative prospect theory.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {00222496},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022249610001070}
}

@ARTICLE{NooraniCarpenter12,
  author = {Noorani, I and Carpenter, R H S},
  title = {{Antisaccades as decisions: LATER model predicts latency distributions
	and error responses.}},
  journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1--9},
  number = {September},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Antisaccades are widely used in the study of voluntary behavioural
	control: a subject told to look in the opposite direction to a stimulus
	must suppress the automatic response of looking towards it, leading
	to delays and errors that are commonly believed to be generated by
	competing decision processes. However, currently we lack a precise
	model of the details of antisaccade behaviour, or indeed detailed
	quantitative data in the form of full reaction time distributions
	by which any such model could be evaluated. We measured subjects'
	antisaccade latency distributions and error rates, and found that
	we could account precisely for both distributions and errors with
	a model having three competing LATER processes racing to threshold.
	In an even more stringent test, we manipulated subjects' expectation
	of the stimulus, leading to large changes in behaviour that were
	nevertheless still accurately predicted. The antisaccade task is
	widely used in the laboratory and clinic because of the relative
	complexity and vulnerability of the underlying decision mechanisms:
	our model, grounded in detailed quantitative data, is a robust way
	of conceptualizing these processes.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Antisaccades as decisions: LATER model predicts
	latency distributions and error responses. - Noorani, I; Carpenter,
	R H S )




	 },
  doi = {10.1111/ejn.12025},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Noorani, Carpenter - 2012 - Antisaccades as decisions LATER model predicts latency distributions and error responses.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-9568},
  keywords = {antisaccade,eye movement,later,reaction time,saccade},
  pmid = {23121177},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121177}
}

@ARTICLE{NordgaardSassParnas12,
  author = {Nordgaard, Julie and Sass, Louis A and Parnas, Josef},
  title = {{The psychiatric interview: validity, structure, and subjectivity.}},
  journal = {European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {There is a glaring gap in the psychiatric literature concerning the
	nature of psychiatric symptoms and signs, and a corresponding lack
	of epistemological discussion of psycho-diagnostic interviewing.
	Contemporary clinical neuroscience heavily relies on the use of fully
	structured interviews that are historically rooted in logical positivism
	and behaviorism. These theoretical approaches marked decisively the
	so-called "operational revolution in psychiatry" leading to the creation
	of DSM-III. This paper attempts to examine the theoretical assumptions
	that underlie the use of a fully structured psychiatric interview.
	We address the ontological status of pathological experience, the
	notions of symptom, sign, prototype and Gestalt, and the necessary
	second-person processes which are involved in converting the patient's
	experience (originally lived in the first-person perspective) into
	an "objective" (third person), actionable format, used for classification,
	treatment, and research. Our central thesis is that psychiatry targets
	the phenomena of consciousness, which, unlike somatic symptoms and
	signs, cannot be grasped on the analogy with material thing-like
	objects. We claim that in order to perform faithful distinctions
	in this particular domain, we need a more adequate approach, that
	is, an approach that is guided by phenomenologically informed considerations.
	Our theoretical discussion draws upon clinical examples derived from
	structured and semi-structured interviews. We conclude that fully
	structured interview is neither theoretically adequate nor practically
	valid in obtaining psycho-diagnostic information. Failure to address
	these basic issues may have contributed to the current state of malaise
	in the study of psychopathology.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00406-012-0366-z},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1433-8491},
  pmid = {23001456},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001456}
}

@ARTICLE{NotebaertHoutmanOpstalEtAl09,
  author = {Notebaert, Wim and Houtman, Femke and Opstal, Filip Van and Gevers,
	Wim and Fias, Wim and Verguts, Tom},
  title = {{Post-error slowing: an orienting account.}},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {111},
  pages = {275--9},
  number = {2},
  month = may,
  abstract = {It is generally assumed that slowing after errors is a cognitive control
	effect reflecting more careful response strategies after errors.
	However, clinical data are not compatible with this explanation.
	We therefore consider two alternative explanations, one referring
	to the possibility of a persisting underlying problem and one on
	the basis of the low frequency of errors (orienting account). This
	latter hypothesis argues that infrequent events orient attention
	away from the task. Support for the orienting account was obtained
	in two experiments. Using a new experimental procedure, Experiment
	1 demonstrated post-error slowing after infrequent errors and post-correct
	slowing after infrequent correct trials. In Experiment 2, slowing
	was observed following infrequent irrelevant tones replacing the
	feedback signals.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2009.02.002},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Notebaert et al. - 2009 - Post-error slowing an orienting account.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-7838},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Attention,Attention: physiology,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Feedback,Female,Humans,Male,Psychological,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Self Concept,Young Adult,oddball,slowing},
  mendeley-tags = {oddball,slowing},
  pmid = {19285310},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19285310 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.02.002}
}

@ARTICLE{NoudoostMoore11,
  author = {Noudoost, Behrad and Moore, Tirin},
  title = {{The role of neuromodulators in selective attention}},
  journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {585--591},
  number = {12},
  month = nov,
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( The role of neuromodulators in selective attention
	- Noudoost, Behrad; Moore, Tirin )




	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.10.006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Noudoost, Moore - 2011 - The role of neuromodulators in selective attention.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {13646613},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S136466131100221X}
}

@ARTICLE{NuttGoodwin11,
  author = {Nutt, David and Goodwin, Guy},
  title = {{ECNP Summit on the future of CNS drug research in Europe 2011: report
	prepared for ECNP by David Nutt and Guy Goodwin.}},
  journal = {European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College
	of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {495--9},
  number = {7},
  month = jul,
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( ECNP Summit on the future of CNS drug research
	in Europe 2011: report prepared for ECNP by David Nutt and Guy Goodwin.
	- Nutt, David; Goodwin, Guy )




	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.05.004},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Nutt, Goodwin - 2011 - ECNP Summit on the future of CNS drug research in Europe 2011 report prepared for ECNP by David Nutt and Guy Goodwin.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-7862},
  keywords = {Central Nervous System Diseases,Central Nervous System Diseases: drug
	therapy,Central Nervous System Diseases: economics,Central Nervous
	System Diseases: metabolism,Clinical Trials as Topic,Drug Discovery,Drug
	Discovery: legislation \& jurisprudence,Europe,Humans,Molecular Targeted
	Therapy,Neurosciences,Neurosciences: methods,Research,Research: legislation
	\& jurisprudence},
  pmid = {21684455},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21684455}
}

@ARTICLE{ObesoWilkinsonCasabonaEtAl11,
  author = {Obeso, Ignacio and Wilkinson, Leonora and Casabona, Enrique and Bringas,
	Maria Luisa and Alvarez, Mario and Alvarez, L\'{a}zaro and Pav\'{o}n,
	Nancy and Rodr\'{\i}guez-Oroz, Maria-Cruz and Mac\'{\i}as, Ra\'{u}l
	and Obeso, Jose a and Jahanshahi, Marjan},
  title = {{Deficits in inhibitory control and conflict resolution on cognitive
	and motor tasks in Parkinson's disease.}},
  journal = {Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Exp\'{e}rimentation
	c\'{e}r\'{e}brale},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {212},
  pages = {371--84},
  number = {3},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Recent imaging studies in healthy controls with a conditional stop
	signal reaction time (RT) task have implicated the subthalamic nucleus
	(STN) in response inhibition and the pre-supplementary motor area
	(pre-SMA) in conflict resolution. Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized
	by striatal dopamine deficiency and overactivity of the STN and underactivation
	of the pre-SMA during movement. We used the conditional stop signal
	RT task to investigate whether PD produced similar or dissociable
	effects on response initiation, response inhibition and response
	initiation under conflict. In addition, we also examined inhibition
	of prepotent responses on three cognitive tasks: the Stroop, random
	number generation and Hayling sentence completion. PD patients were
	impaired on the conditional stop signal reaction time task, with
	response initiation both in situations with or without conflict and
	response inhibition all being significantly delayed, and had significantly
	greater difficulty in suppressing prepotent or habitual responses
	on the Stroop, Hayling and random number generation tasks relative
	to controls. These results demonstrate the existence of a generalized
	inhibitory deficit in PD, which suggest that PD is a disorder of
	inhibition as well as activation and that in situations of conflict,
	executive control over responses is compromised.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00221-011-2736-6},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Obeso et al. - 2011 - Deficits in inhibitory control and conflict resolution on cognitive and motor tasks in Parkinson's disease.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1432-1106},
  keywords = {PD,fronto-striatal circuits \'{a} parkinson,response inhibition,s
	disease \'{a},stop-signal,subthalamic nucleus \'{a} inhibition,\'{a}
	stop signal task},
  mendeley-tags = {PD,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {21643718},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21643718}
}

@ARTICLE{ObesoWilkinsonJahanshahi11,
  author = {Obeso, Ignacio and Wilkinson, Leonora and Jahanshahi, Marjan},
  title = {{Levodopa medication does not influence motor inhibition or conflict
	resolution in a conditional stop-signal task in Parkinson's disease.}},
  journal = {Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation
	cerebrale},
  year = {2011},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Evidence from animal, clinical, and imaging studies suggests that
	the basal ganglia and their frontal connections mediate motor inhibition,
	but the role of dopamine remains unclear. The aim of our study was
	to investigate, for the first time, whether levodopa medication influences
	motor inhibition and conflict resolution on the conditional stop-signal
	reaction time task in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) tested
	on or off their medication. Sixteen PD patients and 17 healthy controls
	performed the conditional stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) task,
	which requires inhibition of responses when a stop signal is presented
	on "critical" trials. Additionally, on "non-critical" trials, participants
	are instructed to ignore the stop signal and respond, thus generating
	conflict between motor inhibition and initiation; and conflict-induced
	slowing (CIS) on these "non-critical" trials. Levodopa medication
	did not significantly influence response initiation, inhibition (SSRT)
	or the measure of conflict resolution (CIS). Compared to healthy
	controls, PD patients showed significantly worse response initiation
	and inhibition both on and off their levodopa medication. Our results
	suggest that motor inhibition or conflict-induced slowing on the
	conditional stop-signal RT task are not altered by dopamine replacement
	in PD. This conclusion is consistent with evidence from animal studies
	and clinical pharmacological investigations suggesting a role for
	noradrenaline in motor inhibition and impulsivity.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00221-011-2793-x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Obeso, Wilkinson, Jahanshahi - 2011 - Levodopa medication does not influence motor inhibition or conflict resolution in a conditional stop-signal task in Parkinson's disease.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1432-1106},
  keywords = {PD,conditional stop-signal,dopamine,fronto-striatal circuits,inhibition,levodopa,parkinson,response
	inhibition,s disease,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {PD,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {21796541},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796541}
}

@ARTICLE{OosterlaanLoganSergeant98,
  author = {Oosterlaan, J and Logan, G and Sergeant, J},
  title = {{Response inhibition in AD/HD, CD, comorbid AD/HD+ CD, anxious, and
	control children: A meta‐analysis of studies with the stop task}},
  journal = {Journal of Child \ldots},
  year = {1998},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1469-7610.00336/abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{OrtegaWagenmakersLeeEtAl12,
  author = {Ortega, Alonso and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan and Lee, Michael D and Markowitsch,
	Hans J and Piefke, Martina},
  title = {{A Bayesian latent group analysis for detecting poor effort in the
	assessment of malingering.}},
  journal = {Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the
	National Academy of Neuropsychologists},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {453--65},
  number = {4},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Despite their theoretical appeal, Bayesian methods for the assessment
	of poor effort and malingering are still rarely used in neuropsychological
	research and clinical diagnosis. In this article, we outline a novel
	and easy-to-use Bayesian latent group analysis of malingering whose
	goal is to identify participants displaying poor effort when tested.
	Our Bayesian approach also quantifies the confidence with which each
	participant is classified and estimates the base rates of malingering
	from the observed data. We implement our Bayesian approach and compare
	its utility in effort assessment to that of the classic below-chance
	criterion of symptom validity testing (SVT). In two experiments,
	we evaluate the accuracy of both a Bayesian latent group analysis
	and the below-chance criterion of SVT in recovering the membership
	of participants assigned to the malingering group. Experiment 1 uses
	a simulation research design, whereas Experiment 2 involves the differentiation
	of patients with a history of stroke from coached malingerers. In
	both experiments, sensitivity levels are high for the Bayesian method,
	but low for the below-chance criterion of SVT. Additionally, the
	Bayesian approach proves to be resistant to possible effects of coaching.
	We conclude that Bayesian latent group methods complement existing
	methods in making more informed choices about malingering.},
  doi = {10.1093/arclin/acs038},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ortega et al. - 2012 - A Bayesian latent group analysis for detecting poor effort in the assessment of malingering.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-5843},
  keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Bayes Theorem,Female,Humans,Male,Malingering,Malingering:
	diagnosis,Middle Aged,Neuropsychological Tests,Neuropsychological
	Tests: statistics \& numerical d,Psychometrics,Psychometrics: methods},
  pmid = {22543568},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22543568}
}

@ARTICLE{PalminteriLebretonWorbeEtAl09,
  author = {Palminteri, Stefano and Lebreton, Ma\"{e}l and Worbe, Yulia and Grabli,
	David and Hartmann, Andreas and Pessiglione, Mathias},
  title = {{Pharmacological modulation of subliminal learning in Parkinson's
	and Tourette's syndromes.}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
	of America},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {19179--84},
  number = {45},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Theories of instrumental learning aim to elucidate the mechanisms
	that integrate success and failure to improve future decisions. One
	computational solution consists of updating the value of choices
	in proportion to reward prediction errors, which are potentially
	encoded in dopamine signals. Accordingly, drugs that modulate dopamine
	transmission were shown to impact instrumental learning performance.
	However, whether these drugs act on conscious or subconscious learning
	processes remains unclear. To address this issue, we examined the
	effects of dopamine-related medications in a subliminal instrumental
	learning paradigm. To assess generality of dopamine implication,
	we tested both dopamine enhancers in Parkinson's disease (PD) and
	dopamine blockers in Tourette's syndrome (TS). During the task, patients
	had to learn from monetary outcomes the expected value of a risky
	choice. The different outcomes (rewards and punishments) were announced
	by visual cues, which were masked such that patients could not consciously
	perceive them. Boosting dopamine transmission in PD patients improved
	reward learning but worsened punishment avoidance. Conversely, blocking
	dopamine transmission in TS patients favored punishment avoidance
	but impaired reward seeking. These results thus extend previous findings
	in PD to subliminal situations and to another pathological condition,
	TS. More generally, they suggest that pharmacological manipulation
	of dopamine transmission can subconsciously drive us to either get
	more rewards or avoid more punishments.},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.0904035106},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Palminteri et al. - 2009 - Pharmacological modulation of subliminal learning in Parkinson's and Tourette's syndromes.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Avoidance Learning,Avoidance Learning: drug effects,Avoidance
	Learning: physiology,Conditioning (Psychology),Conditioning (Psychology):
	drug effects,Conditioning (Psychology): physiology,Cues,Dopamine
	Agonists,Dopamine Agonists: pharmacology,Dopamine Antagonists,Dopamine
	Antagonists: pharmacology,Female,Humans,Levodopa,Levodopa: pharmacology,Male,Middle
	Aged,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease: drug therapy,Parkinson
	Disease: physiopathology,Photic Stimulation,Reward,Risperidone,Risperidone:
	pharmacology,Subliminal Stimulation,Tourette Syndrome,Tourette Syndrome:
	drug therapy,Tourette Syndrome: physiopathology},
  pmid = {19850878},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2776465\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{PankseppSolms12,
  author = {Panksepp, Jaak and Solms, Mark},
  title = {{What is neuropsychoanalysis? Clinically relevant studies of the
	minded brain.}},
  journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {6--8},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.005},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Panksepp, Solms - 2012 - What is neuropsychoanalysis Clinically relevant studies of the minded brain.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1879-307X},
  pmid = {22153583},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153583}
}

@ARTICLE{Paper10,
  author = {Paper, The},
  title = {4/19/2010},
  year = {2010},
  pages = {1--5},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Paper - 2010 - 4192010.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{PareHanes03,
  author = {Par\'{e}, Martin and Hanes, Doug P},
  title = {{Controlled movement processing: superior colliculus activity associated
	with countermanded saccades.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {6480--9},
  number = {16},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {We investigated whether the monkey superior colliculus (SC), an important
	midbrain structure for the regulation of saccadic eye movements,
	contains neurons with activity patterns sufficient to control both
	the cancellation and the production of saccades. We used a countermanding
	task to manipulate the probability that, after the presentation of
	a stop signal, the monkeys canceled a saccade that was planned in
	response to an eccentric visual stimulus. By modeling each animal's
	behavioral responses, with a race between GO and STOP processes leading
	up to either saccade initiation or cancellation, we estimated that
	saccade cancellation took on average 110 msec. Neurons recorded in
	the superior colliculus intermediate layers during this task exhibited
	the discharge properties expected from neurons closely involved in
	behavioral control. Both saccade- and fixation-related discharged
	differently when saccades were counter-manded instead of executed,
	and the time at which they changed their activity preceded the behavioral
	estimate of saccade cancellation obtained from the same trials by
	10 and 13 msec, respectively. Furthermore, these intervals exceed
	the minimal amount of time needed for SC activity to influence eye
	movements. The additional observation that saccade-related neurons
	discharged significantly less when saccades were countermanded instead
	of executed suggests that saccades are triggered when these neurons
	reach a critical activation level. Altogether, these findings provide
	solid evidence that the superior colliculus contains the necessary
	neural signals to be directly involved in the decision process that
	regulates whether a saccade is to be produced.},
  file = {:home/whyking/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Par\'{e}, Hanes - 2003 - Controlled movement processing superior colliculus activity associated with countermanded saccades.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animal,Animal: physiology,Animals,Behavior,Choice
	Behavior,Choice Behavior: physiology,Eye Movements,Eye Movements:
	physiology,Fixation,Macaca mulatta,Male,Neural Inhibition,Neural
	Inhibition: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Ocular,Ocular:
	physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,SC,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Superior
	Colliculi,Superior Colliculi: physiology,electrophys,monkey,response
	inhibition,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {SC,electrophys,monkey,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {12878689},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12878689}
}

@ARTICLE{ParmentierElfordEsceraEtAl08,
  author = {Parmentier, Fabrice B R and Elford, Gregory and Escera, Carles and
	Andr\'{e}s, Pilar and {San Miguel}, Iria},
  title = {{The cognitive locus of distraction by acoustic novelty in the cross-modal
	oddball task.}},
  journal = {Cognition},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {408--32},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Unexpected stimuli are often able to distract us away from a task
	at hand. The present study seeks to explore some of the mechanisms
	underpinning this phenomenon. Studies of involuntary attention capture
	using the oddball task have repeatedly shown that infrequent auditory
	changes in a series of otherwise repeating sounds trigger an automatic
	response to the novel or deviant stimulus. This attention capture
	has been shown to disrupt participants' behavioral performance in
	a primary task, even when distractors and targets are asynchronous
	and presented in distinct sensory modalities. This distraction effect
	is generally considered as a by-product of the capture of attention
	by the novel or deviant stimulus, but the exact cognitive locus of
	this effect and the interplay between attention capture and target
	processing has remained relatively ignored. The present study reports
	three behavioral experiments using a cross-modal oddball task to
	examine whether the distraction triggered by auditory novelty affects
	the processing of the target stimuli. Our results showed that variations
	in the demands placed on the visual analysis (Experiment 1) or categorical
	processing of the target (Experiment 2) did not impact on distraction.
	Instead, the cancellation of distraction by the presentation of an
	irrelevant visual stimulus presented immediately before the visual
	target (Experiment 3) suggested that distraction originated in the
	shifts of attention occurring between attention capture and the onset
	of the target processing. Possible accounts of these shifts are discussed.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.008},
  issn = {0010-0277},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attention,Auditory Perception,Concept Formation,Female,Humans,Male,Pattern
	Recognition, Visual,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction Time},
  pmid = {17445791},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.008}
}

@ARTICLE{PartonNachevHodgsonEtAl07,
  author = {Parton, Andrew and Nachev, Parashkev and Hodgson, Timothy L and Mort,
	Dominic and Thomas, David and Ordidge, Roger and Morgan, Paul S and
	Jackson, Stephen and Rees, Geraint and Husain, Masud},
  title = {{Role of the human supplementary eye field in the control of saccadic
	eye movements.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychologia},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {997--1008},
  number = {5},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {The precise function of the supplementary eye field (SEF) is poorly
	understood. Although electrophysiological and functional imaging
	studies are important for demonstrating when SEF neurones are active,
	lesion studies are critical to establish the functions for which
	the SEF is essential. Here we report a series of investigations performed
	on an extremely rare individual with a highly focal lesion of the
	medial frontal cortex. High-resolution structural imaging demonstrated
	that his lesion was confined to the region of the left paracentral
	sulcus, the anatomical locus of the SEF. Behavioural testing revealed
	that the patient was significantly impaired when required to switch
	between anti- and pro-saccades, when there were conflicting rules
	governing stimulus-response mappings for saccades. Similarly, the
	results of an arbitrary stimulus-response associative learning task
	demonstrated that he was impaired when required to select the appropriate
	saccade from conflicting eye movement responses, but not for limb
	movements on an analogous manual task. When making memory-guided
	saccadic sequences, the patient demonstrated hypometria, like patients
	with Parkinson's disease, but had no significant difficulties in
	reproducing the order of saccades correctly on a task that emphasized
	accuracy with a wide temporal segregation between responses. These
	findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the SEF plays a
	key role in implementing control when there is conflict between several,
	ongoing competing saccadic responses, but not when eye movements
	need to be made accurately in sequence.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.09.007},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Parton et al. - 2007 - Role of the human supplementary eye field in the control of saccadic eye movements.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0028-3932},
  keywords = {Association Learning,Association Learning: physiology,Case-Control
	Studies,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Frontal Lobe: physiopathology,Humans,Male,Memory,Memory:
	physiology,Middle Aged,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance:
	physiology,SEF,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Serial Learning,Serial
	Learning: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology},
  mendeley-tags = {SEF},
  pmid = {17069864},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2649282\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{PascoliTuriaultLuscher11,
  author = {Pascoli, Vincent and Turiault, Marc and L\"{u}scher, Christian},
  title = {{Reversal of cocaine-evoked synaptic potentiation resets drug-induced
	adaptive behaviour}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {481},
  pages = {1--6},
  number = {7379},
  month = dec,
  doi = {10.1038/nature10709},
  file = {:home/whyking/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Pascoli, Turiault, L\"{u}scher - 2011 - Reversal of cocaine-evoked synaptic potentiation resets drug-induced adaptive behaviour.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  language = {en},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature10709 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7379/full/nature10709.html?WT.ec\_id=NATURE-20120105}
}

@ARTICLE{PatilHuardFonnesbeck10,
  author = {Patil, Anand and Huard, David and Fonnesbeck, Christopher J},
  title = {{PyMC: Bayesian Stochastic Modelling in Python.}},
  journal = {Journal of statistical software},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {1--81},
  number = {4},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {This user guide describes a Python package, PyMC, that allows users
	to efficiently code a probabilistic model and draw samples from its
	posterior distribution using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques.},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1548-7660},
  pmid = {21603108},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3097064\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{PaulsODalyRubiaEtAl12,
  author = {Pauls, Astrid M and O'Daly, Owen G and Rubia, Katya and Riedel, Wim
	J and Williams, Steven C R and Mehta, Mitul a},
  title = {{Methylphenidate Effects on Prefrontal Functioning During Attentional-Capture
	and Response Inhibition.}},
  journal = {Biological psychiatry},
  year = {2012},
  month = may,
  abstract = {BACKGROUND: Methylphenidate improves motor response inhibition, typically
	assessed with the stop-signal task. The exact underlying mechanism
	for this, however, remains unknown. In addition, recent studies highlight
	that stop signals can have a confounding attentional-capture effect
	because of their low frequency in the task. In the current study,
	we assessed the effects of methylphenidate on neural networks of
	inhibitory control and attentional-capture within the context of
	two inhibitory control tasks. METHODS: The effects of methylphenidate
	(40 mg) were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging
	in 16 healthy volunteers in a within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled
	design. RESULTS: Methylphenidate significantly reduced activation
	of different regions within the right inferior frontal gyrus/insula
	to infrequent stimuli associated with successful inhibition, failed
	inhibition, and attentional capture. These inferior frontal gyrus
	regions showed different interregional connections with inhibitory
	and attention networks. For failed inhibitions, methylphenidate increased
	activation within performance-monitoring regions, including the superior
	frontal, anterior cingulate, and parietal-occipital cortices, but
	only after controlling for attentional capture. CONCLUSIONS: Our
	findings suggest that the improvement of response inhibition seen
	following methylphenidate administration is due to its influence
	on underlying attentional mechanisms linked to response control requirements.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.028},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Pauls et al. - 2012 - Methylphenidate Effects on Prefrontal Functioning During Attentional-Capture and Response Inhibition.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-2402},
  keywords = {adhd,attentional-capture,ethylphenidate,fmri,hyperactivity disorder,is
	the most frequently,methylphenidate,motor re-,prescribed medica-,right
	inferior frontal gyrus,sponse inhibition,stop-signal task,tion for
	attention-deficit},
  pmid = {22552046},
  publisher = {Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22552046}
}

@ARTICLE{PavlovWalkerKullmann09,
  author = {Pavlov, Ivan and Walker, Matthew C and Kullmann, Dimitri M},
  title = {{Computational sophistication at a single GABAergic connection.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {716--8},
  number = {6},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {Diverse computational roles of GABAergic inhibition are often assumed
	to reflect heterogeneity in the sources of GABA and in the receptors
	sensing the neurotransmitter. New data suggest that distinct effects
	on integration of excitatory inputs by cerebellar granule cells might
	result from different modes of signaling by individual interneurons.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Pavlov, Walker, Kullmann - 2009 - Computational sophistication at a single GABAergic connection.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  keywords = {Animals,Models, Neurological,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition:
	physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Rats,Synapses,Synapses: physiology,gamma-Aminobutyric
	Acid,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: metabolism},
  pmid = {19778499},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19778499}
}

@ARTICLE{PenadesCatalanRubia07,
  author = {Penades, R and Catalan, R and Rubia, K},
  title = {{Impaired response inhibition in obsessive compulsive disorder.}},
  journal = {\ldots psychiatry: the journal \ldots},
  year = {2007},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17127038}
}

@ARTICLE{PhillipsJohnstonEverling11,
  author = {Phillips, Jessica M and Johnston, Kevin and Everling, Stefan},
  title = {{Effects of anterior cingulate microstimulation on pro- and antisaccades
	in nonhuman primates.}},
  journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {481--90},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Numerous studies have established a role for the ACC in cognitive
	control. Current theories are at odds as to whether ACC itself directly
	engages or alternatively recruits other frontal cortical areas that
	implement control. The antisaccade task, in which subjects are required
	to make a saccade to the location opposite a suddenly appearing visual
	stimulus, is a simple oculomotor paradigm that has been used extensively
	to investigate flexible oculomotor control. Here, we tested a causal
	role of the dorsal ACC in cognitive control by applying electrical
	microstimulation during a preparatory period while monkeys performed
	alternating blocks of pro- and antisaccade trials. Microstimulation
	induced significant changes in saccadic RTs (SRTs) in both tasks.
	On prosaccade trials, SRTs were increased for saccades contralateral
	to and decreased for saccades ipsilateral to the stimulated hemisphere.
	In contrast, SRTs were decreased for both ipsi- and contralaterally
	directed antisaccades. These data show that microstimulation administered
	during response preparation facilitated the performance of antisaccades
	and are suggestive of a direct role of ACC in the implementation
	of cognitive control.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Effects of anterior cingulate microstimulation
	on pro- and antisaccades in nonhuman primates. - Phillips, Jessica
	M; Johnston, Kevin; Everling, Stefan ) Non-cued predicted AST. From
	Duplicate 2 ( Effects of anterior cingulate microstimulation on pro-
	and antisaccades in nonhuman primates. - Phillips, Jessica M; Johnston,
	Kevin; Everling, Stefan ) },
  doi = {10.1162/jocn.2010.21482},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Phillips, Johnston, Everling - 2011 - Effects of anterior cingulate microstimulation on pro- and antisaccades in nonhuman primates.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1530-8898},
  keywords = {ACC,Animals,Attention,Attention: physiology,Brain Mapping,Electric
	Stimulation,Electric Stimulation: methods,Functional Laterality,Functional
	Laterality: physiology,Gyrus Cinguli,Gyrus Cinguli: physiology,Macaca
	mulatta,Macaca mulatta: physiology,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging: methods,Male,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation:
	methods,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,antisaccade,response
	inhibition},
  language = {en},
  mendeley-tags = {ACC,antisaccade,response inhibition},
  pmid = {20350174},
  publisher = {MIT Press238 Main St., Suite 500, Cambridge, MA 02142-1046USAjournals-info@mit.edu},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20350174 http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn.2010.21482?journalCode=jocn}
}

@ARTICLE{Phillips97,
  author = {Phillips, LH},
  title = {{Do “frontal tests” measure executive function? Issues of assessment
	and evidence from fluency tests}},
  journal = {Methodology of frontal and executive function},
  year = {1997},
  url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=L-q3q0XoOeEC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PA185\&dq=measure+executive+function?+Issues+of+assessment+and+evidence+from+fluency+tests\&ots=x16CN9B7z\_\&sig=TBJBBy8J8R6mr89f2DoaGo8NvI8}
}

@ARTICLE{Poirier06,
  author = {Poirier, Dale J.},
  title = {{The growth of Bayesian methods in statistics and economics since
	1970}},
  journal = {Bayesian Analysis},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {969--979},
  number = {4},
  month = dec,
  issn = {1931-6690},
  keywords = {Bayesian impact,Journals},
  language = {EN},
  url = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ba/1340370949}
}

@ARTICLE{PolandEckardtSpaulding94,
  author = {Poland, J and Eckardt, B Von and Spaulding, W},
  title = {{Problems with the DSM approach to classifying psychopathology.}},
  year = {1994},
  url = {http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1995-97231-011}
}

@INCOLLECTION{PolandVon13,
  author = {Poland, Jeffrey and {Von Eckardt}, Barbara},
  title = {{Mapping the Domain of Mental Illness}},
  booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Psychiatry},
  year = {2013}
}

@ARTICLE{Polich07,
  author = {Polich, John},
  title = {{Updating P300: an integrative theory of P3a and P3b.}},
  journal = {Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International
	Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {118},
  pages = {2128--48},
  number = {10},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {The empirical and theoretical development of the P300 event-related
	brain potential (ERP) is reviewed by considering factors that contribute
	to its amplitude, latency, and general characteristics. The neuropsychological
	origins of the P3a and P3b subcomponents are detailed, and how target/standard
	discrimination difficulty modulates scalp topography is discussed.
	The neural loci of P3a and P3b generation are outlined, and a cognitive
	model is proffered: P3a originates from stimulus-driven frontal attention
	mechanisms during task processing, whereas P3b originates from temporal-parietal
	activity associated with attention and appears related to subsequent
	memory processing. Neurotransmitter actions associating P3a to frontal/dopaminergic
	and P3b to parietal/norepinephrine pathways are highlighted. Neuroinhibition
	is suggested as an overarching theoretical mechanism for P300, which
	is elicited when stimulus detection engages memory operations.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.019},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Polich - 2007 - Updating P300 an integrative theory of P3a and P3b.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1388-2457},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain Chemistry,Brain Chemistry: physiology,Cortical Synchronization,Electroencephalography,Event-Related
	Potentials,Evoked Potentials,Evoked Potentials: drug effects,Evoked
	Potentials: physiology,Humans,Neurotransmitter Agents,Neurotransmitter
	Agents: metabolism,Neurotransmitter Agents: physiology,P3,P300,P300:
	drug effects,P300: physiology,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {P3,response inhibition},
  pmid = {17573239},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2715154\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@BOOK{Posner04,
  title = {{Cognitive neuroscience of attention}},
  publisher = {Guilford Press},
  year = {2004},
  author = {Posner, Michael I.},
  pages = {466},
  abstract = {This volume presents the latest advances in understanding attention:
	its anatomy, circuitry, functions, and deficits. Outstanding investigators
	have written brief yet substantive chapters in which they not only
	summarize key findings but also illuminate their goals and the directions
	their research is taking. Coverage includes different cognitive models
	of attention; knowledge emerging from functional imaging and genetic
	studies; and neurophysiological, developmental, and neuropsychological
	approaches. Emerging knowledge is presented on processes that impair
	or alter attention, and clinical implications are discussed. Linking
	many levels of analysis, and featuring over 100 illustrations, the
	book moves us closer to a coherent view of the attentional system
	and the key role it plays in everyday life.},
  isbn = {1593850484},
  keywords = {dual-route,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {dual-route,response inhibition},
  url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=XywWKzaYKIYC\&pgis=1}
}

@ARTICLE{PougetLoganPalmeriEtAl11,
  author = {Pouget, Pierre and Logan, Gordon D. and Palmeri, Thomas J. and Boucher,
	Leanne and Pare, Martin and Schall, Jeffrey D.},
  title = {{Neural Basis of Adaptive Response Time Adjustment during Saccade
	Countermanding}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {12604--12612},
  number = {35},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1868-11.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Pouget et al. - 2011 - Neural Basis of Adaptive Response Time Adjustment during Saccade Countermanding.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  keywords = {response inhibition,slowing,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition,slowing,stop-signal},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1868-11.2011}
}

@ARTICLE{PurcellHeitzCohenEtAl10,
  author = {Purcell, Braden a and Heitz, Richard P and Cohen, Jeremiah Y and
	Schall, Jeffrey D and Logan, Gordon D and Palmeri, Thomas J},
  title = {{Neurally constrained modeling of perceptual decision making.}},
  journal = {Psychological review},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {117},
  pages = {1113--43},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Stochastic accumulator models account for response time in perceptual
	decision-making tasks by assuming that perceptual evidence accumulates
	to a threshold. The present investigation mapped the firing rate
	of frontal eye field (FEF) visual neurons onto perceptual evidence
	and the firing rate of FEF movement neurons onto evidence accumulation
	to test alternative models of how evidence is combined in the accumulation
	process. The models were evaluated on their ability to predict both
	response time distributions and movement neuron activity observed
	in monkeys performing a visual search task. Models that assume gating
	of perceptual evidence to the accumulating units provide the best
	account of both behavioral and neural data. These results identify
	discrete stages of processing with anatomically distinct neural populations
	and rule out several alternative architectures. The results also
	illustrate the use of neurophysiological data as a model selection
	tool and establish a novel framework to bridge computational and
	neural levels of explanation.},
  doi = {10.1037/a0020311},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Purcell et al. - 2010 - Neurally constrained modeling of perceptual decision making.pdf:pdf;::},
  issn = {1939-1471},
  keywords = {Animals,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Humans,Models,Motor
	Neurons,Motor Neurons: physiology,Movement,Movement: physiology,Neurological,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Visual Perception,Visual
	Perception: physiology},
  pmid = {20822291},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2979343\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{RuterMarcilleSprekelerEtAl12,
  author = {R\"{u}ter, Johannes and Marcille, Nicolas and Sprekeler, Henning
	and Gerstner, Wulfram and Herzog, Michael H.},
  title = {{Paradoxical evidence integration in rapid decision processes.}},
  journal = {PLoS computational biology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {e1002382},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Decisions about noisy stimuli require evidence integration over time.
	Traditionally, evidence integration and decision making are described
	as a one-stage process: a decision is made when evidence for the
	presence of a stimulus crosses a threshold. Here, we show that one-stage
	models cannot explain psychophysical experiments on feature fusion,
	where two visual stimuli are presented in rapid succession. Paradoxically,
	the second stimulus biases decisions more strongly than the first
	one, contrary to predictions of one-stage models and intuition. We
	present a two-stage model where sensory information is integrated
	and buffered before it is fed into a drift diffusion process. The
	model is tested in a series of psychophysical experiments and explains
	both accuracy and reaction time distributions.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002382},
  editor = {Sporns, Olaf},
  file = {:home/whyking/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/R\"{u}ter et al. - 2012 - Paradoxical Evidence Integration in Rapid Decision Processes.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1553-7358},
  pmid = {22359494},
  url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002382 http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3280955\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{Rampertshammer07,
  author = {Rampertshammer, Stefan},
  title = {{An Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Framework for Pairs Trading}},
  year = {2007},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Rampertshammer - 2007 - An Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Framework for Pairs Trading.pdf:pdf}
}

@TECHREPORT{Ramtohul09,
  author = {Ramtohul, Tikesh},
  title = {{Presentation: An Automated Trading System based on Recurrent Reinforcement
	Learning}},
  year = {2009},
  number = {June},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ramtohul - 2009 - Presentation An Automated Trading System based on Recurrent Reinforcement Learning.pdf:pdf},
  volume = {2009}
}

@ARTICLE{Ratcliff,
  author = {Ratcliff, Roger},
  title = {{A theory of memory retrieval.}},
  abstract = {Develops a theory of memory retrieval and shows that it applies over
	a range of experimental paradigms. Access to memory traces is viewed
	in terms of a resonance metaphor. The probe item evokes the search
	set on the basis of probe–memory item relatedness, just as a ringing
	tuning fork evokes sympathetic vibrations in other tuning forks.
	Evidence is accumulated in parallel from each probe–memory item
	comparison, and each comparison is modeled by a continuous random
	walk process. In item recognition, the decision process is self-terminating
	on matching comparisons and exhaustive on nonmatching comparisons.
	The mathematical model produces predictions about accuracy, mean
	reaction time, error latency, and reaction time distributions that
	are in good accord with data from 2 experiments conducted with 6
	undergraduates. The theory is applied to 4 item recognition paradigms
	(Sternberg, prememorized list, study–test, and continuous) and
	to speed–accuracy paradigms; results are found to provide a basis
	for comparison of these paradigms. It is noted that neural network
	models can be interfaced to the retrieval theory with little difficulty
	and that semantic memory models may benefit from such a retrieval
	scheme. },
  keywords = {DDM},
  mendeley-tags = {DDM}
}

@ARTICLE{Ratcliffa,
  author = {Ratcliff, Roger},
  title = {{Group reaction time distributions and an analysis of distribution
	statistics.}},
  abstract = {Describes a method of obtaining an average reaction time (RT) distribution
	for a group of Ss. The method is particularly useful for cases in
	which data from many Ss are available but there are only 10–20
	RT observations per S cell. Essentially, RTs for each S are organized
	in ascending order, and quantiles are calculated. The quantiles are
	then averaged over Ss to give group quantiles (Vincent learning curves).
	From the group quantiles, a group RT distribution can be constructed.
	It is shown that this method of averaging is exact for certain distributions
	(i.e., the resulting distribution belongs to the same family as the
	individual distributions). Furthermore, Monte Carlo studies and application
	of the method to the combined data from 3 large experiments provide
	evidence that properties derived from the group RT distribution are
	much the same as average properties derived from the data of individual
	Ss. This article also examines how to quantitatively describe the
	shape of RT distributions. The use of moments and cumulants as sources
	of information about distribution shape is evaluated and rejected
	because of extreme dependence on long, outlier reaction times. As
	an alternative, the use of explicit distribution functions as approximations
	to RT distributions is considered. (28 ref) }
}

@ARTICLE{Ratcliff80,
  author = {Ratcliff, Roger},
  title = {{A note on modeling accumulation of information when the rate of
	accumulation changes over time}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {1980},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ratcliff - 1980 - A note on modeling accumulation of information when the rate of accumulation changes over time.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://140.254.101.126/coglab/People/roger/pdf/Papers/jmathpsy80.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{RatcliffFrank12,
  author = {Ratcliff, Roger and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{Reinforcement-based decision making in corticostriatal circuits
	: mutual constraints by neurocomputational and diffusion models.}},
  journal = {Neural Computation},
  year = {2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ratcliff, Frank - Unknown - Reinforcement-based decision making in corticostriatal circuits mutual constraints by neurocomputational and diffusion models .pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{RatcliffMcKoon08,
  author = {Ratcliff, Roger and McKoon, Gail},
  title = {{The diffusion decision model: theory and data for two-choice decision
	tasks.}},
  journal = {Neural computation},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {873--922},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {The diffusion decision model allows detailed explanations of behavior
	in two-choice discrimination tasks. In this article, the model is
	reviewed to show how it translates behavioral data-accuracy, mean
	response times, and response time distributions-into components of
	cognitive processing. Three experiments are used to illustrate experimental
	manipulations of three components: stimulus difficulty affects the
	quality of information on which a decision is based; instructions
	emphasizing either speed or accuracy affect the criterial amounts
	of information that a subject requires before initiating a response;
	and the relative proportions of the two stimuli affect biases in
	drift rate and starting point. The experiments also illustrate the
	strong constraints that ensure the model is empirically testable
	and potentially falsifiable. The broad range of applications of the
	model is also reviewed, including research in the domains of aging
	and neurophysiology.},
  doi = {10.1162/neco.2008.12-06-420},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0899-7667},
  keywords = {Bias (Epidemiology),Brain,Brain: physiology,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Decision
	Making,Decision Making: physiology,Discrimination Learning,Discrimination
	Learning: physiology,Humans,Models,Neurological,Neuropsychological
	Tests,Neuropsychological Tests: standards,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Statistical},
  pmid = {18085991},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2474742\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{RatcliffPhiliastidesSajda09,
  author = {Ratcliff, R and Philiastides, MG and Sajda, P},
  title = {{Quality of evidence for perceptual decision making is indexed by
	trial-to-trial variability of the EEG}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {6539--6544},
  number = {16},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/106/16/6539.short}
}

@ARTICLE{RatcliffRouder98,
  author = {Ratcliff, Roger and Rouder, J. N.},
  title = {{Modeling Response Times for Two-Choice Decisions}},
  journal = {Psychological Science},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {347--356},
  number = {5},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1111/1467-9280.00067},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ratcliff, Rouder - 1998 - Modeling Response Times for Two-Choice Decisions.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0956-7976},
  keywords = {DDM},
  language = {en},
  mendeley-tags = {DDM},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications},
  url = {http://pss.sagepub.com/content/9/5/347.abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{RatcliffThaparMcKoon10,
  author = {Ratcliff, Roger and Thapar, Anjali and McKoon, Gail},
  title = {{Individual differences, aging, and IQ in two-choice tasks.}},
  journal = {Cognitive psychology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {127--57},
  number = {3},
  month = may,
  abstract = {The effects of aging and IQ on performance were examined in three
	two-choice tasks: numerosity discrimination, recognition memory,
	and lexical decision. The experimental data, accuracy, correct and
	error response times, and response time distributions, were well
	explained by Ratcliff's (1978) diffusion model. The components of
	processing identified by the model were compared across levels of
	IQ (ranging from 83 to 146) and age (college students, 60-74, and
	75-90 year olds). Declines in performance with age were not significantly
	different for low compared to high IQ subjects. IQ but not age had
	large effects on the quality of the evidence that was obtained from
	a stimulus or memory, that is, the evidence upon which decisions
	were based. Applying the model to individual subjects, the components
	of processing identified by the model for individuals correlated
	across tasks. In addition, the model's predictions and the data were
	examined for the "worst performance rule", the finding that age and
	IQ have larger effects on slower responses than faster responses.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2009.09.001},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ratcliff, Thapar, McKoon - 2010 - Individual differences, aging, and IQ in two-choice tasks.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-5623},
  keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging,Aging: physiology,Humans,Individuality,Intelligence,Intelligence:
	physiology,Middle Aged,Models, Psychological,Reaction Time,United
	States},
  pmid = {19962693},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2835850\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{RatcliffTuerlinckx02,
  author = {Ratcliff, Roger and Tuerlinckx, Francis},
  title = {{Estimating parameters of the diffusion model: approaches to dealing
	with contaminant reaction times and parameter variability.}},
  journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {438--81},
  number = {3},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {Three methods for fitting the diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) to
	experimental data are examined. Sets of simulated data were generated
	with known parameter values, and from fits of the model, we found
	that the maximum likelihood method was better than the chi-square
	and weighted least squares methods by criteria of bias in the parameters
	relative to the parameter values used to generate the data and standard
	deviations in the parameter estimates. The standard deviations in
	the parameter values can be used as measures of the variability in
	parameter estimates from fits to experimental data. We introduced
	contaminant reaction times and variability into the other components
	of processing besides the decision process and found that the maximum
	likelihood and chi-square methods failed, sometimes dramatically.
	But the weighted least squares method was robust to these two factors.
	We then present results from modifications of the maximum likelihood
	and chi-square methods, in which these factors are explicitly modeled,
	and show that the parameter values of the diffusion model are recovered
	well. We argue that explicit modeling is an important method for
	addressing contaminants and variability in nondecision processes
	and that it can be applied in any theoretical approach to modeling
	reaction time.},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1069-9384},
  keywords = {Humans,Models, Statistical,Reaction Time},
  pmid = {12412886},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2474747\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{RavenzwaaijDutilhWagenmakers12,
  author = {van Ravenzwaaij, Don and Dutilh, Gilles and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan},
  title = {{A diffusion model decomposition of the effects of alcohol on perceptual
	decision making.}},
  journal = {Psychopharmacology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {219},
  pages = {1017--25},
  number = {4},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Even in elementary cognitive tasks, alcohol consumption results in
	both cognitive and motor impairments (e.g., Schweizer and Vogel-Sprott,
	Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 16: 240-250, 2008).},
  doi = {10.1007/s00213-011-2435-9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/van Ravenzwaaij, Dutilh, Wagenmakers - 2012 - A diffusion model decomposition of the effects of alcohol on perceptual decision making.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1432-2072},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Alcohol Drinking,Alcohol Drinking: adverse effects,Alcoholic
	Intoxication,Alcoholic Intoxication: physiopathology,Cognition,Cognition:
	drug effects,Decision Making,Decision Making: drug effects,Discrimination
	Learning,Discrimination Learning: drug effects,Dose-Response Relationship,Double-Blind
	Method,Drug,Ethanol,Ethanol: administration \& dosage,Ethanol: adverse
	effects,Humans,Male,Models,Pilot Projects,Psychological,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: drug effects,Time Factors,Young Adult},
  pmid = {21842158},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3266508\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{RavenzwaaijMaasWagenmakers11,
  author = {van Ravenzwaaij, Don and van der Maas, Han L J and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan},
  title = {{Optimal decision making in neural inhibition models.}},
  journal = {Psychological review},
  year = {2011},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {In their influential Psychological Review article, Bogacz, Brown,
	Moehlis, Holmes, and Cohen (2006) discussed optimal decision making
	as accomplished by the drift diffusion model (DDM). The authors showed
	that neural inhibition models, such as the leaky competing accumulator
	model (LCA) and the feedforward inhibition model (FFI), can mimic
	the DDM and accomplish optimal decision making. Here we show that
	these conclusions depend on how the models handle negative activation
	values and (for the LCA) across-trial variability in response conservativeness.
	Negative neural activations are undesirable for both neurophysiological
	and mathematical reasons. However, when negative activations are
	truncated to 0, the equivalence to the DDM is lost. Simulations show
	that this concern has practical ramifications: The DDM generally
	outperforms truncated versions of the LCA and the FFI, and the parameter
	estimates from the neural models can no longer be mapped onto those
	of the DDM in a simple fashion. We show that for both models, truncation
	may be avoided by assuming a baseline activity for each accumulator.
	This solution allows the LCA to approximate the DDM and the FFI to
	be identical to the DDM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA,
	all rights reserved).},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Optimal decision making in neural inhibition
	models. - van Ravenzwaaij, Don; van der Maas, Han L J; Wagenmakers,
	Eric-Jan )




	 },
  doi = {10.1037/a0026275},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/van Ravenzwaaij, van der Maas, Wagenmakers - 2011 - Optimal decision making in neural inhibition models.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1939-1471},
  keywords = {10,1037,a0026275,doi,drift diffusion model,dx,exper-,feedforward inhibition
	model,from the end of,http,leaky competing accumulator model,model
	equivalence,org,phase planes,supp,supplemental materials,the 19th
	century until,the present day},
  pmid = {22103672},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103672}
}

@ARTICLE{RavenzwaaijOberauer09,
  author = {van Ravenzwaaij, Don and Oberauer, Klaus},
  title = {{How to use the diffusion model: Parameter recovery of three methods:
	EZ, fast-dm, and DMAT}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {463--473},
  number = {6},
  month = dec,
  annote = { From Duplicate 3 ( How to use the diffusion model: Parameter recovery
	of three methods: EZ, fast-dm, and DMAT - van Ravenzwaaij, Don; Oberauer,
	Klaus ) From Duplicate 1 ( How to use the diffusion model: Parameter
	recovery of three methods: EZ, fast-dm, and DMAT - van Ravenzwaaij,
	Don; Oberauer, Klaus ) },
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2009.09.004},
  file = {::},
  issn = {00222496},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022249609001187}
}

@ARTICLE{RayJenkinsonBrittainEtAl09,
  author = {Ray, N J and Jenkinson, N and Brittain, J and Holland, P and Joint,
	C and Nandi, D and Bain, P G and Yousif, N and Green, A and Stein,
	J S and Aziz, T Z},
  title = {{The role of the subthalamic nucleus in response inhibition: evidence
	from deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychologia},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {2828--34},
  number = {13},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {We measured reaction times during a stop-signal task while patients
	with Parkinson's disease were on and off unilateral deep brain stimulation
	(DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). While reaction times to a
	"go" stimulus improved, there was no change in reaction times to
	the "stop" stimulus (SSRTs). However, changes in SSRTs induced by
	DBS were highly dependent on baseline SSRTs (measured off stimulation),
	with the greatest improvements being achieved by those with particularly
	slow reaction times. We therefore selected only those patients whose
	baseline SSRTs were within the limits of a control sample (N=10).
	In this group, SSRTs became slower when DBS was on. This finding
	suggests a role for the STN in response inhibition, which can be
	interrupted by DBS, observable only when more general improvements
	in Parkinson's function are minimised. We also compared the effects
	of unilateral left and right sided stimulation. We found a greater
	increase in SSRTs after DBS of the left STN.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.011},
  issn = {1873-3514},
  keywords = {Aged,Case-Control Studies,Deep Brain Stimulation,Deep Brain Stimulation:
	psychology,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Humans,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Male,Middle Aged,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease:
	physiopathology,Parkinson Disease: psychology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Subthalamic
	Nucleus,Subthalamic Nucleus: physiopathology},
  pmid = {19540864},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.011}
}

@ARTICLE{Ray,
  author = {Ray, Soumya},
  title = {{Bayesian Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning}},
  pages = {1--9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ray - Unknown - Bayesian Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{RedgraveVautrelleReynolds11,
  author = {Redgrave, P and Vautrelle, N and Reynolds, J N J},
  title = {{Functional properties of the basal ganglia's re-entrant loop architecture:
	selection and reinforcement.}},
  journal = {Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Multifunctional agents with limited motor resources must decide what
	actions will best ensure their survival. Moreover, given that in
	an unpredictable world things don't always work out, considerable
	advantage is to be gained by learning from experience - instrumental
	behaviour that maximises reward and minimises punishment. In this
	review we will argue that the re-entrant looped architecture of the
	basal ganglia represents biological solutions to these fundamental
	behavioural problems of selection and reinforcement. A potential
	solution to the selection problem is provided for by selective disinhibition
	within the parallel loop architecture that connects the basal ganglia
	with external neural structures. The relay points within these loops
	permit the signals of a particular channel to be modified by external
	influences. In part, these influences have the capacity to modify
	overall selections so that the probability of re-selecting reinforced
	behaviours in the future is altered. This is the basic process of
	instrumental learning, which we suggest decomposes into two sub-problems
	for the agent: (i) learning which external events it causes to happen
	and learning precisely what it is doing that is causal; and (ii)
	having determined agency and discovered novel action-outcome routines,
	how best to exploit this knowledge to maximise future reward acquisitions.
	Considerations of connectional architecture and signal timing suggest
	that the short-latency, sensory-evoked dopamine response, which can
	modulate the re-entrant loop structure within the basal ganglia,
	is ideally suited to reinforce the determination of agency and the
	discovery of novel actions. Alternatively, recent studies showing
	that presence or absence of reward can selectively modulate the magnitude
	of signals in structures providing input signals to the basal ganglia,
	offer an alternative mechanism for biasing selection within the re-entrant
	loop architecture. We suggest that this mechanism may be better suited
	to ensure the prioritisation of inputs associated with reward.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.060},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Redgrave, Vautrelle, Reynolds - 2011 - Functional properties of the basal ganglia's re-entrant loop architecture selection and reinforcement.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-7544},
  keywords = {agency,basal ganglia,dopamine,reinforcement learning,selection,superior
	colliculus},
  pmid = {21821101},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21821101}
}

@ARTICLE{RegierNarrow09,
  author = {Regier, D and Narrow, W},
  title = {{The conceptual development of DSM-V}},
  journal = {American Journal of \ldots},
  year = {2009},
  url = {http://journals.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?Volume=166\&page=645\&journalID=13}
}

@ARTICLE{Rescorla06,
  author = {Rescorla, Robert a},
  title = {{Deepened extinction from compound stimulus presentation.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {135--44},
  number = {2},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Three experiments with rats and 2 with pigeons explored the effect
	of presenting 2 extinguished excitatory stimuli in compound. Four
	learning situations were used: Pavlovian magazine approach, Pavlovian
	fear conditioning, and instrumental discriminative instrumental learning
	in rats, as well as Pavlovian sign tracking in pigeons. All 5 experiments
	confirmed D. Reberg's (1972) observation that even after extinction
	of the individual stimuli, presenting them in compound evoked substantial
	responding. Moreover, nonreinforcement of that compound deepened
	extinction of an element more substantially than did additional presentation
	of that element alone. Such compound exposure reduced spontaneous
	recovery, reduced reinstatement, and slowed subsequent reconditioning.
	The primary determinant seemed to be the enhanced associative strength
	rather than the enhanced conditioned responding that occurred during
	the nonreinforced compound.},
  doi = {10.1037/0097-7403.32.2.135},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Rescorla - 2006 - Deepened extinction from compound stimulus presentation.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {0097-7403},
  keywords = {Animals,Association Learning,Columbidae,Conditioning, Classical,Discrimination
	Learning,Extinction, Psychological,Fear,Female,Field Dependence-Independence,Male,Perceptual
	Masking,Rats,Rats, Sprague-Dawley,Reinforcement (Psychology)},
  pmid = {16634656},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16634656}
}

@ARTICLE{Rescorla03,
  author = {Rescorla, Robert a},
  title = {{Contemporary study of Pavlovian conditioning.}},
  journal = {The Spanish journal of psychology},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {185--95},
  number = {2},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Pavlov's first report on conditioning emphasized its role in allowing
	the animal to adjust to its environment. Contemporary theories have
	seen this adjustment in terms of developing accurate knowledge of
	the environment. Three aspects of that thinking are explored: how
	the animal acquires initial knowledge, how it changes its knowledge
	when conditions of the world change, and how it makes use of multiple
	knowledge representations.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Rescorla - 2003 - Contemporary study of Pavlovian conditioning.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1138-7416},
  keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological,Animals,Conditioning, Classical,History,
	19th Century,History, 20th Century,History, 21st Century,Humans,Psychology,
	Experimental,Psychology, Experimental: history,Russia,Social Environment},
  pmid = {14628705},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628705}
}

@ARTICLE{Rescorla02,
  author = {Rescorla, Robert a},
  title = {{Comparison of the rates of associative change during acquisition
	and extinction.}},
  journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {406--415},
  number = {4},
  doi = {10.1037//0097-7403.28.4.406},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Rescorla - 2002 - Comparison of the rates of associative change during acquisition and extinction.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0097-7403},
  url = {http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/0097-7403.28.4.406}
}

@ARTICLE{Rescorla88,
  author = {Rescorla, Robert a},
  title = {{Pavlovian conditioning. It's not what you think it is.}},
  journal = {The American psychologist},
  year = {1988},
  volume = {43},
  pages = {151--60},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Rescorla - 1988 - Pavlovian conditioning. It's not what you think it is.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {0003-066X},
  keywords = {Animal,Animals,Behavior,Classical,Columbidae,Conditioning,Learning,Probability,Rats,Time
	Factors},
  pmid = {3364852},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14628705}
}

@ARTICLE{ResulajKianiWolpertEtAl09,
  author = {Resulaj, Arbora and Kiani, Roozbeh and Wolpert, Daniel M and Shadlen,
	Michael N},
  title = {{Changes of mind in decision-making}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {461},
  pages = {263--266},
  number = {7261},
  doi = {10.1038/nature08275},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Resulaj et al. - 2009 - Changes of mind in decision-making.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08275}
}

@ARTICLE{ReuterKathmann04,
  author = {Reuter, Benedikt and Kathmann, Norbert},
  title = {{Using saccade tasks as a tool to analyze executive dysfunctions
	in schizophrenia.}},
  journal = {Acta psychologica},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {115},
  pages = {255--69},
  number = {2-3},
  abstract = {Executive dysfunctions can be frequently observed in schizophrenia.
	They are more persistent than psychotic symptoms and are assumed
	to contribute to a variety of clinical signs of the disease. However,
	the cognitive mechanisms underlying dysexecutive behaviors are not
	yet understood. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how saccade
	tasks can be used to analyze the mechanisms involved in the dysexecutive
	syndrome of schizophrenic patients. There are numerous reports showing
	that schizophrenic patients make many unwanted reflexive saccades
	in the antisaccade task. These errors are usually explained by an
	impairment of a distinct inhibitory mechanism. However, unwanted
	reflexive saccades may also be secondary to a more fundamental deficit
	in activating goal-directed behavior. Recent theoretical and empirical
	approaches to this issue are reviewed and discussed. An integrative
	view of deficits in inhibition, goal-directed behavior, and working
	memory in schizophrenic patients is proposed.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2003.12.009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Reuter, Kathmann - 2004 - Using saccade tasks as a tool to analyze executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0001-6918},
  keywords = {Fixation,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Memory,Neurologic Examination,Ocular,Ocular
	Motility Disorders,Ocular Motility Disorders: physiopathology,Psychomotor
	Performance,Saccades,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia: physiopathology,Schizophrenic
	Psychology,Short-Term,Volition},
  pmid = {14962403},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962403}
}

@ARTICLE{Ridderinkhof02,
  author = {Ridderinkhof, K Richard},
  title = {{Micro- and macro-adjustments of task set: activation and suppression
	in conflict tasks.}},
  journal = {Psychological research},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {312--23},
  number = {4},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Macro- and micro-adjustment of task set was studied using distributional
	analyses of performance data (reaction time and accuracy) obtained
	in a new experiment using the Simon task. Macro-adjustments involved
	the long-term strategic modifications in response to the relative
	probability of conflict trials, while micro-adjustment involved trial-by-trial
	modifications invoked by the commission of incidental errors. These
	adjustments were examined in detail in distributional analyses of
	RT and accuracy, which have been shown to be particularly useful
	in studying the role of activation and suppression in conflict tasks.
	The modification of behavioral strategies incurred by the commission
	of errors and by the relative probability that the irrelevant location
	corresponded to the incorrect response was found to involve a reduced
	location-driven direct response activation (as reflected in the early
	portions of the delta plots for accuracy) and a stronger selective
	suppression of that direct activation (as reflected in the delta
	plot slopes for RT). When the probability of conflict trials was
	high, the effects of irrelevant location were already precluded by
	macro-adjustment, so that error commission had no further micro-adjustment
	effect on subsequent behavior. These patterns were not disclosed
	by analysis of overall performance.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00426-002-0104-7},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ridderinkhof - 2002 - Micro- and macro-adjustments of task set activation and suppression in conflict tasks.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ridderinkhof - 2002 - Micro- and macro-adjustments of task set activation and suppression in conflict tasks.html:html},
  issn = {0340-0727},
  keywords = {Analysis of Variance,Cognition,Conflict (Psychology),Female,Humans,Male,Models,Psychological,Reaction
	Time,Set (Psychology),response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition},
  pmid = {12466928},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12466928 http://academic.research.microsoft.com/Publication/2054125/activation-and-suppression-in-conflict-tasks-empirical-clarification-through-distributional http://dare.uva.nl/record/122002}
}

@ARTICLE{RidderinkhofForstmannWylieEtAl11,
  author = {Ridderinkhof, K Richard and Forstmann, Birte U. and Wylie, Scott
	a. and Burle, Bor\'{\i}s and van den Wildenberg, Wery P. M. and {Richard
	Ridderinkhof}, K.},
  title = {{Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control: resisting the call
	of the Sirens}},
  journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {174--192},
  number = {2},
  month = mar,
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control:
	resisting the call of the Sirens - Ridderinkhof, K Richard; Forstmann,
	Birte U.; Wylie, Scott a.; Burle, Bor\'{\i}s; van den Wildenberg,
	Wery P M )

	 Review with similar conclusions to ours regarding pre-SMA being controlled
	by DLPFC and BG stopping responding until conflict is resolved.


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control: resisting
	the call of the Sirens - Ridderinkhof, K Richard; Forstmann, Birte
	U.; Wylie, Scott a.; Burle, Bor\'{\i}s; van den Wildenberg, Wery
	P. M.; Richard Ridderinkhof, K. )


	 From Duplicate 3 ( Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control: resisting
	the call of the Sirens - Ridderinkhof, K Richard; Forstmann, Birte
	U.; Wylie, Scott a.; Burle, Bor\'{\i}s; van den Wildenberg, Wery
	P. M.; Richard Ridderinkhof, K. )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control: resisting
	the call of the Sirens - Ridderinkhof, K Richard; Forstmann, Birte
	U.; Wylie, Scott a.; Burle, Bor\'{\i}s; van den Wildenberg, Wery
	P. M. ) And Duplicate 2 ( Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control:
	resisting the call of the Sirens - Ridderinkhof, K Richard; Forstmann,
	Birte U.; Wylie, Scott a.; Burle, Bor\'{\i}s; van den Wildenberg,
	Wery P. M. ) And Duplicate 3 ( Neurocognitive mechanisms of action
	control: resisting the call of the Sirens - Richard Ridderinkhof,
	K.; Forstmann, Birte U.; Wylie, Scott a.; Burle, Bor\'{\i}s; van
	den Wildenberg, Wery P. M. )




	 From Duplicate 4 ( Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control: resisting
	the call of the Sirens - Ridderinkhof, K Richard; Forstmann, Birte
	U.; Wylie, Scott a.; Burle, Bor\'{\i}s; van den Wildenberg, Wery
	P M )

	 Review with similar conclusions to ours regarding pre-SMA being controlled
	by DLPFC and BG stopping responding until conflict is resolved.






	 },
  doi = {10.1002/wcs.99},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ridderinkhof et al. - 2011 - Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control resisting the call of the Sirens(2).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ridderinkhof et al. - 2011 - Neurocognitive mechanisms of action control resisting the call of the Sirens.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {19395078},
  keywords = {flanker,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {flanker,response inhibition},
  url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/wcs.99}
}

@ARTICLE{RidderinkhofScheresOosterlaanEtAl05,
  author = {Ridderinkhof, K Richard and Scheres, Anouk and Oosterlaan, Jaap and
	Sergeant, Joseph a},
  title = {{Delta plots in the study of individual differences: new tools reveal
	response inhibition deficits in AD/Hd that are eliminated by methylphenidate
	treatment.}},
  journal = {Journal of abnormal psychology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {114},
  pages = {197--215},
  number = {2},
  month = may,
  abstract = {The authors highlight the utility of distribution-analytical techniques
	in the study of individual differences and clinical disorders. Cognitive
	deficits associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
	(AD/HD) were examined by using delta-plot analyses of performance
	data (reaction time and accuracy) obtained through the use of a prototypical
	conflict task, the Eriksen flanker task. In 20 children with AD/HD
	(compared with matched control participants), overall performance
	measures indicated a marginal performance deficit. Delta-plot analyses
	indicated that performance deficits associated with AD/HD involve
	response inhibition but not automatic response activation. In a within-subjects
	titration study, the response inhibition deficit was eliminated by
	methylphenidate treatment, but these effects were highly dose specific.
	The beneficial effect of methylphenidate was clarified further after
	correcting for inter-individual variation in sensitivity to medicine
	dosage.},
  doi = {10.1037/0021-843X.114.2.197},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ridderinkhof et al. - 2005 - Delta plots in the study of individual differences new tools reveal response inhibition deficits in ADHd that are eliminated by methylphenidate treatment.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0021-843X},
  keywords = {Attention,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity,Attention
	Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dru,Attention: drug effects,Central
	Nervous System Stimulants,Central Nervous System Stimulants: pharmacology,Central
	Nervous System Stimulants: therapeutic use,Child,Cross-Over Studies,Dose-Response
	Relationship, Drug,Drug Administration Schedule,Humans,Individuality,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Male,Methylphenidate,Methylphenidate: pharmacology,Methylphenidate:
	therapeutic use,Models, Statistical,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: drug effects,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: drug effects,Task
	Performance and Analysis,Treatment Outcome},
  pmid = {15869351},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15869351}
}

@ARTICLE{RidderinkhofWijnen11,
  author = {Ridderinkhof, K Richard and Wijnen, Jasper G},
  title = {{More than Meets the Eye: Age Differences in the Capture and Suppression
	of Oculomotor Action.}},
  journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {267},
  number = {October},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Salient visual stimuli capture attention and trigger an eye-movement
	toward its location reflexively, regardless of an observer's intentions.
	Here we aim to investigate the effect of aging (1) on the extent
	to which salient yet task-irrelevant stimuli capture saccades, and
	(2) on the ability to selectively suppress such oculomotor responses.
	Young and older adults were asked to direct their eyes to a target
	appearing in a stimulus array. Analysis of overall performance shows
	that saccades to the target object were disrupted by the appearance
	of a task-irrelevant abrupt-onset distractor when the location of
	this distractor did not coincide with that of the target object.
	Conditional capture function analyses revealed that, compared to
	young adults, older adults were more susceptible to oculomotor capture,
	and exhibited deficient selective suppression of the responses captured
	by task-irrelevant distractors. These effects were uncorrelated,
	suggesting two independent sources off age-related decline. Thus,
	with advancing age, salient visual distractors become more distracting;
	in part because they trigger reflexive eye-movements more potently;
	in part because of failing top-down control over such reflexes. The
	fact that these process-specific age effects remained concealed in
	overall oculomotor performance analyses emphasizes the utility of
	looking beyond the surface; indeed, there may be more than meets
	the eye.},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00267},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ridderinkhof, Wijnen - 2011 - More than Meets the Eye Age Differences in the Capture and Suppression of Oculomotor Action.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1664-1078},
  keywords = {aging,distributional analysis,inhibitory control,oculomotor capture,oculomotor
	capture, inhibitory control, saccades, ,saccades},
  pmid = {22046165},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22046165}
}

@ARTICLE{RidderinkhofWildenbergSegalowitzEtAl04,
  author = {Ridderinkhof, K Richard and van den Wildenberg, Wery P M and Segalowitz,
	Sidney J and Carter, Cameron S},
  title = {{Neurocognitive mechanisms of cognitive control: the role of prefrontal
	cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring,
	and reward-based learning.}},
  journal = {Brain and cognition},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {129--40},
  number = {2},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Convergent evidence highlights the differential contributions of various
	regions of the prefrontal cortex in the service of cognitive control,
	but little is understood about how the brain determines and communicates
	the need to recruit cognitive control, and how such signals instigate
	the implementation of appropriate performance adjustments. Here we
	review recent progress from cognitive neuroscience in examining some
	of the main constituent processes of cognitive control as involved
	in dynamic decision making: goal-directed action selection, response
	activation and inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based
	learning. Medial frontal cortex is found to be involved in performance
	monitoring: evaluating outcome vis-a-vis expectancy, and detecting
	performance errors or conflicting response tendencies. Lateral and
	orbitofrontal divisions of prefrontal cortex are involved in subsequently
	implementing appropriate adjustments.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.016},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ridderinkhof et al. - 2004 - Neurocognitive mechanisms of cognitive control the role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0278-2626},
  keywords = {Animals,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Decision Making,Decision Making:
	physiology,Goals,Haplorhini,Humans,Learning,Learning: physiology,Motivation,Prefrontal
	Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reward},
  pmid = {15518930},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15518930}
}

@ARTICLE{RinckBecker05,
  author = {Rinck, Mike and Becker, Eni S},
  title = {{A comparison of attentional biases and memory biases in women with
	social phobia and major depression.}},
  journal = {Journal of abnormal psychology},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {114},
  pages = {62--74},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Cognitive processes play an important role in the etiology and maintenance
	of anxiety and depression. Current theories differ, however, in their
	predictions regarding the occurrence of attentional biases and memory
	biases in depression and anxiety. To allow for a systematic comparison
	of disorders and cognitive processes, 117 women (35 with generalized
	social phobia, 27 with major depression, and 55 healthy controls)
	participated in a test of visual attention (visual search), an explicit
	memory test (free recall), and an implicit memory test (anagram solving).
	Both clinical groups exhibited attentional biases for disorder-related
	words, whereas only depressed participants showed clear evidence
	of explicit and implicit memory biases. The implications of these
	results for competing theories are discussed.},
  doi = {10.1037/0021-843X.114.1.62},
  issn = {0021-843X},
  keywords = {Adult,Attention,Depressive Disorder, Major,Depressive Disorder, Major:
	diagnosis,Depressive Disorder, Major: epidemiology,Diagnostic and
	Statistical Manual of Mental Disord,Female,Humans,Memory Disorders,Memory
	Disorders: diagnosis,Memory Disorders: epidemiology,Phobic Disorders,Phobic
	Disorders: diagnosis,Phobic Disorders: epidemiology,Psychological
	Theory,Questionnaires,Reaction Time,Severity of Illness Index,Visual
	Perception},
  language = {en},
  pmid = {15709813},
  url = {http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/15709813/reload=0}
}

@ARTICLE{RobbinsGillanSmithEtAl12,
  author = {Robbins, Trevor W and Gillan, Claire M and Smith, Dana G and de Wit,
	Sanne and Ersche, Karen D},
  title = {{Neurocognitive endophenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity: towards
	dimensional psychiatry.}},
  journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {81--91},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {A key criticism of the main diagnostic tool in psychiatry, the Diagnostic
	and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-IV), is that
	it lacks a biological footing. In this article, we argue for a biological
	approach to psychiatry based on 'neurocognitive endophenotypes',
	whereby changes in behavioural or cognitive processes are associated
	with discrete deficits in defined neural systems. We focus on the
	constructs of impulsivity and compulsivity as key examples of the
	approach and discuss their possible cross-diagnostic significance,
	applying them to co-morbidities and commonalities across a range
	of disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance
	dependence, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders).
	We argue that this approach has important implications for the future
	classification of psychiatric disorders, genetics and therapeutics.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//Robbins et al. - 2012 - Neurocognitive endophenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity towards dimensional psychiatry.pdf:pdf;::},
  issn = {1879-307X},
  keywords = {Biological Psychiatry,Compulsive Behavior,Diagnostic and Statistical
	Manual of Mental Disord,Eating Disorders,Eating Disorders: diagnosis,Endophenotypes,Humans,Impulsive
	Behavior,Neurobiology,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,Obsessive-Compulsive
	Disorder: classification,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: diagnosis,Substance-Related
	Disorders,Substance-Related Disorders: diagnosis},
  pmid = {22155014},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22155014}
}

@ARTICLE{RoitmanShadlen02,
  author = {Roitman, JD and Shadlen, MN},
  title = {{Response of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area during a combined visual discrimination reaction time task}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience},
  year = {2002},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/21/9475.short}
}

@article{Plummer08,
  title={Penalized loss functions for Bayesian model comparison},
  author={Plummer, Martyn},
  journal={Biostatistics},
  volume={9},
  number={3},
  pages={523--539},
  year={2008},
  publisher={Biometrika Trust}
}

@ARTICLE{RorieGaoMcClellandEtAl10,
  author = {Rorie, Alan E and Gao, Juan and McClelland, James L and Newsome,
	William T},
  title = {{Integration of sensory and reward information during perceptual
	decision-making in lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) of the macaque
	monkey.}},
  journal = {PloS one},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {e9308},
  number = {2},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Single neurons in cortical area LIP are known to carry information
	relevant to both sensory and value-based decisions that are reported
	by eye movements. It is not known, however, how sensory and value
	information are combined in LIP when individual decisions must be
	based on a combination of these variables. To investigate this issue,
	we conducted behavioral and electrophysiological experiments in rhesus
	monkeys during performance of a two-alternative, forced-choice discrimination
	of motion direction (sensory component). Monkeys reported each decision
	by making an eye movement to one of two visual targets associated
	with the two possible directions of motion. We introduced choice
	biases to the monkeys' decision process (value component) by randomly
	interleaving balanced reward conditions (equal reward value for the
	two choices) with unbalanced conditions (one alternative worth twice
	as much as the other). The monkeys' behavior, as well as that of
	most LIP neurons, reflected the influence of all relevant variables:
	the strength of the sensory information, the value of the target
	in the neuron's response field, and the value of the target outside
	the response field. Overall, detailed analysis and computer simulation
	reveal that our data are consistent with a two-stage drift diffusion
	model proposed by Diederich and Bussmeyer for the effect of payoffs
	in the context of sensory discrimination tasks. Initial processing
	of payoff information strongly influences the starting point for
	the accumulation of sensory evidence, while exerting little if any
	effect on the rate of accumulation of sensory evidence.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0009308},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Rorie et al. - 2010 - Integration of sensory and reward information during perceptual decision-making in lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) of the macaque monkey.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  keywords = {Algorithms,Animals,Choice Behavior,Choice Behavior: physiology,Computer
	Simulation,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Discrimination
	(Psychology),Discrimination (Psychology): physiology,Eye Movements,Eye
	Movements: physiology,Macaca mulatta,Macaca mulatta: physiology,Macaca
	mulatta: psychology,Models, Neurological,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe:
	cytology,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reward,Sensory Receptor Cells,Sensory
	Receptor Cells: physiology},
  pmid = {20174574},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2824817\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{RossSherrillStern11,
  author = {Ross, Robert S and Sherrill, Katherine R and Stern, Chantal E},
  title = {{The hippocampus is functionally connected to the striatum and orbitofrontal
	cortex during context dependent decision making.}},
  journal = {Brain research},
  year = {2011},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {Many of our everyday actions are only appropriate in certain situations
	and selecting the appropriate behavior requires that we use current
	context and previous experience to guide our decisions. The current
	study examined hippocampal functional connectivity with prefrontal
	and striatal regions during a task that required participants to
	make decisions based on the contextual retrieval of overlapping sequential
	representations. Participants learned four sequences comprised of
	six faces each. An overlapping condition was created by having two
	sequences with two identical faces as the middle images. A non-overlapping
	condition contained two sequences that did not share any faces between
	them. Hippocampal functional connectivity was assessed during the
	presentation period and at the critical choice, where participants
	had to make a contextually dependent decision. The left hippocampus
	showed significantly increased functional connectivity with dorsal
	and ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex during the presentation
	period of the overlapping compared to the non-overlapping condition
	after participants knew the sequences. At the critical choice point
	of the overlapping condition, the left hippocampus showed stronger
	functional connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex. These functional
	connectivity results suggest that the hippocampus may play a role
	in decision making by predicting the possibilities of what might
	come next, allowing orbitofrontal and striatal regions to evaluate
	the expected choice options in order to make the correct action at
	the choice point.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2011.09.038},
  issn = {1872-6240},
  pmid = {22000080},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22000080}
}

@ARTICLE{Rudolph11,
  author = {Rudolph, Konrad},
  title = {{The minted package : A T X ∗ Highlighted source code in L E}},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {1--19},
  file = {:home/whyking/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Rudolph - 2011 - The minted package A T X ∗ Highlighted source code in L E.pdf:pdf}
}

@BOOK{Ruscio07,
  title = {{Taxometric Analysis: An Empirically Grounded Approach to Implementing
	the Method}},
  year = {2007},
  author = {Ruscio, J.},
  volume = {34},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1588--1622},
  month = dec,
  booktitle = {Criminal Justice and Behavior},
  doi = {10.1177/0093854807307027},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ruscio - 2007 - Taxometric Analysis An Empirically Grounded Approach to Implementing the Method.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {0093854807307},
  issn = {0093-8548},
  url = {http://cjb.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0093854807307027}
}

@ARTICLE{SahakianMallochKennard10,
  author = {Sahakian, Barbara J and Malloch, Gavin and Kennard, Christopher},
  title = {{A UK strategy for mental health and wellbeing.}},
  journal = {Lancet},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {375},
  pages = {1854--5},
  number = {9729},
  month = may,
  abstract = {Mental ill-health is more widespread than many realise, with 16\%
	of adults in the UK having a common mental disorder, such as depression,
	at any one time. 1 Nearly 10\% of children aged 5—16 years have
	a clinically diagnosable mental health problem which can often persist
	into adult life. 2 In addition to the distress to individuals and
	their families, mental health problems are also an enormous financial
	burden to society and the economy. 3 To ensure an economically competitive
	and flourishing society ...},
  doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60817-3},
  issn = {1474-547X},
  keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Biomedical Research,Child,Child, Preschool,Great
	Britain,Health Promotion,Humans,Mental Disorders,Mental Disorders:
	prevention \& control,Mental Disorders: therapy,Mental Health},
  pmid = {20511002},
  url = {http://www.thelancet.com/journals/a/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)60817-3/fulltext}
}

@ARTICLE{SahinPinkerCashEtAl09,
  author = {Sahin, Ned T and Pinker, Steven and Cash, Sydney S and Schomer, Donald
	and Halgren, Eric},
  title = {{Sequential processing of lexical, grammatical, and phonological
	information within Broca's area.}},
  journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {326},
  pages = {445--9},
  number = {5951},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Words, grammar, and phonology are linguistically distinct, yet their
	neural substrates are difficult to distinguish in macroscopic brain
	regions. We investigated whether they can be separated in time and
	space at the circuit level using intracranial electrophysiology (ICE),
	namely by recording local field potentials from populations of neurons
	using electrodes implanted in language-related brain regions while
	people read words verbatim or grammatically inflected them (present/past
	or singular/plural). Neighboring probes within Broca's area revealed
	distinct neuronal activity for lexical (approximately 200 milliseconds),
	grammatical (approximately 320 milliseconds), and phonological (approximately
	450 milliseconds) processing, identically for nouns and verbs, in
	a region activated in the same patients and task in functional magnetic
	resonance imaging. This suggests that a linguistic processing sequence
	predicted on computational grounds is implemented in the brain in
	fine-grained spatiotemporally patterned activity.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1174481},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sahin et al. - 2009 - Sequential processing of lexical, grammatical, and phonological information within Broca's area.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Electrodes, Implanted,Electrophysiological Phenomena,Epilepsy,Epilepsy:
	physiopathology,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,Language,Linguistics,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Mental Processes,Mental Processes: physiology,Middle
	Aged,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Speech,Speech: physiology,Time Factors},
  pmid = {19833971},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833971}
}

@ARTICLE{SanderSoperEverling10,
  author = {Sander, Victor and Soper, Brian and Everling, Stefan},
  title = {{Nonhuman primate event-related potentials associated with pro- and
	anti-saccades.}},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {1650--8},
  number = {2},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Non-invasive event-related potential (ERP) recordings have become
	a popular technique to study neural activity associated with saccades
	in humans. To date, it is not known whether nonhuman primates exhibit
	similar saccade-related ERPs. Here, we recorded ERPs associated with
	the performance of randomly interleaved pro- and anti-saccades in
	macaque monkeys. Stimulus-aligned ERPs showed short-latency visual
	component with more negative P2 and N2 peak amplitudes on anti- than
	on pro-saccade trials. Saccade-aligned ERPs showed a larger presaccadic
	negativity on anti- than pro-saccade trials, and a presaccadic positivity
	on pro-saccade trials, which was attenuated or absent on anti-saccade
	trials. This was followed by sharp negative spike potential immediately
	prior to the movement. Overall, these findings demonstrate that macaque
	monkeys, like humans, exhibit task-related differences of visual
	ERPs associated with pro- and anti-saccades and furthermore share
	presaccadic positivity as well as a spike potential prior to these
	tasks. We suggest that the presaccadic positivity on pro-saccade
	trials is generated by a source in the contralateral frontal eye
	fields and that the more negative voltage on anti-saccade trials
	is the result of additional sources of opposite polarity in neighboring
	frontal areas.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.038},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sander, Soper, Everling - 2010 - Nonhuman primate event-related potentials associated with pro- and anti-saccades.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9572},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain,Brain: physiology,Electrodes, Implanted,Electroencephalography,Evoked
	Potentials,Evoked Potentials, Visual,Macaca mulatta,Male,Photic Stimulation,Reaction
	Time,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Time Factors,Visual Perception,Visual
	Perception: physiology},
  pmid = {19782142},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19782142}
}

@ARTICLE{SatoSchall03,
  author = {Sato, Takashi R and Schall, Jeffrey D},
  title = {{Effects of stimulus-response compatibility on neural selection in
	frontal eye field.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {637--48},
  number = {4},
  month = may,
  abstract = {We investigated the neural basis of visual and saccade selection in
	the frontal eye field of macaque monkeys using a singleton search
	task with prosaccade or antisaccade responses. Two types of neurons
	were distinguished. The first initially selected the singleton even
	in antisaccade trials, although most subsequently selected the endpoint
	of the saccade. The time the singleton was located was not affected
	by stimulus-response compatibility and did not vary with reaction
	time across trials. The second type of neuron selected only the endpoint
	of the saccade. The time of endpoint selection by these neurons accounted
	for most of the effect of stimulus-response compatibility on reaction
	time. These results indicate that visual selection and saccade selection
	are different processes.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sato, Schall - 2003 - Effects of stimulus-response compatibility on neural selection in frontal eye field.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0896-6273},
  keywords = {Animals,Attention,Attention: physiology,Brain Mapping,FEF,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: cytology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Macaca radiata,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Orientation,Orientation: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,SEF,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Visual
	Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception:
	physiology,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {FEF,SEF,response inhibition},
  pmid = {12765614},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12765614}
}

@ARTICLE{ScangosStuphorn10,
  author = {Scangos, Katherine Wilson and Stuphorn, Veit},
  title = {{Medial frontal cortex motivates but does not control movement initiation
	in the countermanding task.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {1968--82},
  number = {5},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Voluntary control of behavior implies the ability to select what action
	is performed. The supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA are
	widely considered to be of central importance for this ability because
	of their role in movement initiation and inhibition. To test this
	hypothesis, we recorded from neurons in SMA and pre-SMA of monkeys
	performing an arm countermanding task. Temporal analysis of neural
	activity and behavior in this task allowed us to test whether neural
	activity is sufficient to control movement initiation or inhibition.
	Surprisingly, 99\% (242 of 243) of movement-related neurons in SMA
	and pre-SMA failed to exhibit time-locked activity changes predictive
	of movement initiation in this task. We also found a second group
	of neurons that was more active during successful response cancelation.
	Of these putative inhibitory cells, 18\% (7 of 40) responded early
	enough to be able to influence the cancelation of the movement. Thus,
	when tested with the countermanding task, the SMA/pre-SMA region
	may play a role in movement inhibition but does not appear to control
	movement initiation. However, the activity of 76\% (202 of 267) of
	movement-related neurons was contingent on the expectation of reward
	and 42\% of them reflected the amount of expected reward. These findings
	suggest that the movement-related activity in pre-SMA and SMA might
	represent the motivation for a specific action but does not determine
	whether or not that action is performed. This motivational signal
	in pre-SMA and SMA could provide an essential link between reward
	expectation and motor execution.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( Medial frontal cortex motivates but does not
	control movement initiation in the countermanding task. - Scangos,
	Katherine Wilson; Stuphorn, Veit )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Medial frontal cortex motivates but does not control
	movement initiation in the countermanding task. - Scangos, Katherine
	Wilson; Stuphorn, Veit )






	 },
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4509-09.2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Scangos, Stuphorn - 2010 - Medial frontal cortex motivates but does not control movement initiation in the countermanding task.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Animals,Arm,Arm: physiology,Electromyography,Eye Movements,Eye Movements:
	physiology,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Goals,Macaca mulatta,Motivation,Motivation:
	physiology,Movement,Movement: physiology,Muscle,Neural Inhibition,Neural
	Inhibition: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Reaction Time,Reward,Skeletal,Skeletal:
	physiology},
  pmid = {20130204},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20130204}
}

@ARTICLE{Schall09,
  author = {Schall, Jeffrey D},
  title = {{Frontal Eye Fields Higher Level Structures}},
  journal = {Vision Research},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {8--13},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Schall - 2009 - Frontal Eye Fields Higher Level Structures.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {9783540296782},
  keywords = {FEF},
  mendeley-tags = {FEF}
}

@ARTICLE{SchallPurcellHeitzEtAl11,
  author = {Schall, Jeffrey D and Purcell, Braden a and Heitz, Richard P and
	Logan, Gordon D and Palmeri, Thomas J},
  title = {{Neural mechanisms of saccade target selection: gated accumulator
	model of the visual-motor cascade.}},
  journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {1991--2002},
  number = {11},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {We review a new computational model developed to understand how evidence
	about stimulus salience in visual search is translated into a saccade
	command. The model uses the activity of visually responsive neurons
	in the frontal eye field as evidence for stimulus salience that is
	accumulated in a network of stochastic accumulators to produce accurate
	and timely saccades. We discovered that only when the input to the
	accumulation process was gated could the model account for the variability
	in search performance and predict the dynamics of movement neuron
	discharge rates. This union of cognitive modeling and neurophysiology
	indicates how the visual-motor transformation can occur, and provides
	a concrete mapping between neuron function and specific cognitive
	processes.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07715.x},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1460-9568},
  keywords = {accumulator models,decision making,frontal eye field,saccade target
	selection,visuomotor transformation},
  pmid = {21645095},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3111938\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{ScheibehenneRieskampWagenmakers12,
  author = {Scheibehenne, Benjamin and Rieskamp, J\"{o}rg and Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan},
  title = {{Testing Adaptive Toolbox Models: A Bayesian Hierarchical Approach.}},
  journal = {Psychological review},
  year = {2012},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Many theories of human cognition postulate that people are equipped
	with a repertoire of strategies to solve the tasks they face. This
	theoretical framework of a cognitive toolbox provides a plausible
	account of intra- and interindividual differences in human behavior.
	Unfortunately, it is often unclear how to rigorously test the toolbox
	framework. How can a toolbox model be quantitatively specified? How
	can the number of toolbox strategies be limited to prevent uncontrolled
	strategy sprawl? How can a toolbox model be formally tested against
	alternative theories? The authors show how these challenges can be
	met by using Bayesian inference techniques. By means of parameter
	recovery simulations and the analysis of empirical data across a
	variety of domains (i.e., judgment and decision making, children's
	cognitive development, function learning, and perceptual categorization),
	the authors illustrate how Bayesian inference techniques allow toolbox
	models to be quantitatively specified, strategy sprawl to be contained,
	and toolbox models to be rigorously tested against competing theories.
	The authors demonstrate that their approach applies at the individual
	level but can also be generalized to the group level with hierarchical
	Bayesian procedures. The suggested Bayesian inference techniques
	represent a theoretical and methodological advancement for toolbox
	theories of cognition and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
	2012 APA, all rights reserved).},
  doi = {10.1037/a0030777},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Scheibehenne, Rieskamp, Wagenmakers - 2012 - Testing Adaptive Toolbox Models A Bayesian Hierarchical Approach.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1939-1471},
  keywords = {10,1037,a0030777,bayes factor,bayesian statistics,classic proverb
	that many,cognitive strategies,doi,dx,http,in line with the,mixture
	models,org,people may use various,roads lead to rome,strategies or
	cognitive tools,supp,supplemental materials,to deal with},
  pmid = {23205889},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23205889}
}

@ARTICLE{SchilmanKlavirWinterEtAl10,
  author = {Schilman, Eduardo a and Klavir, Oded and Winter, Christine and Sohr,
	Reinhard and Joel, Daphna},
  title = {{The role of the striatum in compulsive behavior in intact and orbitofrontal-cortex-lesioned
	rats: possible involvement of the serotonergic system.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College
	of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {1026--39},
  number = {4},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {In the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive-compulsive disorder
	(OCD), 'compulsive' behavior is induced by attenuating a signal indicating
	that a lever-press response was effective in producing food. We have
	recently found that lesions to the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
	led to an increase in compulsive lever-pressing that was prevented
	by systemic administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
	paroxetine, and paralleled by an increase in the density of the striatal
	serotonin transporter. This study further explored the interaction
	between the OFC, the striatum, and the serotonergic system in the
	production of compulsive lever-pressing. Experiment 1 revealed that
	OFC lesions decrease the content of serotonin, dopamine, glutamate,
	and GABA in the striatum. Experiment 2 showed that intrastriatal
	administration of paroxetine blocked OFC lesion-induced increased
	compulsivity, but did not affect compulsive responding in intact
	rats. Experiments 3 and 4 found that pre-training striatal lesions
	had no effect on compulsive lever-pressing, whereas post-training
	striatal inactivation exerted an anticompulsive effect. These results
	strongly implicate the striatum in the expression of compulsive lever-pressing
	in both intact and OFC-lesioned rats. Furthermore, the results support
	the possibility that in a subpopulation of OCD patients a primary
	pathology of the OFC leads to a dysregulation of the striatal serotonergic
	system, which is manifested in compulsive behavior, and that antiobsessional/anticompulsive
	drugs exerts their effects, in these patients, by normalizing the
	dysfunctional striatal serotonergic system.},
  doi = {10.1038/npp.2009.208},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Schilman et al. - 2010 - The role of the striatum in compulsive behavior in intact and orbitofrontal-cortex-lesioned rats possible involvement of the serotonergic system.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1740-634X},
  keywords = {Animals,Compulsive Behavior,Compulsive Behavior: drug therapy,Compulsive
	Behavior: pathology,Conditioning, Operant,Conditioning, Operant:
	drug effects,Conditioning, Operant: physiology,Corpus Striatum,Corpus
	Striatum: drug effects,Corpus Striatum: physiopathology,Disease Models,
	Animal,Extinction, Psychological,Extinction, Psychological: drug
	effects,Feeding Behavior,Feeding Behavior: drug effects,Feeding Behavior:
	physiology,GABA Agonists,GABA Agonists: administration \& dosage,Male,Microinjections,Microinjections:
	methods,Muscimol,Muscimol: administration \& dosage,Neurotransmitter
	Agents,Neurotransmitter Agents: metabolism,Paroxetine,Paroxetine:
	therapeutic use,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: injuries,Prefrontal
	Cortex: physiology,Rats,Rats, Sprague-Dawley,Reward,Serotonin Uptake
	Inhibitors,Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors: pharmacology,Serotonin Uptake
	Inhibitors: therapeutic use},
  pmid = {20072118},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20072118}
}

@ARTICLE{SchlagSchlag-Rey87,
  author = {Schlag, J. and Schlag-Rey, M.},
  title = {{Evidence for a supplementary eye field}},
  journal = {J Neurophysiol},
  year = {1987},
  volume = {57},
  pages = {179--200},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  url = {http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/179}
}

@ARTICLE{Schlag-ReyAmadorSanchezEtAl97,
  author = {Schlag-Rey, M and Amador, N and Sanchez, H and Schlag, J},
  title = {{Antisaccade performance predicted by neuronal activity in the supplementary
	eye field.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {1997},
  volume = {390},
  pages = {398--401},
  number = {6658},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {The voluntary control of gaze implies the ability to make saccadic
	eye movements specified by abstract instructions, as well as the
	ability to repress unwanted orientating to sudden stimuli. Both of
	these abilities are challenged in the antisaccade task, because it
	requires subjects to look at an unmarked location opposite to a flashed
	stimulus, without glancing at it. Performance on this task depends
	on the frontal/prefrontal cortex and related structures, but the
	neuronal operations underlying antisaccades are not understood. It
	is not known, for example, how excited visual neurons that normally
	trigger a saccade to a target (a prosaccade) can activate oculomotor
	neurons directing gaze in the opposite direction. Visual neurons
	might, perhaps, alter their receptive fields depending on whether
	they receive a pro- or antisaccade instruction. If the receptive
	field is not altered, the antisaccade goal must be computed and imposed
	from the top down to the appropriate oculomotor neurons. Here we
	show, using recordings from the supplementary eye field (a frontal
	cortex oculomotor centre) in monkeys, that visual and movement neurons
	retain the same spatial selectivity across randomly mixed pro- and
	antisaccade trials. However, these neurons consistently fire more
	before antisaccades than prosaccades with the same trajectories,
	suggesting a mechanism through which voluntary antisaccade commands
	can override reflexive glances.},
  doi = {10.1038/37114},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Schlag-Rey et al. - 1997 - Antisaccade performance predicted by neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  keywords = {Animals,Fixation, Ocular,Macaca mulatta,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex:
	physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor
	Performance,SEF,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,ephys},
  mendeley-tags = {SEF,ephys},
  pmid = {9389478},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9389478}
}

@ARTICLE{Schlag-ReySchlag84,
  author = {Schlag-Rey, M. and Schlag, J.},
  title = {{Visuomotor functions of central thalamus in monkey. I. Unit activity
	related to spontaneous eye movements}},
  journal = {J Neurophysiol},
  year = {1984},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {1149--1174},
  number = {6},
  month = jun,
  url = {http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/51/6/1149}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{SchmidtLeventhalPettiboneEtAl12,
  author = {Schmidt, Robert and Leventhal, Daniel and Pettibone, Jeff and Case,
	Alaina and Berke, Joshua},
  title = {{Suppressing Actions in the Basal Ganglia}},
  booktitle = {The 9th annual Computational and Systems Neuroscience meeting},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {139},
  keywords = {response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition}
}

@ARTICLE{SchuchtMoritz-GasserHerbetEtAl12,
  author = {Schucht, Philippe and Moritz-Gasser, Sylvie and Herbet, Guillaume
	and Raabe, Andreas and Duffau, Hugues},
  title = {{Subcortical electrostimulation to identify network subserving motor
	control.}},
  journal = {Human brain mapping},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {00},
  number = {December 2011},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Objectives: Recent anatomical-functional studies have transformed
	our understanding of cerebral motor control away from a hierarchical
	structure and toward parallel and interconnected specialized circuits.
	Subcortical electrical stimulation during awake surgery provides
	a unique opportunity to identify white matter tracts involved in
	motor control. For the first time, this study reports the findings
	on motor modulatory responses evoked by subcortical stimulation and
	investigates the cortico-subcortical connectivity of cerebral motor
	control. Experimental design: Twenty-one selected patients were operated
	while awake for frontal, insular, and parietal diffuse low-grade
	gliomas. Subcortical electrostimulation mapping was used to search
	for interference with voluntary movements. The corresponding stimulation
	sites were localized on brain schemas using the anterior and posterior
	commissures method. Principal observations: Subcortical negative
	motor responses were evoked in 20/21 patients, whereas acceleration
	of voluntary movements and positive motor responses were observed
	in three and five patients, respectively. The majority of the stimulation
	sites were detected rostral of the corticospinal tract near the vertical
	anterior-commissural line, and additional sites were seen in the
	frontal and parietal white matter. Conclusions: The diverse interferences
	with motor function resulting in inhibition and acceleration imply
	a modulatory influence of the detected fiber network. The subcortical
	stimulation sites were distributed veil-like, anterior to the primary
	motor fibers, suggesting descending pathways originating from premotor
	areas known for negative motor response characteristics. Further
	stimulation sites in the parietal white matter as well as in the
	anterior arm of the internal capsule indicate a large-scale fronto-parietal
	motor control network. Hum Brain Mapp, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,
	Inc.},
  doi = {10.1002/hbm.22122},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Schucht et al. - 2012 - Subcortical electrostimulation to identify network subserving motor control.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-0193},
  keywords = {awake surgery,motor control,motor mapping,negative motor network,subcortical},
  pmid = {22711688},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22711688}
}

@ARTICLE{Schwarz78,
  author = {Schwarz, Gideon},
  title = {{Estimating the Dimension of a Model}},
  journal = {The Annals of Statistics},
  year = {1978},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {461--464},
  number = {2},
  month = mar,
  issn = {2168-8966},
  keywords = {Akaike information criterion,Dimension,asymptotics},
  language = {EN},
  url = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1176344136}
}

@ARTICLE{Sethuraman91,
  author = {Sethuraman, J},
  title = {{A constructive definition of Dirichlet priors}},
  year = {1991},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord\&metadataPrefix=html\&identifier=ADA238689}
}

@ARTICLE{ShanksAbsalomLeeEtAl06,
  author = {Shanks, DR and Absalom, AR and Lee, M and Corlett, Philip R and Honey,
	Garry D and Aitken, Michael R F and Dickinson, Anthony and Pomarol-clotet,
	Edith and Murray, Graham K and Mckenna, Peter J and Robbins, Trevor
	W and Bullmore, Edward T and Fletcher, Paul C},
  title = {{Frontal Responses During Learning Predict Vulnerability to the Psychotogenic
	Effects of Ketamine}},
  journal = {Arch Gen Psychiatry},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {63},
  number = {June},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( Frontal Responses During Learning Predict Vulnerability
	to the Psychotogenic Effects of Ketamine - Shanks, DR; Absalom, AR;
	Lee, M )




	 },
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//Shanks et al. - 2006 - Frontal Responses During Learning Predict Vulnerability to the Psychotogenic Effects of Ketamine.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en\&btnG=Search\&q=intitle:Frontal+Responses+During+Learning+Predict+Vulnerability+to+the+Psychotogenic+Effects+of+Ketamine\#0}
}

@ARTICLE{SharpBonnelleDeEtAl10,
  author = {Sharp, D J and Bonnelle, V and {De Boissezon}, X and Beckmann, C
	F and James, S G and Patel, M C and Mehta, M a},
  title = {{Distinct frontal systems for response inhibition, attentional capture,
	and error processing.}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
	of America},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {107},
  pages = {6106--11},
  number = {13},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Stopping an action in response to an unexpected event requires both
	that the event is attended to, and that the action is inhibited.
	Previous neuroimaging investigations of stopping have failed to adequately
	separate these cognitive elements. Here we used a version of the
	widely used Stop Signal Task that controls for the attentional capture
	of stop signals. This allowed us to fractionate the contributions
	of frontal regions, including the right inferior frontal gyrus and
	medial frontal cortex, to attentional capture, response inhibition,
	and error processing. A ventral attentional system, including the
	right inferior frontal gyrus, has been shown to respond to unexpected
	stimuli. In line with this evidence, we reasoned that lateral frontal
	regions support attentional capture, whereas medial frontal regions,
	including the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), actually inhibit
	the ongoing action. We tested this hypothesis by contrasting the
	brain networks associated with the presentation of unexpected stimuli
	against those associated with outright stopping. Functional MRI images
	were obtained in 26 healthy volunteers. Successful stopping was associated
	with activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus, as well as the
	pre-SMA. However, only activation of the pre-SMA differentiated stopping
	from a high-level baseline that controlled for attentional capture.
	As expected, unsuccessful attempts at stopping activated the anterior
	cingulate cortex. In keeping with work in nonhuman primates these
	findings demonstrate that successful motor inhibition is specifically
	associated with pre-SMA activation.},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1000175107},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sharp et al. - 2010 - Distinct frontal systems for response inhibition, attentional capture, and error processing.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  keywords = {Adult,Attention,Attention: physiology,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal
	Lobe: anatomy \& histology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Neurological,Motor Activity,Motor
	Activity: physiology,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Motor
	Cortex: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Task Performance and Analysis,Young
	Adult},
  pmid = {20220100},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2851908\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{ShenoyRaoYu11,
  author = {Shenoy, Pradeep and Rao, R.P.N. and Yu, AJ},
  title = {{A rational decision making framework for inhibitory control}},
  journal = {Adv. Neural Inf. Process Syst},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {1--9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//Shenoy, Yu - 2011 - Rational decision-making in inhibitory control.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://ai.cs.washington.edu/www/media/papers/Pradeep\_NIPS2010\_0991.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{ShenoyYu11,
  author = {Shenoy, Pradeep and Yu, Angela J},
  title = {{Rational decision-making in inhibitory control.}},
  journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {48},
  number = {May},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {An important aspect of cognitive flexibility is inhibitory control,
	the ability to dynamically modify or cancel planned actions in response
	to changes in the sensory environment or task demands. We formulate
	a probabilistic, rational decision-making framework for inhibitory
	control in the stop signal paradigm. Our model posits that subjects
	maintain a Bayes-optimal, continually updated representation of sensory
	inputs, and repeatedly assess the relative value of stopping and
	going on a fine temporal scale, in order to make an optimal decision
	on when and whether to go on each trial. We further posit that they
	implement this continual evaluation with respect to a global objective
	function capturing the various reward and penalties associated with
	different behavioral outcomes, such as speed and accuracy, or the
	relative costs of stop errors and go errors. We demonstrate that
	our rational decision-making model naturally gives rise to basic
	behavioral characteristics consistently observed for this paradigm,
	as well as more subtle effects due to contextual factors such as
	reward contingencies or motivational factors. Furthermore, we show
	that the classical race model can be seen as a computationally simpler,
	perhaps neurally plausible, approximation to optimal decision-making.
	This conceptual link allows us to predict how the parameters of the
	race model, such as the stopping latency, should change with task
	parameters and individual experiences/ability.},
  doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2011.00048},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//Shenoy, Yu - 2011 - Rational decision-making in inhibitory control.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Shenoy, Yu - 2011 - Rational decision-making in inhibitory control.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1662-5161},
  keywords = {inhibitory control,optimal decision-making,speed-accuracy tradeoff,stop
	signal task},
  pmid = {21647306},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3103997\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract http://www.frontiersin.org/human\_neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2011.00048/abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{ShiffrinLeeKim08,
  author = {Shiffrin, RM and Lee, MD and Kim, W},
  title = {{A survey of model evaluation approaches with a tutorial on hierarchical
	Bayesian methods}},
  journal = {Cognitive \ldots},
  year = {2008},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/03640210802414826/full}
}

@ARTICLE{ShimaIsodaMushiakeEtAl07,
  author = {Shima, Keisetsu and Isoda, Masaki and Mushiake, Hajime and Tanji,
	Jun},
  title = {{Categorization of behavioural sequences in the prefrontal cortex.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {445},
  pages = {315--8},
  number = {7125},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Although it has long been thought that the prefrontal cortex of primates
	is involved in the integrative regulation of behaviours, the neural
	architecture underlying specific aspects of cognitive behavioural
	planning has yet to be clarified. If subjects are required to remember
	a large number of complex motor sequences and plan to execute each
	of them individually, categorization of the sequences according to
	the specific temporal structure inherent in each subset of sequences
	serves to facilitate higher-order planning based on memory. Here
	we show, using these requirements, that cells in the lateral prefrontal
	cortex selectively exhibit activity for a specific category of behavioural
	sequences, and that categories of behaviours, embodied by different
	types of movement sequences, are represented in prefrontal cells
	during the process of planning. This cellular activity implies the
	generation of neural representations capable of storing structured
	event complexes at an abstract level, exemplifying the development
	of macro-structured action knowledge in the lateral prefrontal cortex.},
  doi = {10.1038/nature05470},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Shima et al. - 2007 - Categorization of behavioural sequences in the prefrontal cortex.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Animals,Behavior, Animal,Behavior, Animal: physiology,Learning,Learning:
	physiology,Macaca,Macaca: physiology,Movement,Movement: physiology,Prefrontal
	Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: cytology,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor
	Performance},
  pmid = {17183266},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17183266}
}

@ARTICLE{SimenBalciCohenEtAl10,
  author = {Simen, Patrick and Balci, Fuat and Cohen, Jonathan D and Holmes,
	Philip},
  title = {{Adaptive interval timing by a stochastic ramp-and-trigger model
	: Supplementary Materials}},
  journal = {Time},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {5--7},
  number = {V},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Simen et al. - 2010 - Adaptive interval timing by a stochastic ramp-and-trigger model Supplementary Materials.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{SimenCohenHolmesEtAl,
  author = {Simen, Patrick and Cohen, Jonathan D and Holmes, Philip and Hall,
	Green and Balci, Fuat},
  title = {{Title : Adaptive interval timing by a stochastic ramp-and-trigger
	model Abbreviated title : Adaptive interval timing Authors : Correspondence
	: Adaptive interval timing by a stochastic ramp-and-trigger model}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Simen et al. - Unknown - Title Adaptive interval timing by a stochastic ramp-and-trigger model Abbreviated title Adaptive interval timing Authors Correspondence Adaptive interval timing by a stochastic ramp-and-trigger model.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {decision making,diffusion,interval timing,neural network,random walk,response}
}

@ARTICLE{SimpsonKellendonkKandel10,
  author = {Simpson, Eleanor H and Kellendonk, Christoph and Kandel, Eric},
  title = {{A possible role for the striatum in the pathogenesis of the cognitive
	symptoms of schizophrenia.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {585--96},
  number = {5},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {The cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are largely resistant to current
	treatment and are thus a life-long burden of the illness. Studies
	of cognitive symptoms have commonly focused on prefrontal cortex
	because of its demonstrated importance for executive function and
	working memory--key components of the deficit. The role of striatal-cortical
	circuitry and therefore the striatum itself has received much less
	attention. Here we review longstanding evidence that the striatum
	and its cortical connections are critical for complex cognition and
	discuss emerging evidence of the striatum's potential involvement
	in cognitive symptoms. Finally, we suggest how mouse models might
	test ideas about the contribution of early striatal dysfunction to
	the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.014},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Simpson, Kellendonk, Kandel - 2010 - A possible role for the striatum in the pathogenesis of the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  keywords = {Animals,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: physiopathology,Cognition
	Disorders,Cognition Disorders: etiology,Cognition Disorders: pathology,Corpus
	Striatum,Corpus Striatum: physiopathology,Disease Models, Animal,Dopamine,Dopamine:
	metabolism,Humans,Mice,Models, Biological,Neural Pathways,Neural
	Pathways: physiopathology,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia: complications,Schizophrenic
	Psychology},
  pmid = {20223196},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223196}
}

@ARTICLE{SissonFan,
  author = {Sisson, Scott A and Fan, Yanan},
  title = {{Likelihood-free Markov chain Monte Carlo}},
  number = {Mcmc},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {arXiv:1001.2058v1},
  eprint = {arXiv:1001.2058v1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sisson, Fan - Unknown - Likelihood-free Markov chain Monte Carlo.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Smith00,
  author = {Smith, Pl},
  title = {{Stochastic Dynamic Models of Response Time and Accuracy: A Foundational
	Primer.}},
  journal = {Journal of mathematical psychology},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {44},
  pages = {408--463},
  number = {3},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {A large class of statistical decision models for performance in simple
	information processing tasks can be described by linear, first-order,
	stochastic differential equations (SDEs), whose solutions are diffusion
	processes. In such models, the first passage time for the diffusion
	process through a response criterion determines the time at which
	an observer makes a decision about the identity of a stimulus. Because
	the assumptions of many cognitive models lead to SDEs that are time
	inhomogeneous, classical methods for solving such first passage time
	problems are usually inapplicable. In contrast, recent integral equation
	methods often yield solutions to both the one-sided and the two-sided
	first passage time problems, even in the presence of time inhomogeneity.
	These methods, which are of particular relevance to the cognitive
	modeler, are described in detail, together with illustrative applications.
	Copyright 2000 Academic Press.},
  doi = {10.1006/jmps.1999.1260},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0022-2496},
  pmid = {10973778},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10973778}
}

@ARTICLE{SmithRatcliff04,
  author = {Smith, Philip L and Ratcliff, Roger},
  title = {{Psychology and neurobiology of simple decisions.}},
  journal = {Trends in neurosciences},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {161--8},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Patterns of neural firing linked to eye movement decisions show that
	behavioral decisions are predicted by the differential firing rates
	of cells coding selected and nonselected stimulus alternatives. These
	results can be interpreted using models developed in mathematical
	psychology to model behavioral decisions. Current models assume that
	decisions are made by accumulating noisy stimulus information until
	sufficient information for a response is obtained. Here, the models,
	and the techniques used to test them against response-time distribution
	and accuracy data, are described. Such models provide a quantitative
	link between the time-course of behavioral decisions and the growth
	of stimulus information in neural firing data.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2004.01.006},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0166-2236},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Decision Making,Decision
	Making: physiology,Eye Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,Humans,Information
	Theory,Models,Neural Networks (Computer),Neurological,Psychological,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology},
  pmid = {15036882},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15036882}
}

@ARTICLE{SmithSurmeierRedgraveEtAl11,
  author = {Smith, Y. and Surmeier, D. J. and Redgrave, P. and Kimura, M.},
  title = {{Thalamic Contributions to Basal Ganglia-Related Behavioral Switching
	and Reinforcement}},
  journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {16102--16106},
  number = {45},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4634-11.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Smith et al. - 2011 - Thalamic Contributions to Basal Ganglia-Related Behavioral Switching and Reinforcement.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4634-11.2011}
}

@ARTICLE{SnoekLarochelleAdams12,
  author = {Snoek, Jasper and Larochelle, Hugo and Adams, Ryan P},
  title = {{Practical Bayesian Optimization of Machine Learning Algorithms}},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1--12},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Machine learning algorithms frequently require careful tuning of model
	hyperparameters, regularization terms, and optimization parameters.
	Unfortunately, this tuning is often a "black art" that requires expert
	experience, unwritten rules of thumb, or sometimes brute-force search.
	Much more appealing is the idea of developing automatic approaches
	which can optimize the performance of a given learning algorithm
	to the task at hand. In this work, we consider the automatic tuning
	problem within the framework of Bayesian optimization, in which a
	learning algorithm's generalization performance is modeled as a sample
	from a Gaussian process (GP). The tractable posterior distribution
	induced by the GP leads to efficient use of the information gathered
	by previous experiments, enabling optimal choices about what parameters
	to try next. Here we show how the effects of the Gaussian process
	prior and the associated inference procedure can have a large impact
	on the success or failure of Bayesian optimization. We show that
	thoughtful choices can lead to results that exceed expert-level performance
	in tuning machine learning algorithms. We also describe new algorithms
	that take into account the variable cost (duration) of learning experiments
	and that can leverage the presence of multiple cores for parallel
	experimentation. We show that these proposed algorithms improve on
	previous automatic procedures and can reach or surpass human expert-level
	optimization on a diverse set of contemporary algorithms including
	latent Dirichlet allocation, structured SVMs and convolutional neural
	networks.},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {1206.2944},
  eprint = {1206.2944},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Snoek, Larochelle, Adams - 2012 - Practical Bayesian Optimization of Machine Learning Algorithms.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.2944}
}

@ARTICLE{SoltaniWang10,
  author = {Soltani, Alireza and Wang, Xiao-Jing},
  title = {{Synaptic computation underlying probabilistic inference.}},
  journal = {Nature neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {112--9},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {We propose that synapses may be the workhorse of the neuronal computations
	that underlie probabilistic reasoning. We built a neural circuit
	model for probabilistic inference in which information provided by
	different sensory cues must be integrated and the predictive powers
	of individual cues about an outcome are deduced through experience.
	We found that bounded synapses naturally compute, through reward-dependent
	plasticity, the posterior probability that a choice alternative is
	correct given that a cue is presented. Furthermore, a decision circuit
	endowed with such synapses makes choices on the basis of the summed
	log posterior odds and performs near-optimal cue combination. The
	model was validated by reproducing salient observations of, and provides
	insights into, a monkey experiment using a categorization task. Our
	model thus suggests a biophysical instantiation of the Bayesian decision
	rule, while predicting important deviations from it similar to the
	'base-rate neglect' observed in human studies when alternatives have
	unequal prior probabilities.},
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2450},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Soltani, Wang - 2010 - Synaptic computation underlying probabilistic inference.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1546-1726},
  keywords = {Animals,Bayes Theorem,Computer Simulation,Cues,Decision Making,Decision
	Making: physiology,Haplorhini,Humans,Learning,Learning: physiology,Models,
	Neurological,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Neural Inhibition,Neuronal
	Plasticity,Neuronal Plasticity: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Reproducibility
	of Results,Reward,Synapses,Synapses: physiology},
  pmid = {20010823},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010823}
}

@ARTICLE{SommerWurtz06,
  author = {Sommer, Marc A and Wurtz, Robert H},
  title = {{Influence of the thalamus on spatial visual processing in frontal
	cortex.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {444},
  pages = {374--7},
  number = {7117},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Each of our movements activates our own sensory receptors, and therefore
	keeping track of self-movement is a necessary part of analysing sensory
	input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is
	by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor
	commands. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual
	world despite our frequent quick, or saccadic, eye movements: corollary
	discharge about each saccade would permit the visual system to ignore
	saccade-induced visual changes. The critical missing link has been
	the connection between corollary discharge and visual processing.
	Here we show that such a link is formed by a corollary discharge
	from the thalamus that targets the frontal cortex. In the thalamus,
	neurons in the mediodorsal nucleus relay a corollary discharge of
	saccades from the midbrain superior colliculus to the cortical frontal
	eye field. In the frontal eye field, neurons use corollary discharge
	to shift their visual receptive fields spatially before saccades.
	We tested the hypothesis that these two components-a pathway for
	corollary discharge and neurons with shifting receptive fields-form
	a circuit in which the corollary discharge drives the shift. First
	we showed that the known spatial and temporal properties of the corollary
	discharge predict the dynamic changes in spatial visual processing
	of cortical neurons when saccades are made. Then we moved from this
	correlation to causation by isolating single cortical neurons and
	showing that their spatial visual processing is impaired when corollary
	discharge from the thalamus is interrupted. Thus the visual processing
	of frontal neurons is spatiotemporally matched with, and functionally
	dependent on, corollary discharge input from the thalamus. These
	experiments establish the first link between corollary discharge
	and visual processing, delineate a brain circuit that is well suited
	for mediating visual stability, and provide a framework for studying
	corollary discharge in other sensory systems.},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  keywords = {Animals,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: cytology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Macaca
	mulatta,Macaca mulatta: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Thalamus,Thalamus:
	cytology,Thalamus: physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception:
	physiology},
  shorttitle = {Nature},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05279}
}

@ARTICLE{SommerWurtz04,
  author = {Sommer, Marc A and Wurtz, Robert H},
  title = {{What the brain stem tells the frontal cortex. I. Oculomotor signals
	sent from superior colliculus to frontal eye field via mediodorsal
	thalamus.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {1381--402},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Neuronal processing in cerebral cortex and signal transmission from
	cortex to brain stem have been studied extensively, but little is
	known about the numerous feedback pathways that ascend from brain
	stem to cortex. In this study, we characterized the signals conveyed
	through an ascending pathway coursing from the superior colliculus
	(SC) to the frontal eye field (FEF) via mediodorsal thalamus (MD).
	Using antidromic and orthodromic stimulation, we identified SC source
	neurons, MD relay neurons, and FEF recipient neurons of the pathway
	in Macaca mulatta. The monkeys performed oculomotor tasks, including
	delayed-saccade tasks, that permitted analysis of signals such as
	visual activity, delay activity, and presaccadic activity. We found
	that the SC sends all of these signals into the pathway with no output
	selectivity, i.e., the signals leaving the SC resembled those found
	generally within the SC. Visual activity arrived in FEF too late
	to contribute to short-latency visual responses there, and delay
	activity was largely filtered out in MD. Presaccadic activity, however,
	seemed critical because it traveled essentially unchanged from SC
	to FEF. Signal transmission in the pathway was fast ( approximately
	2 ms from SC to FEF) and topographically organized (SC neurons drove
	MD and FEF neurons having similarly eccentric visual and movement
	fields). Our analysis of identified neurons in one pathway from brain
	stem to frontal cortex thus demonstrates that multiple signals are
	sent from SC to FEF with presaccadic activity being prominent. We
	hypothesize that a major signal conveyed by the pathway is corollary
	discharge information about the vector of impending saccades.},
  issn = {0022-3077},
  keywords = {Animals,Blinking,Blinking: physiology,Brain Stem,Brain Stem: cytology,Brain
	Stem: physiology,Electric Stimulation,Electrodes,Electrophysiology,Feedback,Feedback:
	physiology,Fixation, Ocular,Fixation, Ocular: physiology,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: cytology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Macaca mulatta,Mediodorsal
	Thalamic Nucleus,Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus: cytology,Mediodorsal
	Thalamic Nucleus: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Superior Colliculi,Superior Colliculi: cytology,Superior
	Colliculi: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,Visual
	Pathways,Visual Pathways: cytology,Visual Pathways: physiology},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14573558}
}

@ARTICLE{SommerWurtz04a,
  author = {Sommer, Marc A and Wurtz, Robert H},
  title = {{What the brain stem tells the frontal cortex. II. Role of the SC-MD-FEF
	pathway in corollary discharge.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {1403--23},
  number = {3},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {One way we keep track of our movements is by monitoring corollary
	discharges or internal copies of movement commands. This study tested
	a hypothesis that the pathway from superior colliculus (SC) to mediodorsal
	thalamus (MD) to frontal eye field (FEF) carries a corollary discharge
	about saccades made into the contralateral visual field. We inactivated
	the MD relay node with muscimol in monkeys and measured corollary
	discharge deficits using a double-step task: two sequential saccades
	were made to the locations of briefly flashed targets. To make second
	saccades correctly, monkeys had to internally monitor their first
	saccades; therefore deficits in the corollary discharge representation
	of first saccades should disrupt second saccades. We found, first,
	that monkeys seemed to misjudge the amplitudes of their first saccades;
	this was revealed by systematic shifts in second saccade end points.
	Thus corollary discharge accuracy was impaired. Second, monkeys were
	less able to detect trial-by-trial variations in their first saccades;
	this was revealed by reduced compensatory changes in second saccade
	angles. Thus corollary discharge precision also was impaired. Both
	deficits occurred only when first saccades went into the contralateral
	visual field. Single-saccade generation was unaffected. Additional
	deficits occurred in reaction time and overall performance, but these
	were bilateral. We conclude that the SC-MD-FEF pathway conveys a
	corollary discharge used for coordinating sequential saccades and
	possibly for stabilizing vision across saccades. This pathway is
	the first elucidated in what may be a multilevel chain of corollary
	discharge circuits extending from the extraocular motoneurons up
	into cerebral cortex.},
  issn = {0022-3077},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain Stem,Brain Stem: physiology,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe:
	physiology,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,GABA
	Agonists,GABA Agonists: pharmacology,Macaca mulatta,Mediodorsal Thalamic
	Nucleus,Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus: cytology,Mediodorsal Thalamic
	Nucleus: physiology,Microinjections,Motor Neurons,Motor Neurons:
	physiology,Muscimol,Muscimol: pharmacology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: drug effects,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Sleep Stages,Sleep Stages: physiology,Superior Colliculi,Superior
	Colliculi: cytology,Superior Colliculi: physiology,Vision, Ocular,Vision,
	Ocular: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,Visual
	Pathways,Visual Pathways: cytology,Visual Pathways: physiology},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14573557}
}

@ARTICLE{SommerWurtz02,
  author = {Sommer, Marc A and Wurtz, Robert H},
  title = {{A pathway in primate brain for internal monitoring of movements.}},
  journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {296},
  pages = {1480--2},
  number = {5572},
  month = may,
  abstract = {It is essential to keep track of the movements we make, and one way
	to do that is to monitor correlates, or corollary discharges, of
	neuronal movement commands. We hypothesized that a previously identified
	pathway from brainstem to frontal cortex might carry corollary discharge
	signals. We found that neuronal activity in this pathway encodes
	upcoming eye movements and that inactivating the pathway impairs
	sequential eye movements consistent with loss of corollary discharge
	without affecting single eye movements. These results identify a
	pathway in the brain of the primate Macaca mulatta that conveys corollary
	discharge signals.},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain Mapping,FEF/SEF,Fixation, Ocular,Frontal Lobe,Frontal
	Lobe: physiology,GABA Agonists,GABA Agonists: pharmacology,Macaca
	mulatta,Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus,Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus:
	drug effects,Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus: physiology,Muscimol,Muscimol:
	pharmacology,Neural Pathways,Neurons,Neurons: drug effects,Neurons:
	physiology,Proprioception,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Superior
	Colliculi,Superior Colliculi: physiology},
  mendeley-tags = {FEF/SEF},
  url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/296/5572/1480.abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{Sonuga-BarkeBitsakouThompson10,
  author = {Sonuga-Barke, Edmund and Bitsakou, Paraskevi and Thompson, Margaret},
  title = {{Beyond the Dual Pathway Model: Evidence for the Dissociation of
	Timing, Inhibitory, and Delay-Related Impairments in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
	Disorder}},
  journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {345--355},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2009.12.018},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sonuga-Barke, Bitsakou, Thompson - 2010 - Beyond the Dual Pathway Model Evidence for the Dissociation of Timing, Inhibitory, and Delay-Related Impairments in Attention-DeficitHyperactivity Disorder.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {08908567},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856710000742}
}

@ARTICLE{SpencerDienDonchin01,
  author = {Spencer, K M and Dien, J and Donchin, E},
  title = {{Spatiotemporal analysis of the late ERP responses to deviant stimuli.}},
  journal = {Psychophysiology},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {38},
  pages = {343--58},
  number = {2},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {We used a novel application of principal components analysis (spatiotemporal
	PCA) to decompose the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) obtained
	with a dense electrode array, with the purpose of elucidating the
	late ERP components elicited by deviant stimuli under "attend" and
	"ignore" conditions. First, a "spatial" PCA was performed to identify
	a set of scalp distributions (spatial factors or "virtual electrodes")
	that accounted for the spatial variance in the data set. The data
	were expressed as spatial factor scores or "virtual ERPs" measured
	at each of the virtual electrodes. These virtual ERPs were submitted
	to a "temporal" PCA, yielding a set of temporal factors or "virtual
	epochs." Statistical analyses of the temporal factor scores found
	that (1) attended deviant stimuli elicited the P300 and Novelty P3
	components, the latter being largest for highly salient nontargets:
	(2) "ignored" deviants elicited a small Novelty P3, and depending
	on the primary task, a small P300: and (3) the classical Slow Wave
	consisted of separate frontal-negative and posterior-positive components.},
  issn = {0048-5772},
  keywords = {Adult,Attention,Attention: physiology,Auditory Perception,Auditory
	Perception: physiology,Electrodes,Electroencephalography,Event-Related
	Potentials, P300,Event-Related Potentials, P300: physiology,Female,Humans,Male},
  pmid = {11347879},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11347879}
}

@ARTICLE{SpiegelhalterBestCarlinEtAl02,
  author = {Spiegelhalter, David J. and Best, Nicola G. and Carlin, Bradley P.
	and van der Linde, Angelika},
  title = {{Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit}},
  journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {64},
  pages = {583--639},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1111/1467-9868.00353},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Spiegelhalter et al. - 2002 - Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1369-7412},
  url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1467-9868.00353}
}

@ARTICLE{SpiegelhalterBestCarlinEtAl02a,
  author = {Spiegelhalter, David J. DJ and Best, Nicola G. NG and Carlin, Bradley
	P. and van der Linde, Angelika},
  title = {{Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit}},
  journal = {Journal of the Royal \ldots},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {64},
  pages = {583--639},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1111/1467-9868.00353},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Spiegelhalter et al. - 2002 - Bayesian measures of model complexity and fit.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1369-7412},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9868.00353/full http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1467-9868.00353}
}

@ARTICLE{StandageYouWangEtAl11,
  author = {Standage, Dominic and You, Hongzhi and Wang, Da-Hui and Dorris, Michael
	C.},
  title = {{Gain Modulation by an Urgency Signal Controls the Speed–Accuracy
	Trade-Off in a Network Model of a Cortical Decision Circuit}},
  journal = {Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {1--14},
  number = {February},
  doi = {10.3389/fncom.2011.00007},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1662-5188},
  keywords = {accuracy trade-off,decision making,gain modulation,neural model,recurrent
	network,speed,urgency},
  url = {http://www.frontiersin.org/Computational\_Neuroscience/10.3389/fncom.2011.00007/abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{StephanPennyDaunizeauEtAl09,
  author = {Stephan, Klaas Enno and Penny, Will D and Daunizeau, Jean and Moran,
	Rosalyn J and Friston, Karl J},
  title = {{Bayesian model selection for group studies.}},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {1004--17},
  number = {4},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {Bayesian model selection (BMS) is a powerful method for determining
	the most likely among a set of competing hypotheses about the mechanisms
	that generated observed data. BMS has recently found widespread application
	in neuroimaging, particularly in the context of dynamic causal modelling
	(DCM). However, so far, combining BMS results from several subjects
	has relied on simple (fixed effects) metrics, e.g. the group Bayes
	factor (GBF), that do not account for group heterogeneity or outliers.
	In this paper, we compare the GBF with two random effects methods
	for BMS at the between-subject or group level. These methods provide
	inference on model-space using a classical and Bayesian perspective
	respectively. First, a classical (frequentist) approach uses the
	log model evidence as a subject-specific summary statistic. This
	enables one to use analysis of variance to test for differences in
	log-evidences over models, relative to inter-subject differences.
	We then consider the same problem in Bayesian terms and describe
	a novel hierarchical model, which is optimised to furnish a probability
	density on the models themselves. This new variational Bayes method
	rests on treating the model as a random variable and estimating the
	parameters of a Dirichlet distribution which describes the probabilities
	for all models considered. These probabilities then define a multinomial
	distribution over model space, allowing one to compute how likely
	it is that a specific model generated the data of a randomly chosen
	subject as well as the exceedance probability of one model being
	more likely than any other model. Using empirical and synthetic data,
	we show that optimising a conditional density of the model probabilities,
	given the log-evidences for each model over subjects, is more informative
	and appropriate than both the GBF and frequentist tests of the log-evidences.
	In particular, we found that the hierarchical Bayesian approach is
	considerably more robust than either of the other approaches in the
	presence of outliers. We expect that this new random effects method
	will prove useful for a wide range of group studies, not only in
	the context of DCM, but also for other modelling endeavours, e.g.
	comparing different source reconstruction methods for EEG/MEG or
	selecting among competing computational models of learning and decision-making.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.025},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Stephan et al. - 2009 - Bayesian model selection for group studies.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9572},
  keywords = {Algorithms,Bayes Theorem,Brain,Brain: physiology,Cognition,Cognition:
	physiology,Diagnostic Imaging,Humans,Models,Neurological},
  pmid = {19306932},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2703732\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{StephensBalding09,
  author = {Stephens, Matthew and Balding, David J},
  title = {{Bayesian statistical methods for genetic association studies.}},
  journal = {Nature reviews. Genetics},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {681--90},
  number = {10},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Bayesian statistical methods have recently made great inroads into
	many areas of science, and this advance is now extending to the assessment
	of association between genetic variants and disease or other phenotypes.
	We review these methods, focusing on single-SNP tests in genome-wide
	association studies. We discuss the advantages of the Bayesian approach
	over classical (frequentist) approaches in this setting and provide
	a tutorial on basic analysis steps, including practical guidelines
	for appropriate prior specification. We demonstrate the use of Bayesian
	methods for fine mapping in candidate regions, discuss meta-analyses
	and provide guidance for refereeing manuscripts that contain Bayesian
	analyses.},
  doi = {10.1038/nrg2615},
  issn = {1471-0064},
  keywords = {Bayes Theorem,Genome-Wide Association Study,Humans,Polymorphism, Single
	Nucleotide,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: genetics},
  pmid = {19763151},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  shorttitle = {Nat Rev Genet},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2615}
}

@ARTICLE{Stevens00,
  author = {Stevens, A},
  title = {{Event-related fMRI of auditory and visual oddball tasks}},
  journal = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {495--502},
  number = {5},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate
	the spatial distribution of cortical activation in frontal and parietal
	lobes during auditory and visual oddball tasks in 10 healthy subjects.
	The purpose of the study was to compare activation within auditory
	and visual modalities and identify common patterns of activation
	across these modalities. Each subject was scanned eight times, four
	times each for the auditory and visual conditions. The tasks consisted
	of a series of trials presented every 1500 ms of which 4–6\% were
	target trials. Subjects kept a silent count of the number of targets
	detected during each scan. The data were analyzed by correlating
	the fMRI signal response of each pixel to a reference hemodynamic
	response function that modeled expected responses to each target
	stimulus. The auditory and visual targets produced target-related
	activation in frontal and parietal cortices with high spatial overlap
	particularly in the middle frontal gyrus and in the anterior cingulate.
	Similar convergence zones were detected in parietal cortex. Temporal
	differences were detected in the onset of the activation in frontal
	and parietal areas with an earlier onset in parietal areas than in
	the middle frontal areas. Based on consistent findings with previous
	event-related oddball tasks, the high degree of spatial overlap in
	frontal and parietal areas appears to be due to modality independent
	or amodal processes related to procedural aspects of the tasks that
	may involve memory updating and non-specific response organization.},
  doi = {10.1016/S0730-725X(00)00128-4},
  issn = {0730725X},
  keywords = {oddball,rIFG,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {oddball,rIFG,response inhibition},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0730-725X(00)00128-4 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0730725X00001284}
}

@ARTICLE{StraussFrankWaltzEtAl11,
  author = {Strauss, Gregory P. and Frank, Michael J. and Waltz, James a. and
	Kasanova, Zuzana and Herbener, Ellen S. and Gold, James M.},
  title = {{Deficits in Positive Reinforcement Learning and Uncertainty-Driven
	Exploration Are Associated with Distinct Aspects of Negative Symptoms
	in Schizophrenia}},
  journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {69},
  pages = {424--431},
  number = {5},
  month = mar,
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Deficits in Positive Reinforcement Learning and
	Uncertainty-Driven Exploration Are Associated with Distinct Aspects
	of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia - Strauss, Gregory P.; Frank,
	Michael J.; Waltz, James a.; Kasanova, Zuzana; Herbener, Ellen S.;
	Gold, James M. )




	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.10.015},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Strauss et al. - 2011 - Deficits in Positive Reinforcement Learning and Uncertainty-Driven Exploration Are Associated with Distinct Aspects of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {00063223},
  keywords = {and prediction of rewards,computational model,da,dopamine,evaluation,negative
	symptoms,opaminergic,reinforcement learning,reward,role in the detection,schizophrenia,several
	structures,signaling plays a key},
  publisher = {Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006322310011066}
}

@ARTICLE{StuphornBrownSchall10,
  author = {Stuphorn, Veit and Brown, Joshua W and Schall, Jeffrey D},
  title = {{Role of supplementary eye field in saccade initiation: executive,
	not direct, control.}},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {103},
  pages = {801--16},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {The goal of this study was to determine whether the activity of neurons
	in the supplementary eye field (SEF) is sufficient to control saccade
	initiation in macaque monkeys performing a saccade countermanding
	(stop signal) task. As previously observed, many neurons in the SEF
	increase the discharge rate before saccade initiation. However, when
	saccades are canceled in response to a stop signal, effectively no
	neurons with presaccadic activity display discharge rate modulation
	early enough to contribute to saccade cancellation. Moreover, SEF
	neurons do not exhibit a specific threshold discharge rate that could
	trigger saccade initiation. Yet, we observed more subtle relations
	between SEF activation and saccade production. The activity of numerous
	SEF neurons was correlated with response time and varied with sequential
	adjustments in response latency. Trials in which monkeys canceled
	or produced a saccade in a stop signal trial were distinguished by
	a modest difference in discharge rate of these SEF neurons before
	stop signal or target presentation. These findings indicate that
	neurons in the SEF, in contrast to counterparts in the frontal eye
	field and superior colliculus, do not contribute directly and immediately
	to the initiation of visually guided saccades. However the SEF may
	proactively regulate saccade production by biasing the balance between
	gaze-holding and gaze-shifting based on prior performance and anticipated
	task requirements.},
  doi = {10.1152/jn.00221.2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Stuphorn, Brown, Schall - 2010 - Role of supplementary eye field in saccade initiation executive, not direct, control.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1522-1598},
  keywords = {Animals,FEF,Feedback, Physiological,Feedback, Physiological: physiology,Macaca
	mulatta,Macaca radiata,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,SEF,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual
	Fields: physiology,Volition,Volition: physiology,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {FEF,SEF,response inhibition},
  pmid = {19939963},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2822692\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{StuphornTaylorSchall00,
  author = {Stuphorn, V and Taylor, T L and Schall, J D},
  title = {{Performance monitoring by the supplementary eye field.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {408},
  pages = {857--60},
  number = {6814},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Intelligent behaviour requires self-control based on the consequences
	of actions. The countermanding task is designed to study self-control;
	it requires subjects to withhold planned movements in response to
	an imperative stop signal, which they can do with varying success.
	In humans, the medial frontal cortex has been implicated in the supervisory
	control of action. In monkeys, the supplementary eye field in the
	dorsomedial frontal cortex is involved in producing eye movements,
	but its precise function has not been clarified. To investigate the
	role of the supplementary eye field in the control of eye movements,
	we recorded neural activity in macaque monkeys trained to perform
	an eye movement countermanding task. Distinct groups of neurons were
	active after errors, after successful withholding of a partially
	prepared movement, or in association with reinforcement. These three
	forms of activation could not be explained by sensory or motor factors.
	Our results lead us to put forward the hypothesis that the supplementary
	eye field contributes to monitoring the context and consequences
	of eye movements.},
  doi = {10.1038/35048576},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Stuphorn, Taylor, Schall - 2000 - Performance monitoring by the supplementary eye field.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain Mapping,Eye Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,FEF,Fixation,
	Ocular,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Macaca mulatta,Macaca
	radiata,Male,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Reinforcement
	(Psychology),SEF,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {FEF,SEF,response inhibition},
  pmid = {11130724},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11130724}
}

@ARTICLE{Sudderth06,
  author = {Sudderth, Erik B},
  title = {{Graphical Models for Visual Object Recognition and Tracking by}},
  year = {2006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sudderth - 2006 - Graphical Models for Visual Object Recognition and Tracking by.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{SumnerNachevMorrisEtAl07,
  author = {Sumner, Petroc and Nachev, Parashkev and Morris, Peter and Peters,
	Andrew M and Jackson, Stephen R and Kennard, Christopher and Husain,
	Masud},
  title = {{Human medial frontal cortex mediates unconscious inhibition of voluntary
	action.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {697--711},
  number = {5},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Within the medial frontal cortex, the supplementary eye field (SEF),
	supplementary motor area (SMA), and pre-SMA have been implicated
	in the control of voluntary action, especially during motor sequences
	or tasks involving rapid choices between competing response plans.
	However, the precise roles of these areas remain controversial. Here,
	we study two extremely rare patients with microlesions of the SEF
	and SMA to demonstrate that these areas are critically involved in
	unconscious and involuntary motor control. We employed masked-prime
	stimuli that evoked automatic inhibition in healthy people and control
	patients with lateral premotor or pre-SMA damage. In contrast, our
	SEF/SMA patients showed a complete reversal of the normal inhibitory
	effect--ocular or manual--corresponding to the functional subregion
	lesioned. These findings imply that the SEF and SMA mediate automatic
	effector-specific suppression of motor plans. This automatic mechanism
	may contribute to the participation of these areas in the voluntary
	control of action.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.016},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sumner et al. - 2007 - Human medial frontal cortex mediates unconscious inhibition of voluntary action.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0896-6273},
  keywords = {Aged,Brain Damage, Chronic,Brain Damage, Chronic: physiopathology,Brain
	Mapping,Consciousness,Consciousness: physiology,Cues,Female,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: anatomy \& histology,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: anatomy
	\& histology,Motor Cortex: physiology,Movement,Movement Disorders,Movement
	Disorders: etiology,Movement Disorders: physiopathology,Movement:
	physiology,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Neuropsychological
	Tests,Ocular Motility Disorders,Ocular Motility Disorders: etiology,Ocular
	Motility Disorders: physiopathology,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reflex,Reflex: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Unconscious (Psychology),Volition,Volition: physiology},
  pmid = {17553420},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17553420}
}

@ARTICLE{SussmanTangPriebe12,
  author = {Sussman, Daniel L and Tang, Minh and Priebe, Carey E},
  title = {{Universally Consistent Latent Position Estimation and Vertex Classification
	for Random Dot Product Graphs}},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1--16},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {arXiv:1207.6745v1},
  eprint = {arXiv:1207.6745v1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sussman, Tang, Priebe - 2012 - Universally Consistent Latent Position Estimation and Vertex Classification for Random Dot Product Graphs.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{SuttonMccallum10,
  author = {Sutton, Charles and Mccallum, Andrew},
  title = {{An Introduction to Conditional Random Fields arXiv : 1011 . 4088v1
	[ stat . ML ] 17 Nov 2010}},
  year = {2010},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {arXiv:1011.4088v1},
  eprint = {arXiv:1011.4088v1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Sutton, Mccallum - 2010 - An Introduction to Conditional Random Fields arXiv 1011 . 4088v1 stat . ML 17 Nov 2010.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{SwalesFreer97,
  author = {Swales, JDRJM and Freer, C},
  title = {{Frontal lobe deficits after head injury: Unity and diversity of
	function}},
  journal = {Cognitive Neuropsychology},
  year = {1997},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/026432997381420}
}

@ARTICLE{SwannPoiznerHouserEtAl11,
  author = {Swann, Nicole and Poizner, Howard and Houser, Melissa and Gould,
	Sherrie and Greenhouse, Ian and Cai, Weidong and Strunk, Jon and
	George, Jobi and Aron, Adam R},
  title = {{Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus alters the cortical
	profile of response inhibition in the beta frequency band: a scalp
	EEG study in Parkinson's disease.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {5721--9},
  number = {15},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {Stopping an initiated response could be implemented by a fronto-basal-ganglia
	circuit, including the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) and the
	subthalamic nucleus (STN). Intracranial recording studies in humans
	reveal an increase in beta-band power (approximately 16-20 Hz) within
	the rIFC and STN when a response is stopped. This suggests that the
	beta-band could be important for communication in this network. If
	this is the case, then altering one region should affect the electrophysiological
	response at the other. We addressed this hypothesis by recording
	scalp EEG during a stop task while modulating STN activity with deep
	brain stimulation. We studied 15 human patients with Parkinson's
	disease and 15 matched healthy control subjects. Behaviorally, patients
	OFF stimulation were slower than controls to stop their response.
	Moreover, stopping speed was improved for ON compared to OFF stimulation.
	For scalp EEG, there was greater beta power, around the time of stopping,
	for patients ON compared to OFF stimulation. This effect was stronger
	over the right compared to left frontal cortex, consistent with the
	putative right lateralization of the stopping network. Thus, deep
	brain stimulation of the STN improved behavioral stopping performance
	and increased the beta-band response over the right frontal cortex.
	These results complement other evidence for a structurally connected
	functional circuit between right frontal cortex and the basal ganglia.
	The results also suggest that deep brain stimulation of the STN may
	improve task performance by increasing the fidelity of information
	transfer within a fronto-basal-ganglia circuit.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6135-10.2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Swann et al. - 2011 - Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus alters the cortical profile of response inhibition in the beta frequency band a scalp EEG study in Parkinson's disease.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Aged,Beta Rhythm,Beta Rhythm: physiology,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral
	Cortex: physiology,Deep Brain Stimulation,Deep Brain Stimulation:
	methods,Electrodes,Electroencephalography,Female,Humans,IFG,Implanted,Male,Middle
	Aged,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease: physiopathology,Parkinson
	Disease: psychology,Parkinson Disease: therapy,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,STN,Subthalamic Nucleus,Subthalamic Nucleus: physiology,response
	inhibition,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {IFG,STN,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {21490213},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3086079\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{SwannTandonCanoltyEtAl09,
  author = {Swann, Nicole and Tandon, Nitin and Canolty, Ryan and Ellmore, Timothy
	M and McEvoy, Linda K and Dreyer, Stephen and DiSano, Michael and
	Aron, Adam R},
  title = {{Intracranial EEG reveals a time- and frequency-specific role for
	the right inferior frontal gyrus and primary motor cortex in stopping
	initiated responses.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {12675--85},
  number = {40},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Inappropriate response tendencies may be stopped via a specific fronto/basal
	ganglia/primary motor cortical network. We sought to characterize
	the functional role of two regions in this putative stopping network,
	the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the primary motor cortex
	(M1), using electocorticography from subdural electrodes in four
	patients while they performed a stop-signal task. On each trial,
	a motor response was initiated, and on a minority of trials a stop
	signal instructed the patient to try to stop the response. For each
	patient, there was a greater right IFG response in the beta frequency
	band ( approximately 16 Hz) for successful versus unsuccessful stop
	trials. This finding adds to evidence for a functional network for
	stopping because changes in beta frequency activity have also been
	observed in the basal ganglia in association with behavioral stopping.
	In addition, the right IFG response occurred 100-250 ms after the
	stop signal, a time range consistent with a putative inhibitory control
	process rather than with stop-signal processing or feedback regarding
	success. A downstream target of inhibitory control is M1. In each
	patient, there was alpha/beta band desynchronization in M1 for stop
	trials. However, the degree of desynchronization in M1 was less for
	successfully than unsuccessfully stopped trials. This reduced desynchronization
	on successful stop trials could relate to increased GABA inhibition
	in M1. Together with other findings, the results suggest that behavioral
	stopping is implemented via synchronized activity in the beta frequency
	band in a right IFG/basal ganglia network, with downstream effects
	on M1.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3359-09.2009},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Swann et al. - 2009 - Intracranial EEG reveals a time- and frequency-specific role for the right inferior frontal gyrus and primary motor cortex in stopping initiated responses.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Adult,Aged,BG,Basal Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: physiology,Beta Rhythm,Brain
	Mapping,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,ECOG,Electroencephalography,Epilepsy,Epilepsy:
	physiopathology,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Humans,IFG,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Motor Cortex,Motor
	Cortex: physiology,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Young Adult,response
	inhibition,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {BG,ECOG,IFG,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {19812342},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2801605\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{SwannCaiConnerEtAl11,
  author = {Swann, Nicole C and Cai, Weidong and Conner, Christopher R and Pieters,
	Thomas A and Claffey, Michael P and George, Jobi S and Aron, Adam
	R and Tandon, Nitin},
  title = {{Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and the right inferior
	frontal gyrus in stopping action : electrophysiological responses
	and functional and structural connectivity}},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2011},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {Both the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) and the right inferior
	frontal gyrus (rIFG) are important for stopping action outright.
	These regions are also engaged when preparing to stop. We aimed to
	elucidate the roles of these regions by harnessing the high spatio-temporal
	resolution of electrocorticography (ECoG), and by using a task that
	engages both preparing to stop and stopping outright. First, we validated
	the task using fMRI in 16 healthy control participants to confirm
	that both the preSMA and the rIFG were active. Next, we studied a
	rare patient with intracranial grid coverage of both these regions,
	using macrostimulation, diffusion tractography, cortico-cortical
	evoked potentials (CCEPs) and task-based ECoG. Macrostimulation of
	the preSMA induced behavioral motor arrest. Diffusion tractography
	revealed a structural connection between the preSMA and rIFG. CCEP
	analysis showed that stimulation of the preSMA evoked strong potentials
	within 30ms in rIFG. During the task, when preparing to stop, there
	was increased high gamma amplitude (\~{}70-250Hz) in both regions,
	with preSMA preceding rIFG by \~{}750ms. For outright stopping there
	was also a high gamma amplitude increase in both regions, again with
	preSMA preceding rIFG. Further, at the time of stopping, there was
	an increase in beta band activity (\~{}16Hz) in both regions, with
	significantly stronger long-range coherence for successful vs. unsuccessful
	stop trials. The results complement earlier reports of a structural/functional
	action control network between the preSMA and rIFG. They go further
	by revealing between-region timing differences in the high gamma
	band when preparing to stop and stopping outright. They also reveal
	strong between-region coherence in the beta band when stopping is
	successful. Implications for theories of action control are discussed.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and
	the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action : electrophysiological
	responses and functional and structural connectivity - Swann, Nicole
	C; Cai, Weidong; Conner, Christopher R; Pieters, Thomas A; Claffey,
	Michael P; George, Jobi S; Aron, Adam R; Tandon, Nitin )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and
	the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action : electrophysiological
	responses and functional and structural connectivity - Swann, Nicole
	C; Cai, Weidong; Conner, Christopher R; Pieters, Thomas A; Claffey,
	Michael P; George, Jobi S; Aron, Adam R; Tandon, Nitin )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( “ Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area
	and the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action : electrophysiological
	responses and functional and structural connectivity ” - Swann,
	Nicole C; Cai, Weidong; Conner, Christopher R; Pieters, Thomas A;
	Claffey, Michael P; George, Jobi S; Aron, Adam R; Tandon, Nitin )
	And Duplicate 2 ( Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and
	the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action : electrophysiological
	responses and functional and structural connectivity - Swann, Nicole
	C; Cai, Weidong; Conner, Christopher R; Pieters, Thomas A; Claffey,
	Michael P; George, Jobi S; Aron, Adam R; Tandon, Nitin )




	 From Duplicate 3 ( Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and
	the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action: Electrophysiological
	responses and functional and structural connectivity. - Swann, Nicole
	C; Cai, Weidong; Conner, Christopher R; Pieters, Thomas A; Claffey,
	Michael P; George, Jobi S; Aron, Adam R; Tandon, Nitin )

	 - Low intensity stimulation of preSMA causes activation of rIFG -
	Preparing to stop \_AND\_ actually stopping increased gamma in preSMA
	\_first\_, and then in rIFG






	 From Duplicate 2 ( Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and
	the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action: Electrophysiological
	responses and functional and structural connectivity. - Swann, Nicole
	C; Cai, Weidong; Conner, Christopher R; Pieters, Thomas A; Claffey,
	Michael P; George, Jobi S; Aron, Adam R; Tandon, Nitin )

	 - Low intensity stimulation of preSMA causes activation of rIFG -
	Preparing to stop \_AND\_ actually stopping increased gamma in preSMA
	\_first\_, and then in rIFG


	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.049},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Swann et al. - 2011 - Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action electrophysiological responses and functional and structural connectivity.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Swann et al. - 2011 - Roles for the pre-supplementary motor area and the right inferior frontal gyrus in stopping action electrophysiological responses and functional and structural connectivity.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9572},
  keywords = {2,6,beta frequency band,cognitive control,electrocorticography,figures,functional
	mri,gamma frequency band,inhibitory control,pre-SMA,rIFG,response
	inhibition,stop signal task,stop-signal,tables},
  mendeley-tags = {pre-SMA,rIFG,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {21979383},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811911011141}
}

@ARTICLE{SwannTandonPietersEtAl12,
  author = {Swann, Nicole C and Tandon, Nitin and Pieters, Thomas a and Aron,
	Adam R},
  title = {{Intracranial Electroencephalography Reveals Different Temporal Profiles
	for Dorsal- and Ventro-lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Preparing to
	Stop Action.}},
  journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
  year = {2012},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Preparing to stop an inappropriate action requires keeping in mind
	the task goal and using this to influence the action control system.
	We tested the hypothesis that different subregions of prefrontal
	cortex show different temporal profiles consistent with dissociable
	contributions to preparing-to-stop, with dorsolateral prefrontal
	cortex (DLPFC) representing the task goal and ventrolateral prefrontal
	cortex (VLPFC) implementing action control. Five human subjects were
	studied using electrocorticography recorded from subdural grids over
	right lateral frontal cortex. On each trial, a task cue instructed
	the subject whether stopping might be needed or not (Maybe Stop [MS]
	or No Stop [NS]), followed by a go cue, and on some MS trials, a
	subsequent stop signal. We focused on go trials, comparing MS with
	NS. In the DLPFC, most subjects had an increase in high gamma activity
	following the task cue and the go cue. In contrast, in the VLPFC,
	all subjects had activity after the go cue near the time of the motor
	response on MS trials, related to behavioral slowing, and significantly
	later than the DLPFC activity. These different temporal profiles
	suggest that DLPFC and VLPFC could have dissociable roles, with DLPFC
	representing task goals and VLPFC implementing action control.},
  doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhs245},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Swann et al. - 2012 - Intracranial Electroencephalography Reveals Different Temporal Profiles for Dorsal- and Ventro-lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Preparing to Stop Action.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-2199},
  keywords = {cognitive control,electrocorticography,gamma frequency band},
  pmid = {22879352},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22879352}
}

@ARTICLE{Switch-awayLeft09,
  author = {Switch-away, Rpt Switch-to and Left, Rpt Switch-to Switch-away},
  title = {{Figure 1 1}},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1--7},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Switch-away, Left - 2009 - Figure 1 1.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{TakahashiRoeschWilsonEtAl11,
  author = {Takahashi, Yuji K and Roesch, Matthew R and Wilson, Robert C and
	Toreson, Kathy and O'Donnell, Patricio and Niv, Yael and Schoenbaum,
	Geoffrey},
  title = {{Expectancy-related changes in firing of dopamine neurons depend
	on orbitofrontal cortex}},
  journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1590--1597},
  number = {12},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1038/nn.2957},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Takahashi et al. - 2011 - Expectancy-related changes in firing of dopamine neurons depend on orbitofrontal cortex.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-6256},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nn.2957}
}

@ARTICLE{TanakaHikosakaSaitoEtAl86,
  author = {Tanaka, K and Hikosaka, K and Saito, H and Yukie, M and Fukada, Y
	and Iwai, E},
  title = {{Analysis of local and wide-field movements in the superior temporal
	visual areas of the macaque monkey}},
  journal = {J. Neurosci.},
  year = {1986},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {134--144},
  number = {1},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/6/1/134}
}

@ARTICLE{TehJordanBealEtAl04,
  author = {Teh, Yee Whye and Jordan, Michael I and Beal, Matthew J and Blei,
	David M},
  title = {{Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes}},
  year = {2004},
  pages = {1--34},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Teh et al. - 2004 - Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes.pdf:pdf}
}

@MISC{The11,
  author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
  title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
  year = {2011},
  abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your
	personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents,
	how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate
	citations and bibliographies.},
  address = {London},
  booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
  pages = {1--16},
  publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
  url = {http://www.mendeley.com}
}

@ARTICLE{ThornAtallahHoweEtAl10,
  author = {Thorn, Catherine a and Atallah, Hisham and Howe, Mark and Graybiel,
	Ann M},
  title = {{Differential dynamics of activity changes in dorsolateral and dorsomedial
	striatal loops during learning.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {781--95},
  number = {5},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {The basal ganglia are implicated in a remarkable range of functions
	influencing emotion and cognition as well as motor behavior. Current
	models of basal ganglia function hypothesize that parallel limbic,
	associative, and motor cortico-basal ganglia loops contribute to
	this diverse set of functions, but little is yet known about how
	these loops operate and how their activities evolve during learning.
	To address these issues, we recorded simultaneously in sensorimotor
	and associative regions of the striatum as rats learned different
	versions of a conditional T-maze task. We found highly contrasting
	patterns of activity in these regions during task performance and
	found that these different patterns of structured activity developed
	concurrently, but with sharply different dynamics. Based on the region-specific
	dynamics of these patterns across learning, we suggest a working
	model whereby dorsomedial associative loops can modulate the access
	of dorsolateral sensorimotor loops to the control of action.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.036},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Thorn et al. - 2010 - Differential dynamics of activity changes in dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatal loops during learning.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  keywords = {Animals,Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping: methods,Corpus Striatum,Corpus
	Striatum: physiology,Learning,Learning: physiology,Long-Evans,Male,Maze
	Learning,Maze Learning: physiology,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Rats},
  pmid = {20547134},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3108575\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{ThornGraybiel10,
  author = {Thorn, Catherine a and Graybiel, Ann M},
  title = {{Pausing to regroup: thalamic gating of cortico-basal ganglia networks.}},
  journal = {Neuron},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {175--8},
  number = {2},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {How the cholinergic and dopaminergic systems of the striatum interact
	and how these interface with the massive neocortical input to the
	striatum are classic questions of cardinal interest to neurology
	and psychiatry. In this issue of Neuron, Ding and colleagues show
	that a key to these puzzles lies in the thalamic inputs to the striatum
	targeting its cholinergic interneurons.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2010.07.010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Thorn, Graybiel - 2010 - Pausing to regroup thalamic gating of cortico-basal ganglia networks.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1097-4199},
  pmid = {20670826},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20670826}
}

@ARTICLE{ToddCohenDayan,
  author = {Todd, Michael and Cohen, John and Dayan, Peter},
  title = {{Rational Analysis of Task Switching}},
  journal = {N/A},
  pages = {1--56},
  annote = {* Switch cost: - Cost of maintaining a task set (i.e. want to load
	as late as possible) * Exponential distribution of loading time (sometimes
	fully prepared -> DDM, other times not): memoryless -> all non-prepared
	trials have the same RT dist. * Probabilistic switch cues: - 25\%
	repeat probability: unload repeat set},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Todd, Cohen, Dayan - Unknown - Rational Analysis of Task Switching.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{TomaHondaHanakawaEtAl99,
  author = {Toma, K and Honda, M and Hanakawa, T and Okada, T and Fukuyama, H
	and Ikeda, a and Nishizawa, S and Konishi, J and Shibasaki, H},
  title = {{Activities of the primary and supplementary motor areas increase
	in preparation and execution of voluntary muscle relaxation: an event-related
	fMRI study.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {3527--34},
  number = {9},
  month = may,
  abstract = {Brain activity associated with voluntary muscle relaxation was examined
	by applying event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
	technique, which enables us to observe change of fMRI signals associated
	with a single motor trial. The subject voluntarily relaxed or contracted
	the right upper limb muscles. Each motor mode had two conditions;
	one required joint movement, and the other did not. Five axial images
	covering the primary motor area (M1) and supplementary motor area
	(SMA) were obtained once every second, using an echoplanar 1.5 tesla
	MRI scanner. One session consisted of 60 dynamic scans (i.e., 60
	sec). The subject performed a single motor trial (i.e., relaxation
	or contraction) during one session in his own time. Ten sessions
	were done for each task. During fMRI scanning, electromyogram (EMG)
	was monitored from the right forearm muscles to identify the motor
	onset. We calculated the correlation between the obtained fMRI signal
	and the expected hemodynamic response. The muscle relaxation showed
	transient signal increase time-locked to the EMG offset in the M1
	contralateral to the movement and bilateral SMAs, where activation
	was observed also in the muscle contraction. Activated volume in
	both the rostral and caudal parts of SMA was significantly larger
	for the muscle relaxation than for the muscle contraction (p < 0.05).
	The results suggest that voluntary muscle relaxation occurs as a
	consequence of excitation of corticospinal projection neurons or
	intracortical inhibitory interneurons, or both, in the M1 and SMA,
	and both pre-SMA and SMA proper play an important role in motor inhibition.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Toma et al. - 1999 - Activities of the primary and supplementary motor areas increase in preparation and execution of voluntary muscle relaxation an event-related fMRI study.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0270-6474},
  keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Brain Mapping,Cerebrovascular Circulation,Electromyography,Female,Forearm,Forearm:
	innervation,Functional Laterality,Humans,Isometric Contraction,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Male,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: physiology,Motor
	Cortex,Motor Cortex: physiology,Muscle Contraction,Muscle Relaxation,Muscle
	Relaxation: physiology,Muscle, Skeletal,Muscle, Skeletal: innervation,Muscle,
	Skeletal: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology},
  pmid = {10212312},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10212312}
}

@ARTICLE{TopsBoksem11,
  author = {Tops, Mattie and Boksem, Maarten a S},
  title = {{A potential role of the inferior frontal gyrus and anterior insula
	in cognitive control, brain rhythms, and event-related potentials.}},
  journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {330},
  number = {November},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {IN THE PRESENT PAPER, WE REVIEW EVIDENCE FOR OF A MODEL IN WHICH THE
	INFERIOR FRONTAL GYRUS/ANTERIOR INSULA (IFG/AI) AREA IS INVOLVED
	IN ELABORATE ATTENTIONAL AND WORKING MEMORY PROCESSING AND WE PRESENT
	THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THIS PROCESSING MAY TAKE DIFFERENT FORMS AND
	MAY HAVE DIFFERENT EFFECTS, DEPENDING ON THE TASK AT HAND: (1) it
	may facilitate fast and accurate responding, or (2) it may cause
	slow responding when prolonged elaborate processing is required to
	increase accuracy of responding, or (3) it may interfere with accuracy
	and speed of next-trial (for instance, post-error) performance when
	prolonged elaborate processing interferes with processing of the
	next stimulus. We present our viewpoint that ventrolateral corticolimbic
	control pathways, including the IFG/AI, and mediodorsal corticolimbic
	control pathways, including dorsal anterior cingulate cortex areas,
	play partly separable, but interacting roles in adaptive behavior
	in environmental conditions that differ in the level of predictability:
	compared to dorsal feed-forward control, the ventral corticolimbic
	control pathways implement control over actions through higher responsiveness
	to momentary environmental stimuli. This latter control mode is associated
	with an attentional focus on stimuli that are urgent or close in
	time and space, while the former control mode is associated with
	a broader, more global focus in time and space. Both control pathways
	have developed extensively through evolution, and both developed
	their own "cognitive controls," such that neither one can be properly
	described as purely "cognitive" or "emotional." We discuss literature
	that suggests that the role of IFG/AI in top-down control is reflected
	in cortical rhythms and event-related potentials. Together, the literature
	suggests that the IFG/AI is an important node in brain networks that
	control cognitive and emotional processing and behavior.},
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00330},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Tops, Boksem - 2011 - A potential role of the inferior frontal gyrus and anterior insula in cognitive control, brain rhythms, and event-related potentials.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1664-1078},
  keywords = {accuracy trade-off,anterior insula,cognitive control,cortical rhythms,event-related
	potentials,gyrus,inferior frontal,post-conflict slowing,post-error
	slowing,speed,speed–a},
  pmid = {22084637},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3212750\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@book{TownsendAshby83,
  title = {{The stochastic modeling of elementary psychological processes}},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  year = {1983},
  author = {Townsend, James T. and Ashby, F. Gregory},
  doi = {102-212-801},
  isbn = {0521241812}
}

@ARTICLE{TrappenbergDorrisMunozEtAl01,
  author = {Trappenberg, T P and Dorris, M C and Munoz, D P and Klein, R M},
  title = {{A model of saccade initiation based on the competitive integration
	of exogenous and endogenous signals in the superior colliculus.}},
  journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {256--71},
  number = {2},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Significant advances in cognitive neuroscience can be achieved by
	combining techniques used to measure behavior and brain activity
	with neural modeling. Here we apply this approach to the initiation
	of rapid eye movements (saccades), which are used to redirect the
	visual axis to targets of interest. It is well known that the superior
	colliculus (SC) in the midbrain plays a major role in generating
	saccadic eye movements, and physiological studies have provided important
	knowledge of the activity pattern of neurons in this structure. Based
	on the observation that the SC receives localized sensory (exogenous)
	and voluntary (endogenous) inputs, our model assumes that this information
	is integrated by dynamic competition across local collicular interactions.
	The model accounts well for the effects upon saccadic reaction time
	(SRT) due to removal of fixation, the presence of distractors, execution
	of pro- versus antisaccades, and variation in target probability,
	and suggests a possible mechanism for the generation of express saccades.
	In each of these cases, the activity patterns of "neurons" within
	the model closely resemble actual cell behavior in the intermediate
	layer of the SC. The interaction structure we employ is instrumental
	for producing a physiologically faithful model and results in new
	insights and hypotheses regarding the neural mechanisms underlying
	saccade initiation.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Trappenberg et al. - 2001 - A model of saccade initiation based on the competitive integration of exogenous and endogenous signals in the superior colliculus.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0898-929X},
  keywords = {Humans,Models,Neurological,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Superior Colliculi,Superior Colliculi: cytology,Superior
	Colliculi: physiology},
  pmid = {11244550},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11244550}
}

@ARTICLE{TuerlinckxMarisRatcliffEtAl01,
  author = {Tuerlinckx, F and Maris, E and Ratcliff, Roger and {De Boeck}, P},
  title = {{A comparison of four methods for simulating the diffusion process.}},
  journal = {Behavior research methods, instruments, \& computers : a journal
	of the Psychonomic Society, Inc},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {443--56},
  number = {4},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {Four methods for the simulation of the Wiener process with constant
	drift and variance are described. These four methods are (1) approximating
	the diffusion process by a random walk with very small time steps;
	(2) drawing directly from the joint density of responses and reaction
	time by means of a (possibly) repeated application of a rejection
	algorithm; (3) using a discrete approximation to the stochastic differential
	equation describing the diffusion process; and (4) a probability
	integral transform method approximating the inverse of the cumulative
	distribution function of the diffusion process. The four methods
	for simulating response probabilities and response times are compared
	on two criteria: simulation speed and accuracy of the simulation.
	It is concluded that the rejection-based and probability integral
	transform method perform best on both criteria, and that the stochastic
	differential approximation is worst. An important drawback of the
	rejection method is that it is applicable only to the Wiener process,
	whereas the probability integral transform method is more general.},
  file = {::},
  issn = {0743-3808},
  keywords = {Algorithms,Analysis of Variance,Computer Simulation,Humans,Models,Monte
	Carlo Method,Probability,Statistical,Stochastic Processes},
  pmid = {11816447},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11816447}
}

@ARTICLE{TurnerSederberg12,
  author = {Turner, Brandon M. and Sederberg, Per B.},
  title = {{Approximate Bayesian computation with differential evolution}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {375--385},
  number = {5},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2012.06.004},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Turner, Sederberg - 2012 - Approximate Bayesian computation with differential evolution.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {00222496},
  keywords = {approximate bayesian computation,computational modeling,differential
	evolution},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022249612000752}
}

@ARTICLE{TurnerVan12,
  author = {Turner, Brandon M. and {Van Zandt}, Trisha},
  title = {{A tutorial on approximate Bayesian computation}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {69--85},
  number = {2},
  month = apr,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2012.02.005},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Turner, Van Zandt - 2012 - A tutorial on approximate Bayesian computation.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {00222496},
  keywords = {approximate bayesian computation},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022249612000272}
}

@ARTICLE{UdellDoreyWynne11,
  author = {Udell, Monique a R and Dorey, Nicole R and Wynne, Clive D L},
  title = {{Can your dog read your mind? Understanding the causes of canine
	perspective taking.}},
  journal = {Learning \& behavior},
  year = {2011},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Prior studies have documented the domestic dog's (Canis lupus familiaris)
	sensitivity to human attentional state, including a tendency to preferentially
	beg for food from attentive individuals and an ability to selectively
	perform forbidden behaviors when humans are not looking. Due to the
	success of dogs on perspective-taking tasks, some have hypothesized
	that domestic dogs may have theory of mind, or the ability to infer
	what other individuals know. Here we provide the first evidence that
	nondomesticated canids, grey wolves (Canis lupus), are also sensitive
	to human attentional state under some conditions. We also demonstrate
	that dogs do not display an undifferentiated sensitivity to all visual
	cues of attentional state. Rather, dogs are more sensitive to stimuli
	encountered in their home environment. Some dogs perform poorly on
	perspective-taking tasks. These findings have important implications
	for the interpretation of research designed to understand complex
	social cognition across species.},
  doi = {10.3758/s13420-011-0034-6},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Udell, Dorey, Wynne - 2011 - Can your dog read your mind Understanding the causes of canine perspective taking.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {1543-4508},
  keywords = {a remarkable range of,canis,canis lupus familiaris,dog shelter,dogs,domestication,learning,lupus,mind,perspective
	taking,recent studies have identified,social cognition,theory of,wolves},
  pmid = {21643852},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21643852}
}

@ARTICLE{UllspergerCramon06,
  author = {Ullsperger, Markus and von Cramon, D Yves},
  title = {{The role of intact frontostriatal circuits in error processing.}},
  journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {651--64},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {The basal ganglia have been suggested to play a key role in performance
	monitoring and resulting behavioral adjustments. It is assumed that
	the integration of prefrontal and motor cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical
	circuits provides contextual information to the motor anterior cingulate
	cortex regions to enable their function in performance monitoring.
	So far, direct evidence is missing, however. We addressed the involvement
	of frontostriatal circuits in performance monitoring by collecting
	event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and behavioral data in nine
	patients with focal basal ganglia lesions and seven patients with
	lateral prefrontal cortex lesions while they performed a flanker
	task. In both patient groups, the amplitude of the error-related
	negativity was reduced, diminishing the difference to the ERPs on
	correct responses. Despite these electrophysiological abnormalities,
	most of the patients were able to correct errors. Only in lateral
	prefrontal cortex patients whose lesions extended into the frontal
	white matter, disrupting the connections to the motor anterior cingulate
	cortex and the striatum, were error corrections severely impaired.
	In sum, the fronto-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits seem necessary
	for the generation of error-related negativity, even when brain plasticity
	has resulted in behavioral compensation of the damage. Thus, error-related
	ERPs in patients provide a sensitive measure of the integrity of
	the performance monitoring network.},
  doi = {10.1162/jocn.2006.18.4.651},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Ullsperger, von Cramon - 2006 - The role of intact frontostriatal circuits in error processing.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0898-929X},
  keywords = {Adult,Aged,Analysis of Variance,Brain Diseases,Brain Diseases: pathology,Brain
	Diseases: physiopathology,Brain Mapping,Case-Control Studies,Corpus
	Striatum,Corpus Striatum: pathology,Corpus Striatum: physiopathology,Electroencephalography,Electroencephalography:
	methods,Evoked Potentials,Evoked Potentials: physiology,Feedback,
	Psychological,Feedback, Psychological: physiology,Female,Frontal
	Lobe,Frontal Lobe: pathology,Frontal Lobe: physiopathology,Humans,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods,Male,Middle
	Aged,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: pathology,Neural Pathways:
	physiopathology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Time Factors},
  pmid = {16768367},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16768367}
}

@ARTICLE{UptonEnticottCroftEtAl10,
  author = {Upton, Daniel J and Enticott, Peter G and Croft, Rodney J and Cooper,
	Nicholas R and Fitzgerald, Paul B},
  title = {{ERP correlates of response inhibition after-effects in the stop
	signal task.}},
  journal = {Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Exp\'{e}rimentation
	c\'{e}r\'{e}brale},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {206},
  pages = {351--8},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Several studies have found that response inhibition in the stop signal
	task is associated with a delay in subsequent response speed, which
	may result from the automatic retrieval of a conflicting stimulus-goal
	association. This study investigated the neurophysiological correlates
	of this sequence effect using event related potentials (ERPs). ERPs
	were recorded in 17 healthy people while they performed the stop
	signal task. We found reduced P3b amplitude for responses following
	successful inhibition, but only when the stimulus was repeated from
	the previous trial (repetition-after-effects). For responses following
	failed inhibition, P3b amplitude was reduced regardless of stimulus
	repetition status. We also found a general increase in frontal N2
	amplitude on response trials following inhibition, regardless of
	stimulus repetition or behavioural slowing. The complex pattern of
	ERP findings, dependent on stimulus repetition and success of inhibition,
	suggests multiple sources of behavioural slowing in the present data.
	ERP findings suggest that a memory retrieval processes underlies
	the repetition component of inhibition after effects. These findings
	are considered within the broader context of ERP findings in the
	negative priming literature.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00221-010-2369-1},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Upton et al. - 2010 - ERP correlates of response inhibition after-effects in the stop signal task.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1432-1106},
  keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Electroencephalography,Electroencephalography:
	methods,Event-Related Potentials,Female,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Male,Mental
	Recall,Mental Recall: physiology,Neuropsychological Tests,P300,P300:
	physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Psychophysics,Psychophysics:
	methods,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Statistics as Topic,Young
	Adult,response inhibition,slowing},
  mendeley-tags = {response inhibition,slowing},
  pmid = {20878149},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20878149}
}

@ARTICLE{ValjentBertran-GonzalezAubierEtAl10,
  author = {Valjent, Emmanuel and Bertran-Gonzalez, Jesus and Aubier, Benjamin
	and Greengard, Paul and Herv\'{e}, Denis and Girault, Jean-Antoine},
  title = {{Mechanisms of locomotor sensitization to drugs of abuse in a two-injection
	protocol.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College
	of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {401--15},
  number = {2},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {A single exposure to psychostimulants or morphine is sufficient to
	induce persistent locomotor sensitization, as well as neurochemical
	and electrophysiological changes in rodents. Although it provides
	a unique model to study the bases of long-term behavioral plasticity,
	sensitization mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated
	in the mouse, a species suited for transgenic studies, the mechanisms
	of locomotor sensitization showed by the increased response to a
	second injection of drug (two-injection protocol of sensitization,
	TIPS). The first cocaine injection induced a locomotor sensitization
	that was completely context-dependent, increased during the first
	week, and persisted 3 months later. The induction of sensitized responses
	to cocaine required dopamine D1 and glutamate NMDA receptors. A single
	injection of the selective dopamine transporter blocker GBR12783
	was sufficient to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase
	(ERK) in the striatum to the same level as cocaine and to induce
	sensitization to cocaine, but not to itself. The induction of sensitization
	was sensitive to protein synthesis inhibition by anisomycin after
	cocaine administration. Morphine induced a pronounced context-dependent
	sensitization that crossed with cocaine. Sensitization to morphine
	injection was prevented in knockin mutant mice bearing a Thr-34-Ala
	mutation of DARPP-32, which suppresses its ability to inhibit protein
	phosphatase-1 (PP1), but not mutation of Thr-75 or Ser-130. These
	results combined with previous ones show that TIPS in mouse is a
	context-dependent response, which involves an increase in extracellular
	dopamine, stimulation of D1 and NMDA receptors, regulation of the
	cAMP-dependent and ERK pathways, inhibition of PP1, and protein synthesis.
	It provides a simple and sensitive paradigm to study the mechanisms
	of long-term effects of drugs of abuse.},
  doi = {10.1038/npp.2009.143},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Valjent et al. - 2010 - Mechanisms of locomotor sensitization to drugs of abuse in a two-injection protocol.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1740-634X},
  keywords = {Analysis of Variance,Animals,Anisomycin,Anisomycin: pharmacology,Cocaine,Cocaine:
	pharmacology,Corpus Striatum,Corpus Striatum: drug effects,Corpus
	Striatum: metabolism,Disease Models, Animal,Dizocilpine Maleate,Dizocilpine
	Maleate: pharmacology,Dopamine Agonists,Dopamine Agonists: pharmacology,Dopamine
	Antagonists,Dopamine Antagonists: pharmacology,Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors,Dopamine
	Uptake Inhibitors: pharmacology,Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein
	32,Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32: gen,Drug Administration
	Routes,Drug Administration Schedule,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists,Excitatory
	Amino Acid Antagonists: pharmacology,Extracellular Signal-Regulated
	MAP Kinases,Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases: metabo,Gene
	Expression Regulation,Gene Expression Regulation: drug effects,Gene
	Expression Regulation: genetics,Green Fluorescent Proteins,Green
	Fluorescent Proteins: genetics,Male,Maze Learning,Maze Learning:
	drug effects,Mice,Mice, Inbred C57BL,Mice, Transgenic,Morphine,Morphine:
	pharmacology,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: drug effects,Motor Activity:
	genetics,Motor Activity: physiology,Narcotics,Narcotics: pharmacology,Point
	Mutation,Point Mutation: genetics,Protein Synthesis Inhibitors,Protein
	Synthesis Inhibitors: pharmacology,Raclopride,Raclopride: pharmacology,Receptors,
	Dopamine D1,Receptors, Dopamine D1: antagonists \& inhibitors,Receptors,
	Dopamine D1: genetics,Substance-Related Disorders,Substance-Related
	Disorders: genetics,Substance-Related Disorders: physiopathology,Threonine,Threonine:
	genetics,Time Factors},
  pmid = {19759531},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759531}
}

@ARTICLE{VandekerckhoveTuerlinckx,
  author = {Vandekerckhove, Joachim and Tuerlinckx, Francis},
  title = {{No Title}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Vandekerckhove, Tuerlinckx - Unknown - No Title.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{VandekerckhoveTuerlinckx08,
  author = {Vandekerckhove, Joachim and Tuerlinckx, Francis},
  title = {{Diffusion model analysis with MATLAB: A DMAT primer}},
  journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {40},
  pages = {61--72},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  doi = {10.3758/BRM.40.1.61},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1554-351X},
  url = {http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/cgi/doi/10.3758/BRM.40.1.61}
}

@ARTICLE{VandekerckhoveTuerlinckx08a,
  author = {Vandekerckhove, J and Tuerlinckx, F},
  title = {{Diffusion model analysis with MATLAB: A DMAT primer}},
  journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
  year = {2008},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/LW677802478167X8.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{VandekerckhoveTuerlinckxLee,
  author = {Vandekerckhove, Joachim and Tuerlinckx, Francis and Lee, Michael
	D},
  title = {{No Title}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Vandekerckhove, Tuerlinckx, Lee - Unknown - No Title.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{VandekerckhoveTuerlinckxLee11,
  author = {Vandekerckhove, Joachim and Tuerlinckx, Francis and Lee, Michael
	D},
  title = {{Hierarchical diffusion models for two-choice response times.}},
  journal = {Psychological methods},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {44--62},
  number = {1},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Two-choice response times are a common type of data, and much research
	has been devoted to the development of process models for such data.
	However, the practical application of these models is notoriously
	complicated, and flexible methods are largely nonexistent. We combine
	a popular model for choice response times-the Wiener diffusion process-with
	techniques from psychometrics in order to construct a hierarchical
	diffusion model. Chief among these techniques is the application
	of random effects, with which we allow for unexplained variability
	among participants, items, or other experimental units. These techniques
	lead to a modeling framework that is highly flexible and easy to
	work with. Among the many novel models this statistical framework
	provides are a multilevel diffusion model, regression diffusion models,
	and a large family of explanatory diffusion models. We provide examples
	and the necessary computer code.},
  doi = {10.1037/a0021765},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1939-1463},
  keywords = {10,1037,Bayesian,DDM,Hierarchical,a0021765,address at the 65th,annual
	business meet-,diffusion model,doi,dx,hierarchical,http,in his 1957
	presidential,ing of the american,lee cronbach drew,org,psychological
	association,psychometrics,random effects,response time,supp,supplemental
	materials},
  mendeley-tags = {Bayesian,DDM,Hierarchical},
  pmid = {21299302},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21299302}
}

@ARTICLE{VargaLosonczyZemelmanEtAl09,
  author = {Varga, Viktor and Losonczy, Attila and Zemelman, Boris V and Borhegyi,
	Zsolt and Nyiri, G\'{a}bor and Domonkos, Andor and Hangya, Bal\'{a}zs
	and Holderith, No\'{e}mi and Magee, Jeffrey C and Freund, Tam\'{a}s
	F},
  title = {{Fast synaptic subcortical control of hippocampal circuits.}},
  journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {326},
  pages = {449--53},
  number = {5951},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Cortical information processing is under state-dependent control of
	subcortical neuromodulatory systems. Although this modulatory effect
	is thought to be mediated mainly by slow nonsynaptic metabotropic
	receptors, other mechanisms, such as direct synaptic transmission,
	are possible. Yet, it is currently unknown if any such form of subcortical
	control exists. Here, we present direct evidence of a strong, spatiotemporally
	precise excitatory input from an ascending neuromodulatory center.
	Selective stimulation of serotonergic median raphe neurons produced
	a rapid activation of hippocampal interneurons. At the network level,
	this subcortical drive was manifested as a pattern of effective disynaptic
	GABAergic inhibition that spread throughout the circuit. This form
	of subcortical network regulation should be incorporated into current
	concepts of normal and pathological cortical function.},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1178307},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Varga et al. - 2009 - Fast synaptic subcortical control of hippocampal circuits.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  keywords = {Animals,Electric Stimulation,Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials,Glutamic
	Acid,Glutamic Acid: physiology,Hippocampus,Hippocampus: cytology,Hippocampus:
	physiology,Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials,Interneurons,Interneurons:
	physiology,Mice,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Neural
	Pathways,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurons, Afferent,Neurons, Afferent:
	physiology,Patch-Clamp Techniques,Photic Stimulation,Raphe Nuclei,Raphe
	Nuclei: cytology,Raphe Nuclei: physiology,Rats,Rats, Sprague-Dawley,Serotonin,Serotonin:
	physiology,Synapses,Synapses: physiology,Synaptic Potentials,Synaptic
	Potentials: physiology},
  pmid = {19833972},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833972}
}

@ARTICLE{VazeyAston-Jones12,
  author = {Vazey, Elena M and Aston-Jones, Gary},
  title = {{The emerging role of norepinephrine in cognitive dysfunctions of
	Parkinson's disease.}},
  journal = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {48},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative
	disorder, affecting 1\% of the population over age 60. In those patients
	cognitive dysfunction is a persistent issue that impairs quality
	of life and productivity. Neuropathological studies demonstrate significant
	damage in brain regions outside the nigral dopamine (DA) system,
	including early degeneration of locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE)
	neurons, yet discussion of PD and treatment focus has remained dopaminergic-based.
	Motor symptoms benefit from DA replacement for many years, but other
	symptoms including several cognitive deficits continue unabated.
	Recent interest in non-DA substrates of PD highlights early involvement
	of LC-NE neurons and provides evidence for a prodromal phase, with
	cognitive disturbance, even in sporadic PD. We outline insights from
	basic research in LC-NE function to clinical and pathological evidence
	highlighting a role for NE in PD cognitive dysfunction. We propose
	that loss of LC-NE regulation, particularly in higher cortical regions,
	critically underlies certain cognitive dysfunctions in early PD.
	As a major unmet need for patients, research and use of NE drugs
	in PD may provide significant benefits for cognitive processing.},
  doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00048},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1662-5153},
  pmid = {22848194},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22848194}
}

@ARTICLE{VehtariOjanen12,
  author = {Vehtari, Aki and Ojanen, Janne},
  title = {{A survey of Bayesian predictive methods for model assessment, selection
	and comparison}},
  journal = {Statistics Surveys},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {142--228},
  doi = {10.1214/12-SS102},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Vehtari, Ojanen - 2012 - A survey of Bayesian predictive methods for model assessment, selection and comparison.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1935-7516},
  keywords = {62-02, 62C10Bayesian, predictive, model assessment,and phrases,bayesian,cross-validation,decision
	theory,expected utility,information cri-,model,model assessment,predictive,selection},
  url = {http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ssu/1356628931}
}

@ARTICLE{VerbruggenAronStevensEtAl10,
  author = {Verbruggen, Frederick and Aron, Adam R and Stevens, Micha\"{e}l A
	and Chambers, Christopher D},
  title = {{Theta burst stimulation dissociates attention and action updating
	in human inferior frontal cortex.}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
	of America},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {107},
  pages = {13966--71},
  number = {31},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Everyday circumstances require efficient updating of behavior. Brain
	systems in the right inferior frontal cortex have been identified
	as critical for some aspects of behavioral updating, such as stopping
	actions. However, the precise role of these neural systems is controversial.
	Here we examined how the inferior frontal cortex updates behavior
	by combining reversible cortical interference (transcranial magnetic
	stimulation) with an experimental task that measures different types
	of updating. We found that the right inferior frontal cortex can
	be functionally segregated into two subregions: a dorsal region,
	which is critical for visual detection of changes in the environment,
	and a ventral region, which updates the corresponding action plan.
	This dissociation reconciles competing accounts of prefrontal organization
	and casts light on the neural architecture of human cognitive control.},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1001957107},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Verbruggen et al. - 2010 - Theta burst stimulation dissociates attention and action updating in human inferior frontal cortex.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  keywords = {Adult,Attention,Cognition,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Functional
	Laterality,Humans,Male,Young Adult,rIFG,rIFJ,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  mendeley-tags = {rIFG,rIFJ,response inhibition,stop-signal},
  pmid = {20631303},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2922216\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{VerbruggenLogan09,
  author = {Verbruggen, Frederick and Logan, Gordon D},
  title = {{Proactive adjustments of response strategies in the stop-signal
	paradigm.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {835--54},
  number = {3},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {In the stop-signal paradigm, fast responses are harder to inhibit
	than slow responses, so subjects must balance speed in the go task
	with successful stopping in the stop task. In theory, subjects achieve
	this balance by adjusting response thresholds for the go task, making
	proactive adjustments in response to instructions that indicate that
	relevant stop signals are likely to occur. The 5 experiments reported
	here tested this theoretical claim, presenting cues that indicated
	whether or not stop signals were relevant for the next few trials.
	Subjects made proactive response-strategy adjustments in each experiment:
	Diffusion-model fits showed that response threshold increased when
	participants expected stop signals to occur, slowing go responses
	and increasing accuracy. Furthermore, the results show that subjects
	can make proactive response-strategy adjustments on a trial-by-trial
	basis, suggesting a flexible cognitive system that can proactively
	adjust itself in changing environments.},
  doi = {10.1037/a0012726},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Verbruggen, Logan - 2009 - Proactive adjustments of response strategies in the stop-signal paradigm.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0096-1523},
  keywords = {Attention,Choice Behavior,Cues,Discrimination Learning,Humans,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Models, Psychological,Pattern Recognition, Visual,Pitch
	Perception,Psychomotor Performance,Psychophysics,Reaction Time,Sensory
	Thresholds,Set (Psychology)},
  pmid = {19485695},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2690716\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{VerbruggenLogan08,
  author = {Verbruggen, Frederick and Logan, Gordon D},
  title = {{After-effects of goal shifting and response inhibition: a comparison
	of the stop-change and dual-task paradigms.}},
  journal = {Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {1151--9},
  number = {8},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {In the present study, we tested three hypotheses that account for
	after-effects of response inhibition and goal shifting: the goal-shifting
	hypothesis, the reaction time (RT) adjustment hypothesis, and the
	stimulus-goal association hypothesis. To distinguish between the
	hypotheses, we examined performance in the stop-change paradigm and
	the dual-task paradigm. In the stop-change paradigm, we found that
	responding on no-signal trials slowed down when a stop-change signal
	was presented on the previous trial. Similarly, in the dual-task
	paradigm, we found that responding on no-signal trials slowed down
	when a dual-task signal was presented on the previous trial. However,
	aftereffects of unsuccessful inhibition or dual-task performance
	were observed only when the stimulus of the previous trial was repeated.
	These results are consistent with stimulus--goal association hypothesis,
	which assumes that the stimulus is associated with the different
	task goals on signal trials; when the stimulus is repeated, the tasks
	goal are retrieved, and interference occurs.},
  issn = {1747-0218},
  keywords = {Auditory Perception,Goals,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Reaction
	Time,Visual Perception},
  pmid = {18938760},
  shorttitle = {Q J Exp Psychol (Colchester)},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18938760}
}

@ARTICLE{VerbruggenSchneiderLogan08,
  author = {Verbruggen, Frederick and Schneider, Darryl W and Logan, Gordon D},
  title = {{How to stop and change a response: the role of goal activation in
	multitasking.}},
  journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {34},
  pages = {1212--28},
  number = {5},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Multitasking was studied in the stop-change paradigm, in which the
	response for a primary GO1 task had to be stopped and replaced by
	a response for a secondary GO2 task on some trials. In 2 experiments,
	the delay between the stop signal and the change signal was manipulated
	to determine which task goals (GO1, GO2, or STOP) were involved in
	performance and to determine whether the goals were activated in
	series or in parallel. As the delay increased, the probability of
	responding on stop trials changed very little, but GO2 task reaction
	times decreased substantially. Such effects are consistent with both
	a nondeterministic serial model (in which the GO1 goal is replaced
	by the STOP goal, which is subsequently replaced by the GO2 goal)
	and a limited-capacity parallel model (in which stopping and GO2
	processing occur concurrently) with a capacity-sharing proportion
	that resembles serial processing.},
  doi = {10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1212},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Verbruggen, Schneider, Logan - 2008 - How to stop and change a response the role of goal activation in multitasking.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0096-1523},
  keywords = {Goals,Higher Nervous Activity,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Models,
	Psychological,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction Time},
  pmid = {18823206},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823206}
}

@ARTICLE{Vickers70,
  author = {Vickers, D},
  title = {{Evidence for an accumulator model of psychophysical discrimination.}},
  journal = {Ergonomics},
  year = {1970},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {37--58},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Recent theoretical approaches to the problem of psychophysical discrimination
	have produced what may be classified as ? statistical decision ?
	or ? data accumulation ? models. While the former have received much
	attention their application to judgment and choice meets with some
	difficulties. Among the latter, the two types which have received
	most attention are a ? runs ? and a ? recruitment ? model, but neither
	seems able to account for all of the relevant data. It is suggested
	instead that an ? accumulator ? model, in which sampled events may
	vary in magnitude as well as probability, can be developed to give
	a good account of much of the available data on psychophysical discrimination.
	Two experiments are reported, in which the subject presses one of
	two keys as soon as he has decided whether the longer of two simultaneously
	presented lines is on the left or right. Results are found to be
	inconsistent with a runs or recruitment process, but to accord well
	with predictions from the accumulator model. Other evidence consistent
	with such a mechanism is briefly reviewed Recent theoretical approaches
	to the problem of psychophysical discrimination have produced what
	may be classified as ? statistical decision ? or ? data accumulation
	? models. While the former have received much attention their application
	to judgment and choice meets with some difficulties. Among the latter,
	the two types which have received most attention are a ? runs ? and
	a ? recruitment ? model, but neither seems able to account for all
	of the relevant data. It is suggested instead that an ? accumulator
	? model, in which sampled events may vary in magnitude as well as
	probability, can be developed to give a good account of much of the
	available data on psychophysical discrimination. Two experiments
	are reported, in which the subject presses one of two keys as soon
	as he has decided whether the longer of two simultaneously presented
	lines is on the left or right. Results are found to be inconsistent
	with a runs or recruitment process, but to accord well with predictions
	from the accumulator model. Other evidence consistent with such a
	mechanism is briefly reviewed},
  doi = {10.1080/00140137008931117},
  issn = {0014-0139},
  keywords = {Decision Making,Discrimination (Psychology),Humans,Models, Psychological,Psychophysics},
  pmid = {5416868},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140137008931117}
}

@ARTICLE{VlaevChaterStewartEtAl11,
  author = {Vlaev, Ivo and Chater, Nick and Stewart, Neil and Brown, Gordon D
	a},
  title = {{Does the brain calculate value?}},
  journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {546--554},
  number = {11},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {How do people choose between options? At one extreme, the 'value-first'
	view is that the brain computes the value of different options and
	simply favours options with higher values. An intermediate position,
	taken by many psychological models of judgment and decision making,
	is that values are computed but that the resulting choices depend
	heavily on the context of available options. At the other extreme,
	the 'comparison-only' view argues that choice depends directly on
	comparisons, with or even without any intermediate computation of
	value. In this paper, we place past and current psychological and
	neuroscientific theories on this spectrum, and review empirical data
	that have led to an increasing focus on comparison rather than value
	as the driver of choice.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2011.09.008},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Vlaev et al. - 2011 - Does the brain calculate value.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1879-307X},
  pmid = {21983149},
  publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21983149}
}

@ARTICLE{VossVoss07,
  author = {Voss, Andreas and Voss, Jochen},
  title = {{Fast-dm: a free program for efficient diffusion model analysis.}},
  journal = {Behavior research methods},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {39},
  pages = {767--75},
  number = {4},
  month = nov,
  abstract = {In the present article, a flexible and fast computer program, called
	fast-dm, for diffusion model data analysis is introduced. Fast-dm
	is free software that can be downloaded from the authors' websites.
	The program allows estimating all parameters of Ratcliff's (1978)
	diffusion model from the empirical response time distributions of
	any binary classification task. Fast-dm is easy to use: it reads
	input data from simple text files, while program settings are specified
	by commands in a control file. With fast-dm, complex models can be
	fitted, where some parameters may vary between experimental conditions,
	while other parameters are constrained to be equal across conditions.
	Detailed directions for use of fast-dm are presented, as well as
	results from three short simulation studies exemplifying the utility
	of fast-dm.},
  file = {::},
  issn = {1554-351X},
  keywords = {Algorithms,Humans,Models, Psychological,Psychology,Psychology: methods,Psychology:
	statistics \& numerical data,Software},
  pmid = {18183889},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18183889}
}

@ARTICLE{VossVoss07a,
  author = {Voss, a and Voss, J},
  title = {{A fast numerical algorithm for the estimation of diffusion model
	parameters}},
  journal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {52},
  pages = {1--12},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2007.09.005},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Voss, Voss - 2007 - A fast numerical algorithm for the estimation of diffusion model parameters(2).pdf:pdf;::},
  issn = {00222496},
  keywords = {diffusion model,fast-dm,parameter estimation,partial differential
	equation,pde},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022249607000685}
}

@ARTICLE{VugtSimenCohen10,
  author = {van Vugt, M.K. and Simen, Patrick and Cohen, J.D.},
  title = {{Finding neural correlates of drift diffusion processes in EEG oscillations}},
  journal = {palm.mindmodeling.org},
  year = {2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/van Vugt, Simen, Cohen - 2010 - Finding neural correlates of drift diffusion processes in EEG oscillations.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {decision making,drift diffusion model,eeg},
  url = {http://palm.mindmodeling.org/cogsci2011/papers/0578/paper0578.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WagenmakersLeeLodewyckxEtAl80,
  author = {Wagenmakers, Eric-jan and Lee, Michael and Lodewyckx, Tom and Iverson,
	Geoff},
  title = {{Bayesian Versus Frequentist Inference}},
  year = {1980},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wagenmakers et al. - 1980 - Bayesian Versus Frequentist Inference.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WaltherFriederichStippichEtAl11,
  author = {Walther, Stephan and Friederich, Hans-Christoph and Stippich, Christoph
	and Weisbrod, Matthias and Kaiser, Stefan},
  title = {{Response inhibition or salience detection in the right ventrolateral
	prefrontal cortex?}},
  journal = {Neuroreport},
  year = {2011},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {This study addresses the question of whether frontal activation in
	response-inhibition tasks is specifically associated with the suppression
	of a motor response. An alternative model suggests a role in the
	detection of behaviorally relevant or salient events. For this purpose,
	we used functional MRI with an auditory go/no-go paradigm. This paradigm
	allowed the disentangling of inhibition-related from salience-related
	effects, which were associated with different frontal regions. Importantly,
	the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex consistently showed sensitivity
	for salience but not for inhibition requirements. This reflects a
	more general salience-detection mechanism, which is not specific
	for response-inhibition tasks.},
  doi = {10.1097/WNR.0b013e32834af670},
  issn = {1473-558X},
  keywords = {rIFG,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {rIFG,response inhibition},
  pmid = {21876462},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876462}
}

@ARTICLE{WaltzFrankRobinsonEtAl07,
  author = {Waltz, James a. and Frank, Michael J. and Robinson, Benjamin M. and
	Gold, James M.},
  title = {{Selective Reinforcement Learning Deficits in Schizophrenia Support
	Predictions from Computational Models of Striatal-Cortical Dysfunction}},
  journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {756--764},
  number = {7},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.042},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Waltz et al. - 2007 - Selective Reinforcement Learning Deficits in Schizophrenia Support Predictions from Computational Models of Striatal-Cortical Dysfunction.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {00063223},
  keywords = {basal ganglia,difficult,dopamine,explaining the differential impairment,given
	the evidence that,inforcement,of these learning,orbitofrontal,prefrontal,processes
	in schizophrenia is,re-,schizophrenia},
  url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000632230601239X}
}

@ARTICLE{WaltzFrankWieckiEtAl11,
  author = {Waltz, James a and Frank, Michael J and Wiecki, Thomas V and Gold,
	James M},
  title = {{Altered probabilistic learning and response biases in schizophrenia:
	behavioral evidence and neurocomputational modeling.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychology},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {86--97},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) show reinforcement learning impairments
	related to both the gradual/procedural acquisition of reward contingencies,
	and the ability to use trial-to-trial feedback to make rapid behavioral
	adjustments.},
  doi = {10.1037/a0020882},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Waltz et al. - 2011 - Altered probabilistic learning and response biases in schizophrenia behavioral evidence and neurocomputational modeling.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1931-1559},
  keywords = {Adult,Analysis of Variance,Bias (Epidemiology),Choice Behavior,Choice
	Behavior: physiology,Computer Simulation,Female,Humans,Male,Middle
	Aged,Models,Neurological,Neuropsychological Tests,Probability Learning,Psychiatric
	Status Rating Scales,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Reinforcement
	(Psychology),Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia: physiopathology,Schizophrenic
	Psychology,Statistics as Topic},
  pmid = {21090899},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3050485\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{WangBleiUniveristy,
  author = {Wang, Chong and Blei, David M DM and Univeristy, P},
  title = {{Truncation-free Stochastic Variational Inference for Bayesian Nonparametric
	Models}},
  journal = {cs.princeton.edu},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wang, Blei, Univeristy - Unknown - Truncation-free Stochastic Variational Inference for Bayesian Nonparametric Models.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~blei/papers/WangBlei2012.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WangCarinDunson10,
  author = {Wang, Chunping and Carin, Lawrence and Dunson, David B},
  title = {{Classification with Incomplete Data Using Dirichlet Process Priors}},
  journal = {Journal of Machine Learning},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {3269--3311},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wang, Carin, Dunson - 2010 - Classification with Incomplete Data Using Dirichlet Process Priors.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {classification,dirichlet process,expert,incomplete data,multi-,variational
	bayesian}
}

@ARTICLE{Wang10,
  author = {Wang, X.J.},
  title = {{Neurophysiological and computational principles of cortical rhythms
	in cognition}},
  journal = {Physiological reviews},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {90},
  pages = {1195},
  number = {3},
  doi = {10.1152/physrev.00035.2008.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wang - 2010 - Neurophysiological and computational principles of cortical rhythms in cognition.pdf:pdf},
  publisher = {Am Physiological Soc},
  url = {http://physrev.physiology.org/content/90/3/1195.short}
}

@ARTICLE{WangIsodaMatsuzakaEtAl05,
  author = {Wang, Yan and Isoda, Masaki and Matsuzaka, Yoshiya and Shima, Keisetsu
	and Tanji, Jun},
  title = {{Prefrontal cortical cells projecting to the supplementary eye field
	and presupplementary motor area in the monkey.}},
  journal = {Neuroscience research},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {53},
  pages = {1--7},
  number = {1},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {We examined the location and spatial distribution of prefrontal cortical
	(PF) cells projecting to the supplementary eye field (SEF) and presupplementary
	motor area (pre-SMA) using a double retrograde-labeling technique
	in monkeys (Macaca fuscata). The SEF and pre-SMA were physiologically
	identified based on the findings of intracortical microstimulation
	and single cell recordings. Two fluorescent tracers, diamidino yellow
	and fast blue, were injected into the SEF and pre-SMA of each monkey.
	Retrogradely labeled cells in the PF were plotted with an automated
	plotting system. The cells projecting to the SEF and pre-SMA were
	mainly distributed in the upper and lower banks of the principal
	sulcus (area 46), with little overlap. Cells projecting to the SEF,
	but not to the pre-SMA, were observed in areas 8a, 8b, 9, 12, and
	45. These findings suggest that the SEF and pre-SMA receive different
	sets of information from the PF cells.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neures.2005.05.005},
  issn = {0168-0102},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Action Potentials:
	radiation effects,Amidines,Amidines: metabolism,Animals,Brain Mapping,Electric
	Stimulation,Electric Stimulation: methods,Eye Movements,Eye Movements:
	physiology,Macaca fascicularis,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: cytology,Motor
	Cortex: physiology,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: cytology,Neural
	Pathways: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal
	Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Statistics,
	Nonparametric},
  pmid = {15992955},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992955}
}

@ARTICLE{WatanabeMunoz11,
  author = {Watanabe, Masayuki and Munoz, Douglas P},
  title = {{Probing basal ganglia functions by saccade eye movements.}},
  journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {2070--90},
  number = {11},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {The basal ganglia (BG) are a group of subcortical structures involved
	in diverse functions, such as motor, cognition and emotion. However,
	the BG do not control these functions directly, but rather modulate
	functional processes occurring in structures outside the BG. The
	BG form multiple functional loops, each of which controls different
	functions with similar architectures. Accordingly, to understand
	the modulatory role of the BG, it is strategic to uncover the mechanisms
	of signal processing within specific functional loops that control
	simple neural circuits outside the BG, and then extend the knowledge
	to other BG loops. The saccade control system is one of the best-understood
	neural circuits in the brain. Furthermore, sophisticated saccade
	paradigms have been used extensively in clinical research in patients
	with BG disorders as well as in basic research in behaving monkeys.
	In this review, we describe recent advances of BG research from the
	viewpoint of saccade control. Specifically, we account for experimental
	results from neuroimaging and clinical studies in humans based on
	the updated knowledge of BG functions derived from neurophysiological
	experiments in behaving monkeys by taking advantage of homologies
	in saccade behavior. It has become clear that the traditional BG
	network model for saccade control is too limited to account for recent
	evidence emerging from the roles of subcortical nuclei not incorporated
	in the model. Here, we extend the traditional model and propose a
	new hypothetical framework to facilitate clinical and basic BG research
	and dialogue in the future.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07691.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Watanabe, Munoz - 2011 - Probing basal ganglia functions by saccade eye movements.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-9568},
  keywords = {action selection,antisaccade,decision making,deep brain stimulation,monkeys,neurological
	and psychiatric disorders,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade,response inhibition},
  pmid = {21645102},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21645102}
}

@ARTICLE{WatanabeMunoz10,
  author = {Watanabe, Masayuki and Munoz, Douglas P},
  title = {{Saccade suppression by electrical microstimulation in monkey caudate
	nucleus.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {2700--9},
  number = {7},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {It has been suggested that the caudate nucleus, the input stage of
	the basal ganglia, facilitates and suppresses saccade initiation
	based on its anatomical characteristics. Although the involvement
	of the caudate nucleus in saccade facilitation has been shown previously,
	it is still unclear whether the caudate nucleus is also involved
	in saccade suppression. Here, we revealed the direct involvement
	of the caudate nucleus in saccade suppression by electrical microstimulation
	in behaving monkeys. We delivered microstimulation to the caudate
	nucleus while monkeys performed the prosaccade (look toward a peripheral
	visual stimulus) and antisaccade (look away from the stimulus) paradigm.
	The reaction times of contralateral saccades were prolonged on both
	prosaccade and antisaccade trials. The suppression effects on reaction
	times were stronger on prosaccade trials compared with antisaccade
	trials. The analysis of reaction time distributions using the linear
	approach to threshold with ergodic rate model (LATER model) revealed
	that microstimulation prolonged reaction times by reducing the rate
	of rise to the threshold for saccade initiation. Microstimulation
	also worsened correct performance rates for contralateral saccades.
	The same microstimulation prolonged and/or shortened the reaction
	times of ipsilateral saccades, although the effects were not as consistent
	as those on contralateral saccades. We conclude that caudate signals
	are sufficient to suppress contralateral saccades and influence saccadic
	decision by controlling contralateral and ipsilateral saccade commands
	at the same time.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5011-09.2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Watanabe, Munoz - 2010 - Saccade suppression by electrical microstimulation in monkey caudate nucleus.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Animals,Attention,Attention: physiology,Behavior, Animal,Behavior,
	Animal: physiology,Caudate Nucleus,Caudate Nucleus: physiology,Electric
	Stimulation,Electric Stimulation: methods,Fixation, Ocular,Fixation,
	Ocular: physiology,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Macaca
	mulatta,Macaca mulatta: anatomy \& histology,Macaca mulatta: physiology,Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods,Male,Models,
	Biological,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction
	Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades: physiology},
  pmid = {20164354},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164354}
}

@ARTICLE{WatanabeMunoz10a,
  author = {Watanabe, Masayuki and Munoz, Douglas P},
  title = {{Presetting basal ganglia for volitional actions.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {10144--57},
  number = {30},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {The basal ganglia (BG) have been considered as a key structure for
	volitional action preparation. Neurons in the striatum, the main
	BG input stage, increase activity gradually before volitional action
	initiation. However, because of the diversity of striatal motor commands,
	such as automatic (sensory driven) and volitional (internally driven)
	actions, it is still unclear whether an appropriate set of neurons
	encoding volitional actions are activated selectively for volitional
	action preparation. Here, using the antisaccade paradigm (look away
	from a visual stimulus), we dissociated neurons in the caudate nucleus,
	the oculomotor striatum, encoding predominantly automatic saccades
	toward the stimulus and volitional saccades in the opposite direction
	of the stimulus in monkeys. We found that before actual saccade directions
	were defined by visual stimulus appearance, neurons encoding volitional
	saccades increased activity with elapsed time from fixation initiation
	and by a temporal gap between fixation point disappearance and stimulus
	appearance. Their activity was further enhanced by an antisaccade
	instruction and correlated with antisaccade behavior. Neurons encoding
	automatic saccades also increased activity with elapsed time from
	fixation initiation and by a fixation gap. However, the activity
	of this type of neuron was not enhanced by an antisaccade instruction
	nor correlated with antisaccade behavior. We conclude that caudate
	neurons integrate nonspatial signals, such as elapsed time from fixation
	initiation, fixation gap, and task instructions, to preset BG circuits
	in favor of volitional actions to compete against automatic actions
	even before automatic and volitional commands are programmed with
	spatial information.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1738-10.2010},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Watanabe, Munoz - 2010 - Presetting basal ganglia for volitional actions.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Analysis of Variance,Animals,Basal
	Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: cytology,Basal Ganglia: physiology,Color Perception,Color
	Perception: physiology,Fixation,Functional Laterality,Functional
	Laterality: physiology,Linear Models,Macaca mulatta,Male,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Ocular,Ocular: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation:
	methods,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Volition,Volition: physiology},
  pmid = {20668198},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20668198}
}

@ARTICLE{WatanabeMunoz09,
  author = {Watanabe, Masayuki and Munoz, Douglas P},
  title = {{Neural correlates of conflict resolution between automatic and volitional
	actions by basal ganglia.}},
  journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {2165--76},
  number = {11},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {A dominant basal ganglia (BG) model consists of two functionally opposite
	pathways: one facilitates motor output and the other suppresses it.
	Although this idea was originally proposed to account for motor deficits,
	it has been extended recently also to explain cognitive deficits.
	Here, we employed the antisaccade paradigm (look away from a stimulus)
	to address the role of the caudate nucleus, the main BG input stage
	where the two pathways diverge, in conflict resolution. Using single
	neuron recordings in awake monkeys, we identified the following three
	groups of neurons. The first group of neurons showed activity consistent
	with sensory-driven (automatic) saccades toward a contralateral visual
	stimulus. The second group of neurons showed activity consistent
	with internally driven (volitional) saccades toward the contralateral
	side regardless of stimulus locations. The third group of neurons
	showed similar firing characteristics with the second group of neurons,
	except that their preferred saccade direction was ipsilateral. The
	activity of the three groups of neurons was correlated with behavioral
	outcome. Based on these findings, we suggest the following hypothesis:
	the first and second groups of neurons encoding automatic and volitional
	saccades, respectively, might give rise to the facilitation (direct)
	pathway and promote saccades toward the opposite directions, which
	creates a response conflict. This conflict could be resolved by the
	third group of caudate neurons, which might give rise to the suppression
	(indirect) pathway and attenuate inappropriate saccade commands toward
	the stimulus.},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06998.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Watanabe, Munoz - 2009 - Neural correlates of conflict resolution between automatic and volitional actions by basal ganglia.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-9568},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Basal Ganglia,Basal
	Ganglia: cytology,Basal Ganglia: physiology,Behavior, Animal,Brain
	Mapping,Conflict (Psychology),Fixation, Ocular,Functional Laterality,Functional
	Laterality: physiology,Linear Models,Macaca mulatta,Magnetic Resonance
	Imaging,Models, Neurological,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Neuropsychological Tests,Orientation,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Saccades,Saccades: physiology,Time
	Factors},
  pmid = {20128852},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20128852}
}

@ARTICLE{WegenerJohnstonEverling08,
  author = {Wegener, Stephen P and Johnston, Kevin and Everling, Stefan},
  title = {{Microstimulation of monkey dorsolateral prefrontal cortex impairs
	antisaccade performance.}},
  journal = {Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Exp\'{e}rimentation
	c\'{e}r\'{e}brale},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {190},
  pages = {463--73},
  number = {4},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in
	various cognitive functions, including response suppression. This
	function is frequently probed with the antisaccade task, which requires
	suppression of the automatic tendency to look toward a flashed peripheral
	stimulus (prosaccade), and instead generate a voluntary saccade to
	the mirror location. To test whether activity in the DLPFC is causally
	linked to antisaccade performance, we applied electrical microstimulation
	to sites in the DLPFC of two monkeys, while they performed randomly
	interleaved pro- and antisaccade trials. Microstimulation resulted
	in significantly longer saccadic reaction times for ipsilaterally
	directed prosaccades and antisaccades, and increased the error rate
	on ipsilateral antisaccade trials. These findings provide causal
	evidence that activity in the DLPFC influences saccadic eye movements.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00221-008-1488-4},
  issn = {1432-1106},
  keywords = {Animals,Attention,Attention: physiology,Electric Stimulation,Macaca
	mulatta,Male,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Prefrontal
	Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Volition,Volition: physiology},
  pmid = {18641976},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641976}
}

@ARTICLE{WellingTeh11,
  author = {Welling, Max and Teh, Ye-wy},
  title = {{Bayesian Learning via Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics}},
  year = {2011},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Welling, Teh - 2011 - Bayesian Learning via Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://people.ee.duke.edu/~lcarin/398\_icmlpaper.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WhiskyTheresia92,
  author = {Whisky, The and Theresia, Store},
  title = {{Das elektronische Patentinformationssystem PATIS des Deutschen Patentamts}},
  journal = {World Patent Information},
  year = {1992},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {56},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  doi = {10.1016/0172-2190(92)90187-N},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Whisky, Theresia - 1992 - Das elektronische Patentinformationssystem PATIS des Deutschen Patentamts.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{White09,
  author = {White, C},
  title = {{A Model-Based Analysis of Anxiety and Biased Processing of Threatening
	Information}},
  year = {2009},
  file = {::},
  url = {http://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/44499}
}

@ARTICLE{WhiteRatcliffVaseyEtAl10,
  author = {White, CN Corey N and Ratcliff, Roger and Vasey, MW Michael W and
	McKoon, Gail},
  title = {{Using diffusion models to understand clinical disorders.}},
  journal = {Journal of mathematical psychology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {54},
  pages = {39--52},
  number = {1},
  month = feb,
  abstract = {Sequential sampling models provide an alternative to traditional analyses
	of reaction times and accuracy in two-choice tasks. These models
	are reviewed with particular focus on the diffusion model (Ratcliff,
	1978) and how its application can aide research on clinical disorders.
	The advantages of a diffusion model analysis over traditional comparisons
	are shown through simulations and a simple lexical decision experiment.
	Application of the diffusion model to a clinically-relevant topic
	is demonstrated through an analysis of data from nonclinical participants
	with high- and low-trait anxiety in a recognition memory task. The
	model showed that after committing an error, participants with high
	trait anxiety responded more cautiously by increasing their boundary
	separation, whereas participants with low trait anxiety did not.
	The article concludes with suggestions for ways to improve and broaden
	the application of these models to studies of clinical disorders.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Using diffusion models to understand clinical
	disorders. - White, CN Corey N; Ratcliff, Roger; Vasey, MW Michael
	W; McKoon, Gail )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( Using diffusion models to understand clinical
	disorders. - White, Corey N; Ratcliff, Roger; Vasey, Michael W; McKoon,
	Gail )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Using diffusion models to understand clinical
	disorders. - White, Corey N; Ratcliff, Roger; Vasey, Michael W; McKoon,
	Gail )

	 2 Experiments:

	 1. High anxiety -> increased bias towards threatening words 2. High
	anxiety -> increased threshold following errors






	 From Duplicate 2 ( Using diffusion models to understand clinical
	disorders. - White, Corey N; Ratcliff, Roger; Vasey, Michael W; McKoon,
	Gail )

	 2 Experiments:

	 1. High anxiety -> increased bias towards threatening words 2. High
	anxiety -> increased threshold following errors


	 },
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmp.2010.01.004},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/White et al. - 2010 - Using diffusion models to understand clinical disorders.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0022-2496},
  pmid = {20431690},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2859713\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022249610000155}
}

@ARTICLE{White,
  author = {White, Corey N},
  title = {{A test of Bayesian observer models of processing in the Eriksen
	flanker task}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/White - Unknown - A test of Bayesian observer models of processing in the Eriksen flanker task.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WhiteRatcliffStarnsEtAl10,
  author = {White, Corey N and Ratcliff, Roger and Starns, Jeffrey S. J S. and
	Whitea, Corey N.},
  title = {{Diffusion models of the flanker task: Discrete versus gradual attentional
	selection}},
  journal = {Cognitive Psychology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {210--238},
  number = {1989},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {The present study tested diffusion models of processing in the flanker
	task, in which participants identify a target that is flanked by
	items that indicate the same (congruent) or opposite response (incongruent).
	Single- and dual-process flanker models were implemented in a diffusion-model
	framework and tested against data from experiments that manipulated
	response bias, speed/accuracy tradeoffs, attentional focus, and stimulus
	configuration. There was strong mimcry among the models, and each
	captured the main trends in the data for the standard conditions.
	However, when more complex conditions were used, a single-process
	spotlight model captured qualitative and quantitative patterns that
	the dual-process models could not. Since the single-process model
	provided the best balance of fit quality and parsimony, the results
	indicate that processing in the simple versions of the flanker task
	is better described by gradual rather than discrete narrowing of
	attention.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2011.08.001},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb//White et al. - 2010 - Diffusion models of the flanker task Discrete versus gradual attentional selection.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-5623},
  keywords = {diffusion model,dual process,flanker task,model selection,single process,visual
	attention},
  pmid = {21964663},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2011.08.001}
}

@ARTICLE{WhiteRatcliffVaseyEtAl10a,
  author = {White, Corey N and Ratcliff, Roger and Vasey, Michael W and McKoon,
	Gail},
  title = {{Anxiety enhances threat processing without competition among multiple
	inputs: a diffusion model analysis.}},
  journal = {Emotion (Washington, D.C.)},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {10},
  pages = {662--77},
  number = {5},
  month = oct,
  abstract = {Enhanced processing of threatening information is a well established
	phenomenon among high-anxious individuals. This effect is most reliably
	shown in situations where 2 or more items compete for processing
	resources, suggesting that input competition is a critical component
	of the effect. However, it could be that there are small effects
	in situations without input competition, but the dependent measures
	typically used are not sensitive enough to detect them. The present
	study analyzed data from a noncompetition task, single-string lexical
	decision, with the diffusion model, a decision process model that
	provides a more direct measure of performance differences than either
	response times or accuracy alone. The diffusion model analysis showed
	a consistent processing advantage for threatening words in high-anxious
	individuals, whereas traditional comparisons showed no significant
	differences. These results challenge the view that input competition
	is necessary for enhanced threat processing. Implications for theories
	of anxiety are discussed.},
  doi = {10.1037/a0019474},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/White et al. - 2010 - Anxiety enhances threat processing without competition among multiple inputs a diffusion model analysis.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1931-1516},
  keywords = {Anxiety,Anxiety: psychology,Automatic Data Processing,Female,Humans,Linguistics,Male,Models,
	Psychological},
  pmid = {21038949},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21038949}
}

@ARTICLE{WhiteRatcliffVaseyEtAl35,
  author = {White, Corey N and Ratcliff, Roger and Vasey, Michael W and Mckoon,
	Gail and White, Corey},
  title = {{No Title}},
  year = {1835},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/White et al. - 1835 - No Title.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WieckiFrank11,
  author = {Wiecki, Thomas V. and Frank, Michael J.},
  title = {{A computational model of executive control in frontal cortex and
	basal ganglia: multiple levels of analysis}},
  journal = {Psychological Review.},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {1--64},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Planning and executing volitional actions in the face of conflicting
	habitual responses is a critical aspect of human behavior. At the
	core of the interplay between these two control systems lies an override
	mechanism that can suppress the habitual action selection process
	and allow executive control to take over. Here, we construct a neural
	circuit model informed by behavioral and electrophysiological data
	collected from multiple domains including response inhibition, switching,
	salience detection, and volitional control. This model extends a
	well established model of action selection in the basal ganglia (BG)
	by including three frontal regions: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,
	inferior frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex, together with
	their innervation by norepinephrine. The frontal network detects
	salient events, integrates information about sensory input and task
	rules, and detects conflict between prepotent and controlled responses.
	In turn, these regions act to pause action selection via projections
	to the subthalamic nucleus, allowing executive control to influence
	behavior. Our model reproduces key patterns of behavioral data in
	the antisaccade and stop signal tasks, and their sensitivity to lesions
	and pharmacological manipulations. It also captures electrophysiological
	data in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and superior colliculus
	in these tasks. We further develop a higher level description of
	the associated processes based on the drift diffusion model (DDM),
	with a switch in the drift rate when cognitive control is issued.
	We systematically investigate the relationship between neural model
	and switch-DDM parameters, thereby developing predictions about the
	neurobiological modulators of distinct components to executive control.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( A computational model of inhibitory control in
	frontal cortex and basal ganglia. - Wiecki, Thomas V.; Frank, Michael
	J. )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( A computational model of inhibitory control in
	frontal cortex and basal ganglia. - Wiecki, Thomas V.; Frank, Michael
	J. )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( A computational model of executive control in
	frontal cortex and basal ganglia: multiple levels of analysis - Wiecki,
	Thomas V.; Frank, Michael J. )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( A computational model of executive control in
	frontal cortex and basal ganglia: multiple levels of analysis - Wiecki,
	Thomas V.; Frank, Michael J. )










	 },
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {1112.0778},
  eprint = {1112.0778},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wiecki, Frank - 2011 - A computational model of executive control in frontal cortex and basal ganglia multiple levels of analysis.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {Neurons and Cognition},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0778}
}

@ARTICLE{WieckiFrank11a,
  author = {Wiecki, Thomas V. and Frank, Michael J.},
  title = {{A computational model of inhibitory control in frontal cortex and
	basal ganglia.}},
  journal = {Psychological Review.},
  year = {2011},
  pages = {1--64},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Planning and executing volitional actions in the face of conflicting
	habitual responses is a critical aspect of human behavior. At the
	core of the interplay between these two control systems lies an override
	mechanism that can suppress the habitual action selection process
	and allow executive control to take over. Here, we construct a neural
	circuit model informed by behavioral and electrophysiological data
	collected from multiple domains including response inhibition, switching,
	salience detection, and volitional control. This model extends a
	well established model of action selection in the basal ganglia (BG)
	by including three frontal regions: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,
	inferior frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex, together with
	their innervation by norepinephrine. The frontal network detects
	salient events, integrates information about sensory input and task
	rules, and detects conflict between prepotent and controlled responses.
	In turn, these regions act to pause action selection via projections
	to the subthalamic nucleus, allowing executive control to influence
	behavior. Our model reproduces key patterns of behavioral data in
	the antisaccade and stop signal tasks, and their sensitivity to lesions
	and pharmacological manipulations. It also captures electrophysiological
	data in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, and superior colliculus
	in these tasks. We further develop a higher level description of
	the associated processes based on the drift diffusion model (DDM),
	with a switch in the drift rate when cognitive control is issued.
	We systematically investigate the relationship between neural model
	and switch-DDM parameters, thereby developing predictions about the
	neurobiological modulators of distinct components to executive control.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 2 ( A computational model of inhibitory control in
	frontal cortex and basal ganglia. - Wiecki, Thomas V.; Frank, Michael
	J. )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( A computational model of executive control in
	frontal cortex and basal ganglia: multiple levels of analysis - Wiecki,
	Thomas V.; Frank, Michael J. )


	 From Duplicate 1 ( A computational model of executive control in
	frontal cortex and basal ganglia: multiple levels of analysis - Wiecki,
	Thomas V.; Frank, Michael J. )








	 },
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
  arxivid = {1112.0778},
  eprint = {1112.0778},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wiecki, Frank - 2011 - A computational model of executive control in frontal cortex and basal ganglia multiple levels of analysis.pdf:pdf},
  keywords = {Neurons and Cognition},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.0778}
}

@ARTICLE{WieckiFrank10,
  author = {Wiecki, Thomas V and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's
	disease.}},
  journal = {Progress in brain research},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {183},
  pages = {275--97},
  number = {10},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {We review the contributions of biologically constrained computational
	models to our understanding of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's
	disease (PD). The loss of dopaminergic neurons innervating the striatum
	in PD, and the well-established role of dopamine (DA) in reinforcement
	learning (RL), enable neural network models of the basal ganglia
	(BG) to derive concrete and testable predictions. We focus in this
	review on one simple underlying principle - the notion that reduced
	DA increases activity and causes long-term potentiation in the indirect
	pathway of the BG. We show how this theory can provide a unified
	account of diverse and seemingly unrelated phenomena in PD including
	progressive motor degeneration as well as cognitive deficits in RL,
	decision making and working memory. DA replacement therapy and deep
	brain stimulation can alleviate some aspects of these impairments,
	but can actually introduce negative effects such as motor dyskinesias
	and cognitive impulsivity. We discuss these treatment effects in
	terms of modulation of specific mechanisms within the computational
	framework. In addition, we review neurocomputational interpretations
	of increased impulsivity in the face of response conflict in patients
	with deep-brain-stimulation.},
  doi = {10.1016/S0079-6123(10)83014-6},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wiecki, Frank - 2010 - Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1875-7855},
  keywords = {Animals,Basal Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: metabolism,Basal Ganglia: physiopathology,Cognition,Cognition:
	physiology,Computer Simulation,Dopamine,Dopamine: metabolism,Humans,Learning,Learning:
	physiology,Levodopa,Levodopa: pharmacology,Memory,Memory: physiology,Models,Neural
	Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways:
	physiopathology,Neurological,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease:
	drug therapy,Parkinson Disease: metabolism,Parkinson Disease: physiopathology},
  pmid = {20696325},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20696325}
}

@ARTICLE{WieckiFrank78,
  author = {Wiecki, Thomas V and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson
	’ s Disease}},
  journal = {Psychology},
  year = {1978},
  pages = {1--47},
  file = {:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease.pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease(7).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease(5).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease(4).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease(2).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease(3).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease(6).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of motor and cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease(2).pdf:pdf;:home/whyking/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiecki, Frank - 1978 - Neurocomputational models of cognitive deficits in Parkinson ’ s Disease.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WieckiRiedingerAmeln-MayerhoferEtAl09,
  author = {Wiecki, Thomas V and Riedinger, Katrin and von Ameln-Mayerhofer,
	Andreas and Schmidt, Werner J and Frank, Michael J},
  title = {{A neurocomputational account of catalepsy sensitization induced
	by D2 receptor blockade in rats: context dependency, extinction,
	and renewal.}},
  journal = {Psychopharmacology},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {204},
  pages = {265--77},
  number = {2},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Repeated haloperidol treatment in rodents results in a day-to-day
	intensification of catalepsy (i.e., sensitization). Prior experiments
	suggest that this sensitization is context-dependent and resistant
	to extinction training.},
  doi = {10.1007/s00213-008-1457-4},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wiecki et al. - 2009 - A neurocomputational account of catalepsy sensitization induced by D2 receptor blockade in rats context dependency, extinction, and renewal.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1432-2072},
  keywords = {Animal,Animal: drug effects,Animals,Basal Ganglia,Basal Ganglia: drug
	effects,Behavior,Catalepsy,Catalepsy: chemically induced,Catalepsy:
	psychology,Computer Simulation,Dopamine Antagonists,Dopamine D2,Dopamine
	D2: antagonists \& inhibitors,Extinction,Haloperidol,Male,Models,Neurological,Psychological,Psychological:
	drug effects,Rats,Receptors,Reward,Sprague-Dawley},
  pmid = {19169674},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3049926\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{SoferWieckiFrank,
  author = {Sofer, Imri and Wiecki, Thomas V. and Frank, Michael J.},
  title = {{Hierarchical Bayesian estimation of the drift diffusion model in
	practice}},
  year = {{in preparation}}
}

@ARTICLE{PerezGranger07,
  Author         = {P\'erez, Fernando and Granger, Brian E.},
  Title          = {{IP}ython: a {S}ystem for {I}nteractive {S}cientific
                 {C}omputing},
  Journal        = {{C}omput. {S}ci. {E}ng.},
  Volume         = {9},
  Number         = {3},
  Pages          = {21-29},
  month          = may,
  year           = 2007,
  url            = "http://ipython.org",
}

@ARTICLE{WiensGuttagHorvitz09,
  author = {Wiens, Jenna and Guttag, John V and Horvitz, Eric},
  title = {{Patient Risk Stratification for Hospital-Associated C . diff as
	a Time-Series Classification Task}},
  year = {2009},
  pages = {1--9},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wiens, Guttag, Horvitz - 2009 - Patient Risk Stratification for Hospital-Associated C . diff as a Time-Series Classification Task.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WierdaRijnTaatgenEtAl12,
  author = {Wierda, S. M. and van Rijn, H. and Taatgen, N. a. and Martens, S.},
  title = {{Pupil dilation deconvolution reveals the dynamics of attention at
	high temporal resolution}},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  year = {2012},
  pages = {1--5},
  number = {7},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1201858109},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wierda et al. - 2012 - Pupil dilation deconvolution reveals the dynamics of attention at high temporal resolution.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0027-8424},
  url = {http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1201858109}
}

@ARTICLE{WietzikoskiBoschenMiyoshiEtAl11,
  author = {Wietzikoski, Evellyn Claudia and Boschen, Suelen L\'{u}cio and Miyoshi,
	Edmar and Bortolanza, Mariza and {Dos Santos}, Luc\'{e}lia Mendes
	and Frank, Michael and Brand\~{a}o, Marcus Lira and Winn, Philip
	and {Da Cunha}, Claudio},
  title = {{Roles of D1-like dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens and
	dorsolateral striatum in conditioned avoidance responses.}},
  journal = {Psychopharmacology},
  year = {2011},
  month = jul,
  abstract = {RATIONALE: Aversively motivated learning is more poorly understood
	than appetitively motivated learning in many aspects, including the
	role of dopamine receptors in different regions of the striatum.
	OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the roles of the D1-like
	DA receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral striatum
	(DLS) on learning and performance of conditioned avoidance responses
	(CARs). METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats received intraperitoneal
	(i.p.), intra-NAc, or intra-DLS injections of the D1 dopamine receptor
	agonist SKF 81297 or the D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 20 min
	before or immediately after a training session in the CAR task two-way
	active avoidance, carried out 24 h before a test session. RESULTS:
	Pre-training administration of SCH 23390, but not SKF 81297, caused
	a significant decrease in the number of CARs in the test, but not
	in the training session, when injected into the DLS, or in either
	session when injected into the NAc. It also caused a significant
	increase in the number of escape failures in the training session
	when injected into the NAc. Systemic administration caused a combination
	of these effects. Post-training administrations of these drugs caused
	no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the
	D1-like receptors in the NAc and DLS play important, though different,
	roles in learning and performance of CAR.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Roles of D1-like dopamine receptors in the nucleus
	accumbens and dorsolateral striatum in conditioned avoidance responses.
	- Wietzikoski, Evellyn Claudia; Boschen, Suelen L\'{u}cio; Miyoshi,
	Edmar; Bortolanza, Mariza; Dos Santos, Luc\'{e}lia Mendes; Frank,
	Michael; Brand\~{a}o, Marcus Lira; Winn, Philip; Da Cunha, Claudio
	)




	 },
  doi = {10.1007/s00213-011-2384-3},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wietzikoski et al. - 2011 - Roles of D1-like dopamine receptors in the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum in conditioned avoidance responses.pdf:pdf},
  isbn = {0021301123},
  issn = {1432-2072},
  pmid = {21720753},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21720753}
}

@ARTICLE{WildenbergBoxtelMolenEtAl06,
  author = {van den Wildenberg, Wery P M and van Boxtel, Geert J M and van der
	Molen, Maurits W and Bosch, D Andries and Speelman, Johannes D and
	Brunia, Cornelis H M},
  title = {{Stimulation of the subthalamic region facilitates the selection
	and inhibition of motor responses in Parkinson's disease.}},
  journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {626--36},
  number = {4},
  month = apr,
  abstract = {The aim of the present study was to specify the involvement of the
	basal ganglia in motor response selection and response inhibition.
	Two samples were studied. The first sample consisted of patients
	diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) who received deep-brain stimulation
	(DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The second sample consisted
	of patients who received DBS for the treatment of PD or essential
	tremor (ET) in the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim).
	Stop-signal task and go/no-go task performances were studied in both
	groups. Both groups performed these tasks with (on stimulation) and
	without (off stimulation) DBS to address the question of whether
	stimulation is effective in improving choice reaction time (RT) and
	stop-signal RT. The results show that DBS of the STN was associated
	with significantly enhanced inhibitory control, as indicated by shorter
	stop-signal RTs. An additional finding is that DBS of the STN led
	to significantly shorter choice RT. The effects of DBS on responding
	and response inhibition were functionally independent. Although DBS
	of the Vim did not systematically affect task performance in patients
	with ET, a subgroup of Vim-stimulated PD patients showed enhanced
	stop-signal RTs in on stimulation versus off stimulation. This result
	suggests that the change in performance to stop signals may not be
	directly related to STN function, but rather results from a change
	in PD function due to DBS in general. The findings are discussed
	in terms of current functional and neurobiological models that relate
	basal ganglia function to the selection and inhibition of motor responses.},
  doi = {10.1162/jocn.2006.18.4.626},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/van den Wildenberg et al. - 2006 - Stimulation of the subthalamic region facilitates the selection and inhibition of motor responses in Parkinson's disease.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0898-929X},
  keywords = {Adult,Aged,Choice Behavior,Choice Behavior: radiation effects,Deep
	Brain Stimulation,Deep Brain Stimulation: methods,Female,Humans,Inhibition
	(Psychology),Male,Middle Aged,Movement,Movement: radiation effects,Neuropsychological
	Tests,Neuropsychological Tests: statistics \& numerical d,Parkinson
	Disease,Parkinson Disease: therapy,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: radiation effects,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: radiation
	effects,Subthalamic Nucleus,Subthalamic Nucleus: radiation effects},
  pmid = {16768365},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16768365}
}

@ARTICLE{Wiley,
  author = {Wiley, John},
  title = {{r Fo Pe er vi r Fo Pe er Re vi}},
  journal = {Annals of Neurology},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wiley - Unknown - r Fo Pe er vi r Fo Pe er Re vi.pdf:pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{WillcocksMcNally11,
  author = {Willcocks, Andrea L and McNally, Gavan P},
  title = {{The role of context in re-acquisition of extinguished alcoholic
	beer-seeking.}},
  journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {125},
  pages = {541--50},
  number = {4},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {We studied the role of context in reacquisition of extinguished reward-seeking.
	Rats were trained to respond for alcoholic beer, then extinguished
	and retrained. Reacquisition was faster than acquisition regardless
	of whether retraining occurred in the original training context,
	the extinction context, a novel context, or a context with a mixed
	history of reinforcement. Reacquisition was also rapid after extended
	extinction training. Nonetheless, context did significantly influence
	reacquisition via affecting latency to first response: rats took
	significantly longer to initiate responding when tested in the extinction
	context. These results suggest that reacquisition of drug and reward
	seeking is determined by an inhibitory influence caused by the extinction
	context and a facilitatory influence caused by reintroduction of
	the reinforcer (Bouton, 1993). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011
	APA, all rights reserved).},
  doi = {10.1037/a0024100},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Willcocks, McNally - 2011 - The role of context in re-acquisition of extinguished alcoholic beer-seeking.PDF:PDF},
  issn = {1939-0084},
  keywords = {2005,alcohol,contextual control,cutler,extinction,fishbain,interventions
	does little,of relapse,of sub-,problem in the treatment,reinstatement,relapse,relapse
	remains a significant,stance use disorders,the current range of,to
	attenuate high rates,zwe-},
  pmid = {21639601},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21639601}
}

@ARTICLE{WindmannKruger98,
  author = {Windmann, S and Kr\"{u}ger, T},
  title = {{Subconscious detection of threat as reflected by an enhanced response
	bias}},
  journal = {Consciousness and Cognition},
  year = {1998},
  file = {::},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810098903373 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810098903373}
}

@ARTICLE{WomelsdorfVinckLeungEtAl10,
  author = {Womelsdorf, Thilo and Vinck, Martin and Leung, L Stan and Everling,
	Stefan},
  title = {{Selective theta-synchronization of choice-relevant information subserves
	goal-directed behavior.}},
  journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {210},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Theta activity reflects a state of rhythmic modulation of excitability
	at the level of single neuron membranes, within local neuronal groups
	and between distant nodes of a neuronal network. A wealth of evidence
	has shown that during theta states distant neuronal groups synchronize,
	forming networks of spatially confined neuronal clusters at specific
	time periods during task performance. Here, we show that a functional
	commonality of networks engaging in theta rhythmic states is that
	they emerge around decision points, reflecting rhythmic synchronization
	of choice-relevant information. Decision points characterize a point
	in time shortly before a subject chooses to select one action over
	another, i.e., when automatic behavior is terminated and the organism
	reactivates multiple sources of information to evaluate the evidence
	for available choices. As such, decision processes require the coordinated
	retrieval of choice-relevant information including (i) the retrieval
	of stimulus evaluations (stimulus-reward associations) and reward
	expectancies about future outcomes, (ii) the retrieval of past and
	prospective memories (e.g., stimulus-stimulus associations), (iii)
	the reactivation of contextual task rule representations (e.g., stimulus-response
	mappings), along with (iv) an ongoing assessment of sensory evidence.
	An increasing number of studies reveal that retrieval of these multiple
	types of information proceeds within few theta cycles through synchronized
	spiking activity across limbic, striatal, and cortical processing
	nodes. The outlined evidence suggests that evolving spatially and
	temporally specific theta synchronization could serve as the critical
	correlate underlying the selection of a choice during goal-directed
	behavior.},
  doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2010.00210},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Womelsdorf et al. - 2010 - Selective theta-synchronization of choice-relevant information subserves goal-directed behavior.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1662-5161},
  pmid = {21119780},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2991127\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{WongWang06,
  author = {Wong, Kong-Fatt and Wang, Xiao-Jing},
  title = {{A recurrent network mechanism of time integration in perceptual
	decisions.}},
  journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society
	for Neuroscience},
  year = {2006},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {1314--28},
  number = {4},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Recent physiological studies using behaving monkeys revealed that,
	in a two-alternative forced-choice visual motion discrimination task,
	reaction time was correlated with ramping of spike activity of lateral
	intraparietal cortical neurons. The ramping activity appears to reflect
	temporal accumulation, on a timescale of hundreds of milliseconds,
	of sensory evidence before a decision is reached. To elucidate the
	cellular and circuit basis of such integration times, we developed
	and investigated a simplified two-variable version of a biophysically
	realistic cortical network model of decision making. In this model,
	slow time integration can be achieved robustly if excitatory reverberation
	is primarily mediated by NMDA receptors; our model with only fast
	AMPA receptors at recurrent synapses produces decision times that
	are not comparable with experimental observations. Moreover, we found
	two distinct modes of network behavior, in which decision computation
	by winner-take-all competition is instantiated with or without attractor
	states for working memory. Decision process is closely linked to
	the local dynamics, in the "decision space" of the system, in the
	vicinity of an unstable saddle steady state that separates the basins
	of attraction for the two alternative choices. This picture provides
	a rigorous and quantitative explanation for the dependence of performance
	and response time on the degree of task difficulty, and the reason
	for which reaction times are longer in error trials than in correct
	trials as observed in the monkey experiment. Our reduced two-variable
	neural model offers a simple yet biophysically plausible framework
	for studying perceptual decision making in general.},
  doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3733-05.2006},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wong, Wang - 2006 - A recurrent network mechanism of time integration in perceptual decisions.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1529-2401},
  keywords = {Animals,Computer Simulation,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Diffusion,Haplorhini,Memory,Memory:
	physiology,Models, Neurological,Models, Psychological,Neural Networks
	(Computer),Perception,Perception: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Receptors,
	AMPA,Receptors, AMPA: physiology,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate,Receptors,
	N-Methyl-D-Aspartate: physiology,Synapses,Synapses: physiology,Time
	Factors},
  pmid = {16436619},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16436619}
}

@ARTICLE{Wong-LinEckhoffHolmesEtAl10,
  author = {Wong-Lin, Kongfatt and Eckhoff, Philip and Holmes, Philip and Cohen,
	Jonathan D},
  title = {{Optimal performance in a countermanding saccade task.}},
  journal = {Brain research},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {1318},
  pages = {178--87},
  number = {1984},
  month = mar,
  abstract = {Countermanding an action is a fundamental form of cognitive control.
	In a saccade-countermanding task, subjects are instructed that, if
	a stop signal appears shortly after a target, they are to maintain
	fixation rather than to make a saccade to the target. In recent years,
	recordings in the frontal eye fields and superior colliculus of behaving
	non-human primates have found correlates of such countermanding behavior
	in movement and fixation neurons. In this work, we extend a previous
	neural network model of countermanding to account for the high pre-target
	activity of fixation neurons. We propose that this activity reflects
	the functioning of control mechanisms responsible for optimizing
	performance. We demonstrate, using computer simulations and mathematical
	analysis, that pre-target fixation neuronal activity supports countermanding
	behavior that maximizes reward rate as a function of the stop signal
	delay, fraction of stop signal trials, intertrial interval, duration
	of timeout, and relative reward value. We propose experiments to
	test these predictions regarding optimal behavior.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.018},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wong-Lin et al. - 2010 - Optimal performance in a countermanding saccade task.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1872-6240},
  keywords = {Action Potentials,Algorithms,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Computer
	Simulation,Executive Function,Executive Function: physiology,Fixation,
	Ocular,Fixation, Ocular: physiology,Humans,Models, Neurological,Neural
	Networks (Computer),Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Neuropsychological
	Tests,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reward,Saccades,Saccades:
	physiology,Time Factors},
  pmid = {20034481},
  publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2846395\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{WoodGriffithsGhahramani12,
  author = {Wood, Frank and Griffiths, TL and Ghahramani, Z},
  title = {{A non-parametric Bayesian method for inferring hidden causes}},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1206.6865},
  year = {2012},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wood, Griffiths, Ghahramani - 2012 - A non-parametric Bayesian method for inferring hidden causes.pdf:pdf},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.6865 http://cs.brown.edu/people/fwood/papers/Wood-UAI-2006.pdf}
}

@ARTICLE{Wood10,
  author = {Wood, Simon N},
  title = {{Statistical inference for noisy nonlinear ecological dynamic systems.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {466},
  pages = {1102--4},
  number = {7310},
  month = aug,
  abstract = {Chaotic ecological dynamic systems defy conventional statistical analysis.
	Systems with near-chaotic dynamics are little better. Such systems
	are almost invariably driven by endogenous dynamic processes plus
	demographic and environmental process noise, and are only observable
	with error. Their sensitivity to history means that minute changes
	in the driving noise realization, or the system parameters, will
	cause drastic changes in the system trajectory. This sensitivity
	is inherited and amplified by the joint probability density of the
	observable data and the process noise, rendering it useless as the
	basis for obtaining measures of statistical fit. Because the joint
	density is the basis for the fit measures used by all conventional
	statistical methods, this is a major theoretical shortcoming. The
	inability to make well-founded statistical inferences about biological
	dynamic models in the chaotic and near-chaotic regimes, other than
	on an ad hoc basis, leaves dynamic theory without the methods of
	quantitative validation that are essential tools in the rest of biological
	science. Here I show that this impasse can be resolved in a simple
	and general manner, using a method that requires only the ability
	to simulate the observed data on a system from the dynamic model
	about which inferences are required. The raw data series are reduced
	to phase-insensitive summary statistics, quantifying local dynamic
	structure and the distribution of observations. Simulation is used
	to obtain the mean and the covariance matrix of the statistics, given
	model parameters, allowing the construction of a 'synthetic likelihood'
	that assesses model fit. This likelihood can be explored using a
	straightforward Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler, but one further
	post-processing step returns pure likelihood-based inference. I apply
	the method to establish the dynamic nature of the fluctuations in
	Nicholson's classic blowfly experiments.},
  annote = { From Duplicate 1 ( Statistical inference for noisy nonlinear ecological
	dynamic systems. - Wood, Simon N )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Statistical inference for noisy nonlinear ecological
	dynamic systems. - Wood, Simon N )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Statistical inference for noisy nonlinear ecological
	dynamic systems. - Wood, Simon N )

	 Sample many datasets using theta. Create summary statistics. Create
	MVN from summary stats and compare to summary stats of original data.






	 From Duplicate 2 ( Statistical inference for noisy nonlinear ecological
	dynamic systems. - Wood, Simon N )


	 From Duplicate 2 ( Statistical inference for noisy nonlinear ecological
	dynamic systems. - Wood, Simon N )

	 Sample many datasets using theta. Create summary statistics. Create
	MVN from summary stats and compare to summary stats of original data.




	 },
  doi = {10.1038/nature09319},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wood - 2010 - Statistical inference for noisy nonlinear ecological dynamic systems.pdf:pdf;::},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  keywords = {Animals,Biological,Computer Simulation,Data Interpretation,Diptera,Diptera:
	physiology,Ecology,Ecology: methods,Models,Population Density,Statistical},
  pmid = {20703226},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703226}
}

@ARTICLE{WuChang12,
  author = {Wu, Jheng-Long and Chang, Pei-Chann},
  title = {{A Trend-Based Segmentation Method and the Support Vector Regression
	for Financial Time Series Forecasting}},
  journal = {Mathematical Problems in Engineering},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {2012},
  pages = {1--20},
  doi = {10.1155/2012/615152},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wu, Chang - 2012 - A Trend-Based Segmentation Method and the Support Vector Regression for Financial Time Series Forecasting.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1024-123X},
  url = {http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2012/615152/}
}

@ARTICLE{WuChenGaoEtAl11,
  author = {Wu, Wei and Chen, Zhe and Gao, Shangkai and Brown, Emery N},
  title = {{A hierarchical Bayesian approach for learning sparse spatio-temporal
	decompositions of multichannel EEG.}},
  journal = {NeuroImage},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {56},
  pages = {1929--45},
  number = {4},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive tool
	to explore spatio-temporal dynamics of brain activity. With EEG recordings
	consisting of multiple trials, traditional signal processing approaches
	that ignore inter-trial variability in the data may fail to accurately
	estimate the underlying spatio-temporal brain patterns. Moreover,
	precise characterization of such inter-trial variability per se can
	be of high scientific value in establishing the relationship between
	brain activity and behavior. In this paper, a statistical modeling
	framework is introduced for learning spatio-temporal decompositions
	of multiple-trial EEG data recorded under two contrasting experimental
	conditions. By modeling the variance of source signals as random
	variables varying across trials, the proposed two-stage hierarchical
	Bayesian model is able to capture inter-trial amplitude variability
	in the data in a sparse way where a parsimonious representation of
	the data can be obtained. A variational Bayesian (VB) algorithm is
	developed for statistical inference of the hierarchical model. The
	efficacy of the proposed modeling framework is validated with the
	analysis of both synthetic and real EEG data. In the simulation study
	we show that even at low signal-to-noise ratios our approach is able
	to recover with high precision the underlying spatio-temporal patterns
	and the dynamics of source amplitude across trials; on two brain-computer
	interface (BCI) data sets we show that our VB algorithm can extract
	physiologically meaningful spatio-temporal patterns and make more
	accurate predictions than other two widely used algorithms: the common
	spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm and the Infomax algorithm for independent
	component analysis (ICA). The results demonstrate that our statistical
	modeling framework can serve as a powerful tool for extracting brain
	patterns, characterizing trial-to-trial brain dynamics, and decoding
	brain states by exploiting useful structures in the data.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.032},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wu et al. - 2011 - A hierarchical Bayesian approach for learning sparse spatio-temporal decompositions of multichannel EEG.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1095-9572},
  keywords = {Algorithms,Bayes Theorem,Brain,Brain: physiology,Computer-Assisted,Electroencephalography,Electroencephalography:
	methods,Female,Humans,Male,Models,Signal Processing,Statistical,Young
	Adult},
  pmid = {21420499},
  publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3128889\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{WylieRidderinkhofEliasEtAl10,
  author = {Wylie, Scott a and Ridderinkhof, K Richard and Elias, William J and
	Frysinger, Robert C and Bashore, Theodore R and Downs, Kara E and
	van Wouwe, Nelleke C and van den Wildenberg, Wery P M},
  title = {{Subthalamic nucleus stimulation influences expression and suppression
	of impulsive behaviour in Parkinson's disease.}},
  journal = {Brain : a journal of neurology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {133},
  pages = {3611--24},
  number = {Pt 12},
  month = dec,
  abstract = {Past studies show beneficial as well as detrimental effects of subthalamic
	nucleus deep-brain stimulation on impulsive behaviour. We address
	this paradox by investigating individuals with Parkinson's disease
	treated with subthalamic nucleus stimulation (n = 17) and healthy
	controls without Parkinson's disease (n = 17) on performance in a
	Simon task. In this reaction time task, conflict between premature
	response impulses and goal-directed action selection is manipulated.
	We applied distributional analytic methods to separate the strength
	of the initial response impulse from the proficiency of inhibitory
	control engaged subsequently to suppress the impulse. Patients with
	Parkinson's disease were tested when stimulation was either turned
	on or off. Mean conflict interference effects did not differ between
	controls and patients, or within patients when stimulation was on
	versus off. In contrast, distributional analyses revealed two dissociable
	effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Fast response errors
	indicated that stimulation increased impulsive, premature responding
	in high conflict situations. Later in the reaction process, however,
	stimulation improved the proficiency with which inhibitory control
	was engaged to suppress these impulses selectively, thereby facilitating
	selection of the correct action. This temporal dissociation supports
	a conceptual framework for resolving past paradoxical findings and
	further highlights that dynamic aspects of impulse and inhibitory
	control underlying goal-directed behaviour rely in part on neural
	circuitry inclusive of the subthalamic nucleus.},
  doi = {10.1093/brain/awq239},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wylie et al. - 2010 - Subthalamic nucleus stimulation influences expression and suppression of impulsive behaviour in Parkinson's disease.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-2156},
  keywords = {Aged,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Deep Brain Stimulation,Deep Brain
	Stimulation: adverse effects,Female,Humans,Impulsive Behavior,Impulsive
	Behavior: etiology,Impulsive Behavior: psychology,Inhibition (Psychology),Male,Middle
	Aged,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease: psychology,Parkinson Disease:
	therapy,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor
	Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction
	Time: physiology,Subthalamic Nucleus,Subthalamic Nucleus: physiology,flanker,response
	inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {flanker,response inhibition},
  pmid = {20861152},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2995881\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{WylieWildenbergRidderinkhofEtAl09,
  author = {Wylie, Scott a. and van den Wildenberg, Wery P M and Ridderinkhof,
	K Richard and Bashore, T R and Powell, V D and Manning, C a and Wooten,
	G F},
  title = {{The effect of Parkinson's disease on interference control during
	action selection.}},
  journal = {Neuropsychologia},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {145--57},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Basal ganglia structures comprise a portion of the neural circuitry
	that is hypothesized to coordinate the selection and suppression
	of competing responses. Parkinson's disease (PD) may produce a dysfunction
	in these structures that alters this capacity, making it difficult
	for patients with PD to suppress interference arising from the automatic
	activation of salient or overlearned responses. Empirical observations
	thus far have confirmed this assumption in some studies, but not
	in others, due presumably to considerable inter-individual variability
	among PD patients. In an attempt to help resolve this controversy,
	we measured the performance of 50 PD patients and 25 healthy controls
	on an arrow version of the Eriksen flanker task in which participants
	were required to select a response based on the direction of a target
	arrow that was flanked by arrows pointing in the same (congruent)
	or opposite (incongruent) direction. Consistent with previous findings,
	reaction time (RT) increased with incongruent flankers compared to
	congruent or neutral flankers, and this cost of incongruence was
	greater among PD patients. Two novel findings are reported. First,
	distributional analyses, guided by dual-process models of conflict
	effects and the activation-suppression hypothesis, revealed that
	PD patients are less efficient at suppressing the activation of conflicting
	responses, even when matched to healthy controls on RT in a neutral
	condition. Second, this reduced efficiency was apparent in half of
	the PD patients, whereas the remaining patients were as efficient
	as healthy controls. These findings suggest that although poor suppression
	of conflicting responses is an important feature of PD, it is not
	evident in all medicated patients.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.08.001},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Wylie et al. - 2009 - The effect of Parkinson's disease on interference control during action selection.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {0028-3932},
  keywords = {Aged,Analysis of Variance,Attention,Attention: physiology,Choice Behavior,Choice
	Behavior: physiology,Female,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Male,Middle
	Aged,Neuropsychological Tests,Parkinson Disease,Parkinson Disease:
	physiopathology,Perceptual Masking,Perceptual Masking: physiology,Photic
	Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,flanker,response
	inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {flanker,response inhibition},
  pmid = {18761363},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18761363}
}

@ARTICLE{YamashitaTani12,
  author = {Yamashita, Yuichi and Tani, Jun},
  title = {{Spontaneous prediction error generation in schizophrenia.}},
  journal = {PloS one},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {e37843},
  number = {5},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Goal-directed human behavior is enabled by hierarchically-organized
	neural systems that process executive commands associated with higher
	brain areas in response to sensory and motor signals from lower brain
	areas. Psychiatric diseases and psychotic conditions are postulated
	to involve disturbances in these hierarchical network interactions,
	but the mechanism for how aberrant disease signals are generated
	in networks, and a systems-level framework linking disease signals
	to specific psychiatric symptoms remains undetermined. In this study,
	we show that neural networks containing schizophrenia-like deficits
	can spontaneously generate uncompensated error signals with properties
	that explain psychiatric disease symptoms, including fictive perception,
	altered sense of self, and unpredictable behavior. To distinguish
	dysfunction at the behavioral versus network level, we monitored
	the interactive behavior of a humanoid robot driven by the network.
	Mild perturbations in network connectivity resulted in the spontaneous
	appearance of uncompensated prediction errors and altered interactions
	within the network without external changes in behavior, correlating
	to the fictive sensations and agency experienced by episodic disease
	patients. In contrast, more severe deficits resulted in unstable
	network dynamics resulting in overt changes in behavior similar to
	those observed in chronic disease patients. These findings demonstrate
	that prediction error disequilibrium may represent an intrinsic property
	of schizophrenic brain networks reporting the severity and variability
	of disease symptoms. Moreover, these results support a systems-level
	model for psychiatric disease that features the spontaneous generation
	of maladaptive signals in hierarchical neural networks.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0037843},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Yamashita, Tani - 2012 - Spontaneous prediction error generation in schizophrenia.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  pmid = {22666398},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3364276\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{YangShadlen07,
  author = {Yang, Tianming and Shadlen, Michael N},
  title = {{Probabilistic reasoning by neurons.}},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {447},
  pages = {1075--80},
  number = {7148},
  month = jun,
  abstract = {Our brains allow us to reason about alternatives and to make choices
	that are likely to pay off. Often there is no one correct answer,
	but instead one that is favoured simply because it is more likely
	to lead to reward. A variety of probabilistic classification tasks
	probe the covert strategies that humans use to decide among alternatives
	based on evidence that bears only probabilistically on outcome. Here
	we show that rhesus monkeys can also achieve such reasoning. We have
	trained two monkeys to choose between a pair of coloured targets
	after viewing four shapes, shown sequentially, that governed the
	probability that one of the targets would furnish reward. Monkeys
	learned to combine probabilistic information from the shape combinations.
	Moreover, neurons in the parietal cortex reveal the addition and
	subtraction of probabilistic quantities that underlie decision-making
	on this task.},
  doi = {10.1038/nature05852},
  issn = {1476-4687},
  keywords = {Animals,Behavior, Animal,Behavior, Animal: physiology,Cues,Decision
	Making,Decision Making: physiology,Eye Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,Macaca
	mulatta,Macaca mulatta: physiology,Models, Neurological,Neurons,Neurons:
	physiology,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: cytology,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Photic
	Stimulation,Probability,Reward},
  pmid = {17546027},
  shorttitle = {Nature},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05852}
}

@ARTICLE{YinKnowltonBalleine04,
  author = {Yin, H.H. and Knowlton, B.J. and Balleine, B.W.},
  title = {{Lesions of dorsolateral striatum preserve outcome expectancy but
	disrupt habit formation in instrumental learning}},
  journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience},
  year = {2004},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {181--189},
  number = {1},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.03095.x},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Yin, Knowlton, Balleine - 2004 - Lesions of dorsolateral striatum preserve outcome expectancy but disrupt habit formation in instrumental learning.PDF:PDF},
  keywords = {basal ganglia,dorsomedial striatum,instrumental conditioning,interval
	schedules,procedural learning,striatum},
  publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03095.x/full}
}

@ARTICLE{YoshidaTanaka09,
  author = {Yoshida, Atsushi and Tanaka, Masaki},
  title = {{Enhanced modulation of neuronal activity during antisaccades in
	the primate globus pallidus.}},
  journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {19},
  pages = {206--17},
  number = {1},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {The antisaccade task has been widely used to investigate the neural
	mechanisms underlying volitional movement control. In this task,
	subjects suppress reflexive saccades to the sudden appearance of
	peripheral visual stimuli (prosaccades) and generate a saccade in
	the opposite direction. Recent imaging studies suggest that the globus
	pallidus (GP) is involved in the generation of antisaccades. To understand
	the roles of the GP, we examined single neuron activity and the effects
	of local inactivation. Monkeys were trained to make either a pro-
	or antisaccade according to prior instruction provided by the color
	of the fixation point in each trial. Among 119 saccade-related neurons,
	55\% showed increased firing rates associated with saccades, whereas
	the remaining neurons showed decreased firing rates. For both populations
	of neurons, the activity modulation was enhanced during the preparation
	and execution of antisaccades, as compared with prosaccades. Inactivation
	of the recording sites in the external segment of the GP resulted
	in an increase in the number of error trials in the antisaccade tasks,
	suggesting that signals in the GP may play roles in suppressing inadequate
	prosaccades in the task. Signals in the GP might regulate eye movements
	through the nigro-collicular descending circuitry and through the
	basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathways.},
  doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhn069},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Yoshida, Tanaka - 2009 - Enhanced modulation of neuronal activity during antisaccades in the primate globus pallidus.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1460-2199},
  keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological,Adaptation, Physiological: physiology,Animals,Decision
	Making,Decision Making: physiology,Globus Pallidus,Globus Pallidus:
	physiology,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Macaca,Neural Inhibition,Neural
	Inhibition: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Reflex,Reflex:
	physiology,Saccades,Volition,Volition: physiology},
  pmid = {18477689},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18477689}
}

@ARTICLE{YugetaTeraoFukudaEtAl10,
  author = {Yugeta, A and Terao, Y and Fukuda, H and Hikosaka, O and Yokochi,
	F and Okiyama, R and Taniguchi, M and Takahashi, H and Hamada, I
	and Hanajima, R and Ugawa, Y},
  title = {{Effects of STN stimulation on the initiation and inhibition of saccade
	in Parkinson disease.}},
  journal = {Neurology},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {743--748},
  number = {9},
  abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The basal ganglia (BG) play an important role in controlling
	saccades. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus
	(STN) is widely used as a treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) by
	altering the function of the BG. Nevertheless, the effects of STN
	DBS on saccade performance are not fully clarified in a systematic
	manner. In this study, we examined the effects of bilateral STN DBS
	on both the initiation and inhibition of saccades in PD. METHODS:
	Thirty-two patients with PD performed 4 oculomotor tasks. Two tasks
	(visually guided saccades and gap saccades) were reflexive and 2
	(memory-guided saccades MGS and antisaccades) were volitional. While
	taking their regular doses of antiparkinsonian drugs, patients performed
	these tasks under 2 conditions: during DBS (DBS-on condition) and
	without DBS (DBS-off condition). Fifty-one age-matched subjects served
	as controls. RESULTS: In the DBS-on condition, parameters of saccade
	initiation were improved in all tasks, with shorter latencies and
	increased amplitudes, except for MGS latency. STN DBS improved the
	ability to suppress unwanted saccades to the cue stimulus in the
	MGS task. However, it did not suppress prosaccades during the antisaccade
	task. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that deep brain stimulation
	(DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) affects the neural pathway
	common to both reflexive and volitional saccades, possibly by acting
	on the STN-substantia nigra pars reticulata-superior colliculi pathway.
	STN DBS may set the functional level of the superior colliculi appropriate
	for both saccade initiation and inhibition through this pathway.
	These findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of
	Parkinson disease and may yield better treatment strategies.},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Yugeta et al. - 2010 - Effects of STN stimulation on the initiation and inhibition of saccade in Parkinson disease.pdf:pdf},
  institution = {Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University
	of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. yugetaa-tky@umin.ac.jp},
  keywords = {STN,antisaccade,response inhibition},
  mendeley-tags = {antisaccade,response inhibition,STN},
  pmid = {20194913},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20194913}
}

@ARTICLE{ZandbeltBuurenKahnEtAl11,
  author = {Zandbelt, Bram B and van Buuren, Mari\"{e}t and Kahn, Ren\'{e} S
	and Vink, Matthijs},
  title = {{Reduced Proactive Inhibition in Schizophrenia Is Related to Corticostriatal
	Dysfunction and Poor Working Memory.}},
  journal = {Biological psychiatry},
  year = {2011},
  month = sep,
  abstract = {BACKGROUND: Inhibitory control is central to executive functioning
	and appears deficient in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear how
	inhibitory control is affected, what the underlying neural mechanisms
	are, whether these deficits are related to the illness itself or
	to increased risk for the illness, and whether there is a relation
	to impairments in other executive functions. METHODS: We used functional
	magnetic resonance imaging to investigate two forms of inhibitory
	control: proactive inhibition (anticipation of stopping) and reactive
	inhibition (outright stopping). Twenty-four schizophrenia patients,
	24 unaffected siblings, and 24 healthy control subjects performed
	a modified version of the stop-signal paradigm. To assess the relation
	between performance on inhibitory control and other executive functions,
	we correlated inhibitory control indices with working memory span.
	RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, proactive inhibition was
	reduced in patients and siblings. Reactive inhibition was unaffected.
	Reduced proactive inhibition was associated with a failure to activate
	the right striatum, the right inferior frontal cortex, and the left
	and right temporoparietal junction. Activation during reactive inhibition
	was unaffected. Those patients with the least proactive inhibition
	also showed the shortest working memory span. CONCLUSIONS: These
	results suggest that schizophrenia is associated with reduced proactive
	inhibition, probably resulting from corticostriatal dysfunction.
	This deficit is related to an increased risk for schizophrenia and
	likely reflects a general executive function deficit rather than
	a specific inhibitory control impairment.},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.07.028},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Zandbelt et al. - 2011 - Reduced Proactive Inhibition in Schizophrenia Is Related to Corticostriatal Dysfunction and Poor Working Memory.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1873-2402},
  keywords = {cognitive control,deficient in schizophrenia,fmri,im-,inferior frontal
	cortex,may be,nhibitory control is central,re-,schizophrenia,several
	studies have reported,sponse inhibition,striatum,to executive functioning
	and},
  pmid = {21903198},
  publisher = {Society of Biological Psychiatry},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21903198}
}

@ARTICLE{ZandbeltVink10,
  author = {Zandbelt, Bram B and Vink, Matthijs},
  title = {{On the role of the striatum in response inhibition.}},
  journal = {PloS one},
  year = {2010},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {e13848},
  number = {11},
  month = jan,
  abstract = {Stopping a manual response requires suppression of the primary motor
	cortex (M1) and has been linked to activation of the striatum. Here,
	we test three hypotheses regarding the role of the striatum in stopping:
	striatum activation during successful stopping may reflect suppression
	of M1, anticipation of a stop-signal occurring, or a slower response
	build-up.},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0013848},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Zandbelt, Vink - 2010 - On the role of the striatum in response inhibition.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  keywords = {Adult,Brain Mapping,Corpus Striatum,Corpus Striatum: anatomy \& histology,Corpus
	Striatum: physiology,Cues,Female,Humans,Inhibition (Psychology),Magnetic
	Resonance Imaging,Male,Motor Cortex,Motor Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Motor
	Cortex: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor
	Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Signal
	Transduction,Signal Transduction: physiology,Young Adult},
  pmid = {21079814},
  url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2973972\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract}
}

@ARTICLE{ZouLuoTang,
  author = {Zou, Bin and Luo, Tao and Tang, Yuan Yan},
  title = {{The Generalization Performance of Regularized Regression Algorithms
	based on Markov Sampling}},
  file = {:home/whyking/working/paperdb/Zou, Luo, Tang - Unknown - The Generalization Performance of Regularized Regression Algorithms based on Markov Sampling ∗.pdf:pdf}
}
